Pulmonary Atresia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uburyo bwo Kuvura

Pulmonary atresia ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima kibaho umwana akiri mu nda, aho umuvure wa pulmonary uba utaravutse neza cyangwa ugafumbwe burundu. Ibi bivuze ko amaraso adashobora gutembera neza ava mu mutima yerekeza mu mwijima kugira ngo afate umwuka.

Iki kibazo kibangamira abana bagera kuri 1 kuri buri 10.000 bavutse. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, iterambere mu buvuzi ryatumye abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia babasha kubaho ubuzima buzuye, bukora, bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubwitabire.

Pulmonary Atresia ni iki?

Pulmonary atresia ibaho iyo umuvure wa pulmonary, uba hagati y'igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima n'umuyoboro w'amaraso ujya mu mwijima, utabashije gutera imbere neza. Tekereza nk'umucyo udafite uburyo bwo gufungura hagati y'ibyumba bibiri by'ingenzi mu mutima wawe.

Mu mutima muzima, igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima gitera amaraso mu muvure wa pulmonary yerekeza mu mwijima. Iyo ufite pulmonary atresia, uwo muhanda uba wafunzwe cyangwa utabaho. Umubiri w'umwana wawe ushaka uburyo bwo kugeza amaraso mu mwijima binyuze mu bindi biyobyabwo, ariko ibyo si ibisubizo by'igihe kirekire.

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bw'iki kibazo. Ubwoko bugaragara bitewe n'uko igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima cyavutse neza cyangwa cyagumye gito kandi kitateye imbere.

Ni ibihe bwoko bya Pulmonary Atresia?

Pulmonary atresia ifite ventricular septum yuzuye bivuze ko urukuta ruri hagati y'ibice byo hasi by'umutima rwuzuye, ariko igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima kenshi kiba gito kandi kitateye imbere. Ubu bwoko busaba ubuvuzi bugoranye kuko igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima gishobora kudakomeye ngo gitere amaraso neza.

Pulmonary atresia ifite ventricular septal defect irimo umwobo uri hagati y'ibice byo hasi by'umutima, kandi igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima kenshi kiba gifite ubunini busanzwe. Ubu bwoko bugira imiyoboro y'amaraso yinyongera ifasha gutwara amaraso yerekeza mu mwijima, ibyo bishobora gutuma gahunda yo kuvura ihinduka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Pulmonary Atresia?

Abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike bya mbere bavutse. Ikimenyetso cyibonekeza cyane ni cyanose, bisobanura ko uruhu rw'umwana wawe, iminwa, cyangwa imisumari ishobora kugaragara yera cyangwa yijimye kuko amaraso ye adafite umwuka uhagije.

Ushobora kubona ibindi bimenyetso by'akaga bigaragaza ko umwana wawe atabona umwuka uhagije:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka vuba
• Kunywa nabi cyangwa kunanirwa vuba mu gihe cyo kunywa
• Gusinzira cyane cyangwa kubura imbaraga
• Kubura ibiro nubwo afite ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umujinya cyangwa guhora arira
• Kwituma mu gihe cyo kunywa cyangwa mu bikorwa byoroheje

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bito, cyane cyane niba bafite inzira nziza yo gutwara amaraso yerekeza mu mwijima. Ariko kandi, ibimenyetso bito ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa kuko iki kibazo gishobora kuba kibi uko igihe kigenda.

Ni iki giteza Pulmonary Atresia?

Pulmonary atresia itera mu byumweru umunani bya mbere byo gutwita igihe umutima w'umwana wawe uba ukirimo kuvugururwa. Impamvu nyamukuru ntiyumvikana neza, ariko bigaragara ko ari uruvange rw'ibintu by'umurage n'ibyo mu kirere bikorera hamwe.

Ibyinshi bibaho ku bushake nta mateka yo mu muryango y'ibibazo by'umutima. Imiterere y'umutima w'umwana wawe ivugururwa mu buryo bugoranye, kandi rimwe na rimwe umuvure wa pulmonary ntabwo uba uvuka neza. Ibi ntibitewe n'icyo wakoze cyangwa utabikoze mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago, nubwo bitateza iki kibazo. Ibyo birimo kugira diabete mu gihe cyo gutwita, gufata imiti imwe, cyangwa kugira amateka yo mu muryango y'ibibazo by'umutima. Ariko kandi, abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bavukira ababyeyi badafite ibyo bintu by'ibyago.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Pulmonary Atresia?

Niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibara ryera ku minwa, imisumari, cyangwa uruhu, ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa. Iryo bara ryera risobanura ko umwana wawe atabona umwuka uhagije kandi akeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa ako kanya.

Ugomba kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe vuba niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kunywa, asa n'unanirwa, ahumeka vuba, cyangwa adakura neza. Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba buhoro buhoro, ariko bigaragaza ko umutima w'umwana wawe ukora cyane kurusha uko ukwiye.

Mu bugenzuzi busanzwe, muganga wawe azumva umutima w'umwana wawe kandi ashobora kumva urusaku rw'umutima. Nubwo urusaku rwinshi rw'umutima rudakomeye, ubundi bushobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye nk'umutima wa pulmonary ukeneye isuzuma ryihuse rya cardiologue yita ku bana.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya Pulmonary Atresia?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kubyara umwana ufite pulmonary atresia, nubwo kugira ibyo bintu by'ibyago bidatuma umwana wawe azagira icyo kibazo. Abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bavukira ababyeyi badafite ibyo bintu.

Ibintu by'umurage bigira uruhare mu mimerere imwe. Niba ufite amateka yo mu muryango y'ibibazo by'umutima, ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi gato. Ibindi bibazo by'umurage, nk'uburwayi bwa DiGeorge cyangwa Noonan, bihurirana n'ibyago byiyongereye by'ibibazo by'umutima.

Ubuzima bw'umubyeyi mu gihe cyo gutwita bushobora kugira ingaruka ku byago. Kugira diabete, cyane cyane niba idakurikiranwa neza, bishobora kongera amahirwe y'ibibazo by'umutima. Gufata imiti imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane imiti yo kuvura indwara zifata ubwonko cyangwa imiti yo kuvura uburwayi bw'uruhu, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'umutima.

Ibintu byo mu kirere nk'itabi, inzoga, cyangwa kuba mu kirere gifite imiti runaka mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kugira uruhare mu byago. Ariko kandi, ababyeyi benshi bahura n'ibyo bibazo bagira abana bafite imitima ikozwe neza.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kubaho kubera Pulmonary Atresia?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, pulmonary atresia ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye kuko umubiri w'umwana wawe utabona umwuka uhagije. Ikibazo cya mbere ni uko urwego rw'umwuka w'umwana wawe rushobora kugabanuka cyane, cyane cyane uko inzira z'inyongera zifunga mu minsi ya mbere nyuma yo kuvuka.

Uko igihe kigenda, pulmonary atresia itabonye ubuvuzi ishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi mu mubiri w'umwana wawe:

• Kubura ubushobozi bw'umutima kubera umutima ukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso
• Gutinda gukura no gutera imbere kubera kubura umwuka uhagije
• Ibyago byiyongereye by'amaraso akabana n'indwara yo mu bwonko
• Ibibazo by'impyiko kubera amaraso adahagije
• Kwibasirwa n'ubwonko kubera kubura umwuka
• Indwara zihoraho z'ubuhumekero

Nubwo hari ubuvuzi, bamwe mu bana bashobora guhura n'ibibazo by'igihe kirekire. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kubagwa inshuro nyinshi mu buto, gufata imiti ubuzima bwose, cyangwa kugira imipaka mu bikorwa. Ariko kandi, bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye, abana benshi bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bukora.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora gukumira ibyinshi muri ibyo bibazo. Uburyo bushya bwo kubaga byatumye ibyavuye mu buvuzi bw'abana bafite pulmonary atresia bigenda birushaho kuba byiza.

Pulmonary Atresia imenyekanwa gute?

Pulmonary atresia imenyekanwa kenshi mu minsi mike ya mbere umwana avutse igihe abana bagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubura umwuka uhagije. Muganga wawe azabanza kumva umutima w'umwana wawe kandi ashobora kumva amajwi adasanzwe agaragaza ikibazo cy'umutima.

Isuzuma nyamukuru rikoreshwa mu kumenya pulmonary atresia ni echocardiogram, ikoresha amajwi yo gukora amashusho y'umutima w'umwana wawe. Iki kizamini ntabwo kibabaza kandi kigaragariza abaganga imiterere y'umutima n'uburyo amaraso atemberamo. Echocardiogram ishobora kugaragaza neza niba umuvure wa pulmonary ufunzwe cyangwa utabaho.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibindi bizamini kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y'umutima w'umwana wawe. X-ray y'ibituza ishobora kugaragaza ubunini n'imiterere y'umutima n'imwijima. Electrocardiogram (ECG) ipima ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'umutima kandi ishobora kugaragaza niba umutima ukora cyane kurusha uko ukwiye.

Mu mimerere imwe, abaganga bashobora gukoresha cardiac catheterization, aho umuyoboro muto ushyirwa mu muyoboro w'amaraso ukayoborwa yerekeza ku mutima. Iki kizamini gitanga amakuru arambuye yerekeye imiterere y'amaraso n'umuvuduko uri mu mutima kandi rimwe na rimwe gishobora gukoreshwa mu buvuzi icyarimwe.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bwa Pulmonary Atresia?

Ubuvuzi bwa pulmonary atresia buhora busaba kubagwa, ariko igihe n'ubwoko byabyo biterwa n'uburwayi bw'umwana wawe n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso bye. Intego ni ukurema inzira y'amaraso yerekeza mu mwijima no kwemeza ko umwana wawe abona umwuka uhagije.

Abana benshi bakeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa kugira ngo bagumane ubuzima. Muganga wawe ashobora guha imiti yitwa prostaglandin E1 kugira ngo agumane imiyoboro y'amaraso ifunguye by'agateganyo. Iyi miti ifasha kugumana amaraso yerekeza mu mwijima kugeza igihe cyo kubagwa.

Uburyo bwo kubaga biterwa n'ubwoko bwa pulmonary atresia umwana wawe afite. Ku bana bafite igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima gifite ubunini busanzwe, abaganga bakunda kugerageza gukora ubuvuzi buzuye butuma igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima gitera amaraso mu mwijima uko bikwiye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gufungura umuvure ufunzwe no gufunga imyobo iri hagati y'ibice by'umutima.

Ku bana bafite igice cy'iburyo cy'umutima gito, ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo uburyo bwo kubaga bwitwa single ventricle palliation. Ibyo bikorwa byongera inzira y'amaraso kugira ngo igice kimwe cy'umutima gikore akazi k'ibice byombi, bikava ku gice cy'iburyo cy'umutima kitateye imbere.

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kuba bakeneye ibindi bikorwa uko bakura. Imivure y'umutima ishobora kuba ikenewe gusimbuzwa, kandi imiyoboro y'amaraso ishobora kuba ikenewe gusana cyangwa kwagura. Ikipe yawe yita ku mutima izakurikirana umwana wawe hafi kandi izatanga ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Uko watanga ubuvuzi bw'i mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?

Kwita ku mwana ufite pulmonary atresia mu rugo bisaba kwita ku byo akeneye byihariye, ariko ibintu byinshi byo kwitaho bisa n'ibyo umwana uwo ari we wese akeneye. Ugomba kwitondera ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umwana wawe atabona umwuka uhagije, nko kugira ibara ryera, kugira ikibazo cyo kunywa, cyangwa kunanirwa.

Kunywesha bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kandi bikaba bisaba kwihangana. Umwana wawe ashobora kunanirwa vuba mu gihe cyo kunywa, bityo ushobora kumuha ibiryo bike, bikunze kubaho. Niba kunywa amashereka bigoye, ikipe yawe yita ku buzima ishobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kunywa bujyanye n'ibyo umwana wawe akeneye.

Gufasha umwana wawe kugira amahoro n'ituze. Kurira cyangwa guhora arira bishobora kumugora kubona umwuka uhagije. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kumuhumuriza no kugumana ubushyuhe buhagije bishobora gufasha umwana wawe kugira amahoro.

Kugendera ku gahunda yawe y'imiti uko yategetswe. Abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bakeneye imiti ifasha umutima wabo gukora neza cyangwa gukumira amaraso akabana. Ntuzigere uca imiti cyangwa uhagarika imiti utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Kugendera ku bugenzuzi buhoraho ni ingenzi. Umwana wawe azakenera buri gihe kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akurikiranwe n'umutima we no gutegura ubuvuzi bw'igihe kizaza. Ibyo bisura bifasha kuvumbura impinduka hakiri kare kandi bikemerera umwana wawe gukura neza.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe?

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ufite. Biroroshye kwibagirwa ibibazo by'ingenzi igihe uhangayikishijwe n'umwana wawe, bityo kugira urutonde bifasha kwemeza ko ubonye amakuru ukeneye.

Komeza umubare w'ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe, harimo igihe bibaho n'uburemere bwabyo. Bandika impinduka mu buryo bwo kunywa, urwego rw'imbaraga, cyangwa ibara. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kumva uko umwana wawe ameze hagati y'ibisura.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose umwana wawe afata, harimo umunaniro n'igihe cyo kuyifata. Zanana kandi ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje cyangwa imyirondoro y'abandi baganga. Niba ari uruzinduko rwa mbere kuri speciliste mushya, kugira amateka yuzuye y'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe ni ingenzi cyane.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu ugushakira inkunga mu ruzinduko. Kugira undi muntu uri aho bishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no gutanga inkunga mu gihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Tegura ibibazo by'ingirakamaro ku bijyanye no kwita ku mwana wawe buri munsi, nko kuyobora kunywa, imipaka y'imbaraga, n'ibimenyetso by'akaga byo kwitondera. Kumva ibyo bintu bifasha kumva ufite icyizere cyo kwita ku mwana wawe mu rugo.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo kuri Pulmonary Atresia?

Pulmonary atresia ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima gisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, ariko ubuvuzi bw'umutima bugezweho, abana benshi bashobora kubaho ubuzima buzuye, bukora. Kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibyavuye mu buvuzi bibe byiza.

Nubwo urugendo rushobora kuba rurimo kubagwa inshuro nyinshi no kwitabwaho n'abaganga, abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bakura bagakora ibikorwa bisanzwe by'abana, bajya ku ishuri, kandi bakagera ku nzozi zabo. Ikipe yawe yita ku buzima izakorana nawe kugira ngo muremeza ejo hazaza heza cyane ku mwana wawe.

Wibuke ko nturi wenyine muri uru rugendo. Amakipe yita ku mitima y'abana arimo abahanga bamenya ibintu by'ubuvuzi n'iby'amarangamutima byo kwita ku bana bafite ibibazo by'umutima. Amatsinda y'inkunga n'andi miryango yanyuze muri uru rugendo ishobora kandi gutanga ubuyobozi n'inkunga by'agaciro.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Pulmonary Atresia

Pulmonary atresia ishobora kuvumburwa mbere y'uko umwana avuka?

Yego, pulmonary atresia rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuvumburwa mu bugenzuzi busanzwe bw'inda, cyane cyane mu mezi atatu ya kabiri yo gutwita hagati y'icyumweru cya 18-22. Ariko kandi, si ibyo byose biboneka mbere y'uko umwana avuka, kandi bamwe mu bana bavumburwa nyuma yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso nyuma yo kuvuka. Niba byavumbuwe mbere y'uko umwana avuka, muganga wawe azakujyana kwa cardiologue yita ku bana kandi azagufasha gutegura ukuvuka mu bitaro bifite ibikoresho byo guhita ufasha umwana wawe.

Umwana wanjye azashobora gukina imikino no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk'uko bikwiye?

Abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ariko urwego rw'imyitozo biterwa n'imikorere y'umutima wabo n'ibyavuye mu buvuzi. Cardiologue yita ku mwana wawe izakurikirana imikorere y'umutima we kandi izatanga amabwiriza yihariye ku myitozo ngororamubiri n'imikino. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kutagira imipaka, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye cyane. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga kugira ngo mubone urwego rw'imyitozo rukwiye ku mwana wawe.

Umwana wanjye azakenera kubagwa inshuro zingana gute?

Umunaniro w'ubuganga utandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa pulmonary atresia n'uko umwana wawe yakira ubuvuzi. Bamwe mu bana bafite imiterere myiza bashobora kuba bakeneye uburyo bumwe cyangwa bubiri gusa, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye kubagwa inshuro nyinshi mu buto no mu bukure. Ikipe yawe yita ku kubaga izakubwira gahunda y'ubuvuzi ishoboka ku mwana wawe, nubwo iyo gahunda ishobora guhinduka uko umwana wawe akura n'ibyo akeneye bigahinduka.

Ni ikihe kintu cy'igihe kirekire ku bana bafite pulmonary atresia?

Ibyavuye mu buvuzi byarushijeho kuba byiza mu myaka mike ishize kubera iterambere mu buryo bwo kubaga no mu buvuzi. Abana benshi bafite pulmonary atresia bakura bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe, bajya ku ishuri, bakora, ndetse bagira n'imiryango yabo. Ariko kandi, abenshi bazakenera gukurikiranwa n'abaganga ubuzima bwabo bwose kandi bashobora kuba bakeneye ibindi bikorwa nk'abakuze. Ibyerekeye umwana wawe biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubwoko bwa pulmonary atresia, uko kubagwa byagenze, n'ubuzima bwe muri rusange.

Iki kibazo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutwita kwa nyuma?

Niba ufite umwana umwe ufite pulmonary atresia, ibyago byo kubyara undi mwana ufite ikibazo cy'umutima ni byinshi kurusha uko bikwiye, ariko biracyari bike. Imiryango myinshi ifite umwana umwe ufite pulmonary atresia ikomeza kubyara abandi bana bafite imitima ikozwe neza. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kugisha inama ku bijyanye n'umurage kugira ngo agufashe kumva ibyago byawe n'ibintu nk'isuzuma ry'inda ryongerewe mu gutwita kwa nyuma.