Fibrose Ya Pulmona

Fibrose ya pulmoni ni umukene n'ubwinshi bw'umubiri buzunguruka kandi hagati y'umwanya w'umwuka witwa alveoli mu bihaha, nkuko bigaragazwa iburyo. Ihumekera ryiza rifite alveoli nzima rigaragazwa ibumoso.

Fibrose ya pulmoni ni indwara y'ibihaha ibaho iyo umubiri w'ibihaha wangiritse ukaba umukene. Uyu mubiri wakabije, ukomeye, bituma ibihaha bikora nabi. Fibrose ya pulmoni irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe gihita. Bamwe bashobora kuguma bahoraho igihe kirekire, ariko iyi ndwara irushaho kuba mbi vuba kurusha abandi. Uko irushaho kuba mbi, abantu barushaho guhumeka nabi.

Umukeba ubaho muri fibrose ya pulmoni ushobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Akenshi, abaganga n'abandi bakozi bo mu buvuzi ntibashobora kumenya icyateye ikibazo. Iyo impamvu idashobora kuboneka, iyi ndwara yitwa fibrose ya pulmoni idiopathic.

Fibrose ya pulmoni idiopathic ikunze kubaho mu bantu bakuze n'abakuze. Rimwe na rimwe fibrose ya pulmoni iboneka mu bana no mu bana bato, ariko si ikintu gisanzwe.

Akangirika k'ibihaha gaterwa na fibrose ya pulmoni ntibishobora gukosorwa. Imiti n'ubuvuzi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko wa fibrose, koroshya ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima. Kuri bamwe, gusimbuza ibihaha bishobora kuba amahitamo.

Ibimenyetso bya pulmonary fibrosis bishobora kuba birimo: Guhumeka nabi. Ukohoka kwumye. Umunaniro ukabije. Igihombo cy'uburemere kitateganijwe. Kubabara kw'imikaya n'amagufa. Kwaguka no kuringanira kw'intoki cyangwa amaguru, bizwi nka clubbing. Umuvuduko wa pulmonary fibrosis yiyongera uko igihe gihita n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Bamwe barwara vuba cyane bafite indwara ikomeye. Abandi bagira ibimenyetso bice bituma barushaho kuba bibi buhoro buhoro, mu mezi cyangwa imyaka. Mu bantu barwaye pulmonary fibrosis, cyane cyane idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, guhumeka nabi bishobora kwiyongera cyane mu byumweru bike cyangwa iminsi mike. Ibi bizwi nka acute exacerbation. Bishobora guhitana ubuzima. Impamvu ya acute exacerbation ishobora kuba ubundi burwayi cyangwa indwara, nko kwandura mu bihaha. Ariko ubusanzwe impamvu ntizwi. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya pulmonary fibrosis, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa undi muhanga wita ku buzima vuba bishoboka. Niba ibimenyetso byawe biri kuba bibi, cyane cyane niba biri kwihuta, hamagara itsinda ryita ku buzima bwawe ako kanya.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya pulmonary fibrosis, hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa undi wese ufasha mu bijyanye n'ubuzima vuba bishoboka. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye, cyane cyane niba bikomeye vuba, hamagara itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ako kanya. Kanda kuri "subscribe" ubuntu, maze ubone amakuru yerekeye ikuzimya ry'ibihaha ndetse na pulmonary fibrosis, ndetse n'ubumenyi ku buzima bw'ibihaha. Hitamo inzego

Pulmonary fibrosis ni uburwayi butera udukoba n'ukubyimbagira mu mwijima hagati y'utwo dukoba tw'imyuka mu muhogo twitwa alveoli. Izi mpinduka zituma oxygen itagira uburyo bworoshye bwo kujya mu maraso.

Akaga gakomereye mu muhogo gatera pulmonary fibrosis gashobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Urugero harimo kuba igihe kirekire umuntu yahuye n'uburozi runaka, imirasire, imiti imwe n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima. Mu bindi bihe, impamvu ya pulmonary fibrosis ntimenyekana.

Umurimo ukora n'aho ukora cyangwa uba utuye bishobora kuba impamvu cyangwa igice cy'impamvu ya pulmonary fibrosis. Kugira aho uhura buri gihe cyangwa kenshi n'uburozi cyangwa ibyuka byangiza - ibintu byangiza imiterere y'amazi, umwuka cyangwa ubutaka - bishobora kwangiza muhogo wawe, cyane cyane niba utambaye ibikoresho byo kwirinda. Urugero harimo:

• Umutobe w'umucanga.
• Imigozi ya azibestos.
• Umutobe w'amabuye akomeye.
• Umutobe w'ibiti, amakara n'ibinyampeke.
• Agakondo.
• Amashyira y'inyoni n'amatungo.

Bamwe mu bantu bahabwa imirasire mu gatuza, nko mu buvuzi bwa kanseri y'umuhogo cyangwa iya nyabondo, bagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'umuhogo nyuma y'amezi cyangwa rimwe na rimwe imyaka nyuma y'ubuvuzi. Umuvuduko w'akaga gashobora kuba uterwa na:

• Ingano y'umuhogo wahuye n'imirasire.
• Igipimo cyose cy'imirasire yahawe.
• Niba kandi hakoreshejwe chemotherapy.
• Niba hari indwara y'umuhogo.

Imiti myinshi ishobora kwangiza muhogo. Urugero harimo:

• Chemotherapy. Imiti igizwe yo kwica utubuto twa kanseri, nka methotrexate (Trexall, Otrexup, izindi), bleomycin na cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), ishobora kwangiza imikaya y'umuhogo.
• Imiti y'umutima. Imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo by'umutima, nka amiodarone (Nexterone, Pacerone), ishobora kwangiza imikaya y'umuhogo.
• Antibiotics zimwe. Antibiotics nka nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin) cyangwa ethambutol (Myambutol) zishobora kwangiza muhogo.
• Imiti irwanya ububabare. Imiti imwe irwanya ububabare nka rituximab (Rituxan) cyangwa sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) ishobora kwangiza muhogo.

Kwibasira kw'umuhogo bishobora kandi guterwa n'ibibazo byinshi, birimo:

• Dermatomyositis, indwara y'uburiganya irangwa n'intege nke z'imitsi n'uburwayi bw'uruhu.
• Lupus, indwara ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba igitero ku mitsi n'imigongo y'umubiri.
• Indwara ivangwa y'imikaya y'umubiri, ifite ibimenyetso by'indwara zitandukanye, nka lupus, scleroderma na polymyositis.
• Pneumonia, ubwandu butera kubyimbagira kw'utwo dukoba tw'imyuka mu muhogo umwe cyangwa bombi.
• Polymyositis, indwara y'uburiganya itera intege nke z'imitsi ku mpande zombi z'umubiri.
• Rheumatoid arthritis, indwara y'uburiganya igira ingaruka ku magufa n'ibindi bice by'umubiri.
• Sarcoidosis, indwara y'uburiganya ikunda kwibasira mu muhogo n'ingingo z'amaraso.
• Scleroderma, itsinda ry'indwara zidafite akamenyero zirimo gukomera no gukomera kw'uruhu ndetse n'ibibazo biri mu mubiri.

Ibinyabutabire n'ibibazo byinshi bishobora gutera pulmonary fibrosis. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kuri benshi, impamvu ntiboneka. Ariko ibintu byongera ibyago nko gutwika itabi cyangwa guhura n'umwuka mubi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'uburwayi, nubwo impamvu idashobora kwemezwa. Pulmonary fibrosis idafite impamvu izwi izwi nka idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Abantu benshi barwaye idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis bashobora kandi kugira indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux, izwi kandi nka GERD. Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo aside iva mu gifu igaruka mu munwa. GERD ishobora kuba ikintu cyongera ibyago bya idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cyangwa gutuma uburwayi buzamuka vuba. Ariko hakenekwa ubushakashatsi bwinshi.

Uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis bwasanzwe mu bana n'abana bato, ariko si bwo busanzwe. Uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis buterwa n'impamvu zitazwi bushobora cyane cyane kwibasira abantu bageze mu myaka y'ubukure n'abakuze. Ubundi bwoko bw'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis, nko buterwa n'indwara z'imiterere y'ingingo, bushobora kugaragara mu bantu bakiri bato.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis birimo:

• Ukoresha itabi. Niba ukoresha itabi ubu cyangwa wari usanzwe ukoresha itabi, ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis kurusha abantu batigeze bakoresha itabi. Abantu barwaye emphysema nabo bafite ibyago byinshi.
• Imikorere imwe n'imwe. Ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis niba ukora akazi ko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi cyangwa ubwubatsi. Ibyago binini kandi niba uhura buri gihe cyangwa kenshi n'ibintu byanduza bizwiho kwangiza imyanya y'ubuhumekero.
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri. Kugira ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire mu gituza cyangwa gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe yo kuvura kanseri bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis.
• Uburwayi bwo mu muryango. Ubundi bwoko bw'uburwayi bwa pulmoni ya fibrosis buhererekanywa mu miryango, bityo imyanya y'ababyeyi ishobora kugira uruhare.

Ingaruka z'indwara ya pulmonary fibrosis zishobora kuba:

• Gucika intege kw'uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima. Iyi ndwara ikomeye ibaho iyo icyumba cy'iburyo cy'umutima cyagombye gukora cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe kugira ngo gikure amaraso mu mitsi y'amaraso ya pulmona ifunze.
• Gucika intege kw'ubuhumekero. Ibi bikunze kuba intambwe ya nyuma y'indwara z'ibihaha zikomeye. Bibaho iyo urugero rw'oxygène mu maraso rugabanuka cyane.
• Cancer y'ibihaha. Pulmonary fibrosis imaze igihe kinini yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha.
• Ibindi bibazo by'ibihaha. Uko pulmonary fibrosis ikomeza gukomera uko iminsi igenda, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye nko gukumira amaraso mu bihaha, gucika intege kw'ibihaha cyangwa indwara z'ibihaha.

Mu gusuzuma indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko, muganga wawe cyangwa undi w'ubuvuzi areba amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ay'umuryango wawe, akakora isuzuma ngaruka. Ushobora kuvuga ibimenyetso byawe no kureba imiti ukoresha. Uzaba kandi usabwa kuvuga ku buri kintu cyangwa gusubiramo guhura n'umukungugu, imyuka, ibintu by'imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu nk'ibyo, cyane cyane binyuze mu kazi.

Mu gihe cy'isuzuma ngaruka, umukozi wawe wita ku buzima atega amatwi neza mu bihaha byawe mu gihe uhumeka. Indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko ikunze kuba hamwe n'ijwi ricicika mu mpande y'ibitotsi.

Ushobora kugira ibizamini bimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi.

• X-ray y'ibitotsi. Amashusho y'ibitotsi ashobora kwerekana umunyakazi usanzwe ari igice cy'indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko. Rimwe na rimwe X-ray y'ibitotsi ishobora kutagaragaza impinduka. Ibizamini byinshi bishobora kuba bikenewe kugira ngo umenye impamvu uhumeka nabi.
• Isuzuma rya tomogarafiya y'ikoranabuhanga (CT). Isuzuma rya CT rihuza amashusho ya X-ray yafashwe kuva mu mpande nyinshi kugira ngo habeho amashusho y'ibice biri mu mubiri. Isuzuma rya CT rifite umutekano mwinshi rishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko no kumenya ingano y'ibitotsi byangiritse. Ubwoko bumwe bw'indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko bufite imiterere runaka.

Bita kandi ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibitotsi, ibi bikorwa kugira ngo umenye uko ibihaha byawe bikora:

• Spirometry. Muri iki kizami, uhumeka vuba kandi cyane binyuze mu muyoboro uhujwe n'imashini. Imashini ipima umwuka ibihaha bishobora kubika n'umuvuduko umwuka ujyamo no kuva mu bihaha.
• Isuzuma ry'umubare w'umwuka mu bihaha. Iki kizami kipima umwuka ibihaha bifite mu bihe bitandukanye mu gihe uhumeka no guhumeka.
• Isuzuma ry'imikoranire y'umwuka mu bihaha. Iki kizami kigaragaza uko umubiri wimura ogisijeni na karubone diyoksidi hagati y'ibihaha n'amaraso.
• Pulse oximetry. Iki kizami cyoroshye gikoreshwa igikoresho gito gishyirwa ku kiganza kimwe kugira ngo kipime ogisijeni iri mu maraso. Igipimo cy'ogisijeni iri mu maraso bita saturation ya ogisijeni. Umukozi wawe wita ku buzima ashobora kugusaba kugenda iminota itandatu ukareba saturation ya ogisijeni yawe.
• Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'imyitozo. Isuzuma ry'imyitozo ku mashini yo kwiruka cyangwa igare rishobora gukoreshwa mu gukurikirana imikorere y'umutima n'ibitotsi mu gihe cy'imyitozo.
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso y'ingingo. Muri iki kizami, igice cy'amaraso, gisanzwe gifatwa mu ngingo yo mu kuboko, kipapimwa. Igipimo cy'ogisijeni na karubone diyoksidi biri muri icyo kigero bipimwa.

Uretse kugaragaza niba ufite indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko, amashusho n'ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibitotsi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura uko uhagaze igihe kirekire no kureba uko imiti ikora.

Niba ibindi bizamini bitashobora kubona impamvu y'uko uhagaze, igice gito cy'umubiri w'ibitotsi gishobora gukenerwa gukurwaho. Ibi bita biopsy. Igice cya biopsy kipapimwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara y'ibitotsi by'impyiko cyangwa hakurikizwe ibindi bibazo. Imwe muri iyi buryo ishobora gukoreshwa mu kubona igice cy'umubiri:

• Biopsy y'abaganga. Nubwo biopsy y'abaganga ari iy'ubuganga kandi ifite ibibazo bishoboka, ishobora kuba uburyo bwonyine bwo gukora ubuvuzi bwiza. Ubu buryo bushobora gukorwa nk'ubuvuzi buke cyane bwitwa ubuvuzi bwa thoracoscopic bukoreshwa videwo (VATS). Biopsy ishobora kandi gukorwa nk'ubuvuzi bufunguye bwitwa thoracotomy.

  Mu gihe cya VATS, umuganga ashyira ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi na kamera nto mu duce tubiri cyangwa dutatu duto hagati y'amagongo. Umuganga areba ibihaha kuri videwo mu gihe akuraho ibice by'umubiri w'ibihaha. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, imiti ihuriweho iguha ibitotsi nk'iby'ubushyuhe bita anesthesia rusange.

  Mu gihe cya thoracotomy, umuganga akuraho igice cy'umubiri w'ibitotsi binyuze mu gace gafunguye igituza hagati y'amagongo. Ubu buvuzi bufunguye kandi bukorwa hakoreshejwe anesthesia rusange.

• Bronchoscopy. Muri ubu buryo, ibice bito cyane by'umubiri bikurwaho - bisanzwe bitarenze umutwe w'umusego. Umuyoboro muto, woroshye witwa bronchoscope uca mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru mu bihaha kugira ngo ukureho ibice. Ibice by'umubiri rimwe na rimwe biba bito cyane kugira ngo hakorwe ubuvuzi bwiza. Ariko ubu buryo bwa biopsy bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibindi bibazo.

Biopsy y'abaganga. Nubwo biopsy y'abaganga ari iy'ubuganga kandi ifite ibibazo bishoboka, ishobora kuba uburyo bwonyine bwo gukora ubuvuzi bwiza. Ubu buryo bushobora gukorwa nk'ubuvuzi buke cyane bwitwa ubuvuzi bwa thoracoscopic bukoreshwa videwo (VATS). Biopsy ishobora kandi gukorwa nk'ubuvuzi bufunguye bwitwa thoracotomy.

Mu gihe cya VATS, umuganga ashyira ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi na kamera nto mu duce tubiri cyangwa dutatu duto hagati y'amagongo. Umuganga areba ibihaha kuri videwo mu gihe akuraho ibice by'umubiri w'ibihaha. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, imiti ihuriweho iguha ibitotsi nk'iby'ubushyuhe bita anesthesia rusange.

Mu gihe cya thoracotomy, umuganga akuraho igice cy'umubiri w'ibitotsi binyuze mu gace gafunguye igituza hagati y'amagongo. Ubu buvuzi bufunguye kandi bukorwa hakoreshejwe anesthesia rusange.

Bronchoscopy. Muri ubu buryo, ibice bito cyane by'umubiri bikurwaho - bisanzwe bitarenze umutwe w'umusego. Umuyoboro muto, woroshye witwa bronchoscope uca mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru mu bihaha kugira ngo ukureho ibice. Ibice by'umubiri rimwe na rimwe biba bito cyane kugira ngo hakorwe ubuvuzi bwiza. Ariko ubu buryo bwa biopsy bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibindi bibazo.

Ushobora kugira ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo urebe imikorere y'umwijima na nyirakuru. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kandi kugenzura no gukuraho ibindi bibazo.