Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo (Reactive Attachment Disorder): Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwo kudakunda kwishimira urukundo (RAD) ni uburwayi buke ariko bukomeye, aho abana bato bagorwa no kubaka umubano mwiza w’amarangamutima n’ababarera. Ibi bibaho iyo ibyo abana bakeneye by’ibanze, nko guhumurizwa, urukundo, no kwitabwaho, bitabonetse buri gihe mu mezi ya mbere n’imyaka ya mbere y’ubuzima bwabo.

Ubu burwayi busanzwe butangira mbere y’imyaka 5 kandi bugira ingaruka ku buryo abana bahuza n’abandi mu buzima bwabo bwose. Nubwo byumvikana bigoye, gusobanukirwa RAD bishobora gufasha imiryango kubona ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bukwiye kugira ngo abana bakire kandi bagire imibanire myiza.

Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo (Reactive Attachment Disorder) ni iki?

Uburwayi bwo kudakunda kwishimira urukundo buva aho inzira isanzwe yo guhuza umwana n’umurezi we w’ibanze ihungabana. Tekereza ku guhuza nk’ishingiro ry’amarangamutima rifasha abana kumva bakwiriye kandi bakundwa.

Iyo ishingiro rihindutse bitewe no kwirengagiza, ihohoterwa, cyangwa guhindura ababarera kenshi, abana bashobora kurwara RAD. Bigira uburyo bwo kwirinda binyuze mu kwirinda imibanire ya hafi, bishobora kugaragara nk’ukwikuramo mu marangamutima cyangwa, mu bindi bihe, imyitwarire y’ubucuti bwinshi n’abantu batazi.

Ubu burwayi butandukanye n’isoni zisanzwe cyangwa ibibazo byo kwihuza. Abana barwaye RAD bahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa kwirengagizwa byahinduye uburyo bagenda bagira imibanire n’uko bizera.

Ibimenyetso by’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya RAD bisanzwe bigaragara mu buryo bubiri nyamukuru, kandi kubimenya bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe ashobora kuba anyuramo. Iyi myitwarire ikunze kugaragara nk’igoye cyangwa itera impungenge ababyeyi n’ababarera.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda bugizwe na:

• Kugerageza guhumurizwa gake iyo bababaye cyangwa batuje
• Kugaragaza igisubizo gito iyo bahawe ihumure
• Kugaragara nk’abakozwe n’agahinda, bababaye, cyangwa badafite amarangamutima igihe kinini
• Kwima amatsiko cyangwa urukundo rw’umubiri
• Kugaragara nk’abatinya cyangwa bafite impungenge ku babarera nta mpamvu isobanutse
• Kudashubije mu bikorwa by’imibanire cyangwa imikino

Uburyo bwo kudakunda kwirinda bugira imyitwarire itandukanye ariko ikomeye kimwe:

• Kuba inshuti cyane n’abantu batazi cyangwa abantu bakuru batazi
• Gushaka ihumure n’ubwitabire kuva kuri uwo ari we wese, atari ababarera gusa
• Gutembera hatagaruka kubabyeyi
• Kugaragaza ubwitonzi buke mu bihe bishobora kuba bibi
• Kwitwara neza cyane n’abantu bahuye na bo

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo byo gutinda gutera imbere, kugorwa no gucunga amarangamutima, cyangwa ibibazo byo kurya no gusinzira. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umwana, kandi ibyo ubona bishobora guhinduka uko umwana wawe akura agakira.

Ubwoko bw’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni ubuhe?

Abahanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe bazi ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bwa RAD, buri bwoko bugaragaza uburyo butandukanye abana bahangana n’ibibazo by’imibanire yo mu bwana. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bishobora gufasha gusobanura imyitwarire yihariye y’umwana wawe.

RAD yo kwirinda igizwe n’abana baba barakozwe n’agahinda kandi birinda gushaka ihumure ku babarera. Aba bana bakunze kugaragara nk’abakozwe n’agahinda, batinya, cyangwa batagira amarangamutima, ndetse no kubabyeyi babakunda kandi babitaho.

RAD idakunda kwirinda igaragara nk’abana baba bafite imibanire idakwiye n’ubucuti n’abantu batazi. Nubwo ibi bishobora kugaragara neza, mu by’ukuri bigaragaza ko umwana ataramenya gutandukanya imibanire myiza n’imibanire mibi.

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso byombi mu bihe bitandukanye cyangwa mu mimerere itandukanye. Uburyo bwihariye bukunze kugaragara bitewe n’ibyo bahuye nabyo mu bwana n’imico yabo.

Intandaro z’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni izihe?

RAD iterwa n’aho abana bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye mu mibanire yabo yo mu bwana, mbere y’imyaka 2. Ubwonko bw’umuntu bwakozwe kugira ngo bubake iyo mibano ikomeye mu buto n’ubwangavu.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera RAD:

• Kwirengagiza bikomeye aho ibyo abana bakeneye by’ibanze, nko kurya, guhumurizwa, cyangwa kwitabwaho, bitabonetse buri gihe
• Guhindura ababarera kenshi, nko guhindura ahantu henshi ho kwitaho
• Ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, cyangwa iryo gukorakora n’ababarera
• Gutandukana n’ababyeyi igihe kirekire bitewe no kujya kwa muganga cyangwa izindi mpamvu
• Ababarera bafite ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mutwe, bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa badashobora kugaragaza amarangamutima
• Kwitabwaho mu bigo bifite abakozi benshi bahinduka kandi batita ku muntu ku giti cye

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko RAD iterwa no kwita ku mwana nabi bisanzwe cyangwa igihe kigufi cy’ibibazo. Icyo kibazo kigomba kuba gikomeye kandi gikomeza muri iyo myaka ya mbere y’ingenzi aho imikorere yo guhuza ihinduka.

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, abana bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara RAD bitewe n’imiterere y’umubiri igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwabo bwo kubaka imibanire, ariko ibintu by’ibidukikije ni byo bituma bibaho.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo?

Wagombye gutekereza ku bufasha bw’umwuga niba umwana wawe agaragaza imyitwarire ikomeye yo kudakunda kwishimira urukundo idakira uko igihe kigenda n’ubwitabire bw’urukundo. Izera icyo wumva niba hari ikintu kigaragara bitandukanye ku buryo umwana wawe ahura nawe n’abandi.

Shaka isuzuma niba umwana wawe akunze kwirinda guhumurizwa iyo ababaye, adakunda kuguha agaciro kurusha abantu batazi, cyangwa agasa n’ufite ubwoba bwinshi bwo kwegereza. Iyi myitwarire, cyane cyane niba ikomeje amezi menshi, ikeneye kwitabwaho n’umwuga.

Hamagara muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe w’abana niba ubona umwana wawe ari inshuti cyane n’abantu batazi, agaragaza ubwitonzi buke mu bihe bibi, cyangwa asa n’udashobora kubaka imibanire ya hafi.

Ntugatege amatwi niba umwana wawe afite amateka y’ibibazo byo mu bwana, guhindura ahantu henshi ho kwitaho, cyangwa kwirengagizwa bikomeye kandi ubu agaragaza ibibazo byo guhuza. Kugira ubufasha hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha abana kubaka imibanire myiza.

Ibyago byo kurwara Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kuba umwana yakwibasirwa na RAD, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibihamya ko uburwayi buzabaho. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya abana bashobora kuba bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye.

Ibyago bikomeye cyane birimo:

• Kujya mu bigo byita ku bana, cyane cyane bifite abakozi benshi bahinduka
• Guhindura ahantu henshi ho kwitaho mu buto cyangwa ubwana
• Kugira ababarera bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe bitavuwe nko kubabara cyane
• Kubana n’ababarera bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge kandi badashobora kugaragaza amarangamutima
• Guhura n’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri cyangwa amarangamutima kuva ku babarera
• Kuzalirwa n’ababyeyi bakiri bato cyangwa batateguye badafite ubufasha
• Kugira igihe kirekire cyo kujya kwa muganga gitandukanya umwana n’ababarera

Ibindi byago bike birimo kuvuka ufite ibibazo by’ubuzima bigoye guhuza, kugira ababarera bahuye n’ibibazo byo mu bwana, cyangwa kuba mu rugo rufite akavuyo gakabije.

Wibuke ko abana benshi bahura n’ibyo byago batarwara RAD, cyane cyane iyo babona urukundo, kwitabwaho buri gihe n’ubufasha kugira ngo bakire ibibazo byo mu bwana.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni izihe?

Utabonye ubuvuzi bukwiye, RAD ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeza bigira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’ubuzima bw’umwana n’iterambere rye. Izi ngaruka zishobora gukomeza kugeza mu bukuru niba zitavuwe neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zigizwe na:

• Gukora nabi mu kubaka ubucuti bwiza n’imibanire y’urukundo mu buzima
• Ibibazo byo gucunga amarangamutima no guhangana n’umunaniro
• Ibibazo byo kwiga bitewe no kugorwa no kwizera abarimu n’abayobozi
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara imihangayiko, agahinda, cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe
• Ibibazo by’imyitwarire harimo ubugome cyangwa ubugome
• Ubwizerwa buke n’ibyiyumvo byo kutagira umumaro
• Gukora nabi mu guteza imbere ubumuntu no gusobanukirwa amarangamutima y’abandi

Mu bihe bidafite akenshi, abana batavuwe RAD bashobora gukora ibikorwa bikomeye nko kwiba, kubeshya kenshi, cyangwa gukomeretsa inyamaswa. Bamwe bashobora kurwara ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa gukora ibyaha uko bakura.

Inkuru nziza ni uko, ubufasha bukwiye n’ubuvuzi, ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanuka cyane. Abana bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukira iyo bahawe urukundo, kwitabwaho buri gihe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo bushobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwiringira kwibanda ku kugaragaza ko abana babona kwitabwaho buri gihe, mu myaka ya mbere iyo imikorere yo guhuza ihinduka. Ibi bivuze guhaza ibyo bakeneye by’ibanze byo kwiringira, guhumurizwa, n’imibanire y’amarangamutima.

Ingamba nyamukuru zo kwirinda zigizwe no guha imibanire myiza yo kwitaho kuva ku ivuka, gusubiza vuba ku gutaka kw’uruhinja n’ibyo bakeneye, no kugira gahunda zihoraho zifasha abana kumva bakwiriye.

Ku bana bafite ibyago byinshi, nko bari mu kigo cyita ku bana, kwirinda bigizwe no kugabanya guhindura ahantu ho kwitaho, kugaragaza ko ababarera babona amahugurwa n’ubufasha, no guha ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi hakiri kare iyo habaye ibibazo.

Kwita ku babyeyi n’ababarera ni ingenzi kimwe. Ibi birimo kuvura ibibazo byo mu mutwe by’umubyeyi, guha ubufasha mu gufata ibiyobyabwenge iyo bikenewe, no guha ababyeyi inyigisho n’ubufasha mu miryango ifite ibibazo.

Iyo ibibazo byo mu bwana cyangwa guhungabana byamaze kubaho, ubufasha bwo kuvura hakiri kare bushobora gufasha kwirinda RAD cyangwa kuba ikomeye. Uko abana babona ubufasha hakiri kare, niko amahirwe yabo yo gutera imbere mu guhuza aba meza.

Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo bupimwa gute?

Kumenya RAD bisaba isuzuma rirambuye ryakozwe n’umuhanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe ufite ubunararibonye mu bibazo by’ubuzima bw’abana n’imibanire. Nta kizami kimwe gishobora kumenya ubu burwayi.

Inzira yo gupima isanzwe igizwe no kuganira birambuye n’ababarera ku mateka y’umwana, imyitwarire ye, n’imibanire. Umuhanga azashaka gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana yahuye nabyo mu myaka ye ya mbere y’ubuzima.

Kureba uko umwana ahura n’ababarera n’abantu batazi ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo gusuzuma. Umuhanga azareba imyitwarire n’imikorere yihariye yo guhuza igaragaza RAD.

Isuzuma rishobora kandi kuba ririmo ibizamini byo mu mutwe kugira ngo habeho gukuraho izindi ndwara nko gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwiga, ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe zishobora kugaragara nk’iza RAD.

Isuzuma ry’ubuzima rishobora kuba rikenewe kugira ngo habeho kumenya niba nta bibazo by’ubuzima bigira ingaruka ku myitwarire cyangwa iterambere ry’umwana. Inzira ishobora gufata ibyicaro byinshi kugira ngo ikusanye amakuru yose akenewe.

Ubuvuzi bw’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa RAD bugamije gufasha abana kubaka imibanire myiza yo guhuza no gukira ibikomere byo mu bwana. Uburyo busanzwe burambye kandi bugizwe n’umwana n’ababarera be.

Ubuvuzi bukoreshwa cyane bugizwe na:

• Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango bushingiye ku guhuza bufasha ababarera kumenya uburyo bwo kurera abana
• Ubuvuzi bw’imikino bufasha abana kugaragaza amarangamutima n’ibyo bahuye nabyo badashobora kuvuga
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bibazo byo mu mutwe kugira ngo habeho guhangana n’ibibazo byo mu bwana
• Ubuvuzi bw’imibanire y’ababyeyi n’abana bugisha uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza
• Ubuvuzi ku giti cye bw’umwana kugira ngo habeho guhangana n’ibibazo byo guhuza
• Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango kugira ngo habeho kunoza imikorere y’umuryango n’itumanaho

Mu bindi bihe, imiti ishobora gufasha mu ndwara zijyana nko guhangayika cyangwa agahinda, ariko nta muti uhari uvuza RAD ubwayo. Ibintu byibandwaho ni ubuvuzi n’uburyo bwo kubaka imibanire.

Gahunda zihariye zo kuvurirwa mu bigo bishobora kuba bikenewe ku bana bafite RAD ikomeye bataravuwe mu mavuriro. Izi gahunda zitanga ahantu hahuriweho, hakozwe neza hibandwa ku gukira mu guhuza.

Ubuvuzi bugira icyo bugeraho bukunze kugaragara bitewe no kugira ababarera bahoraho, biyemeje kwiga uburyo bushya bwo kurera no gukomeza kumva umwana mu nzira yo gukira, bishobora gufata amezi cyangwa imyaka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo mu gihe cy’Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo

Kuvura mu rugo bigizwe no guha ahantu heza, hahoraho aho gukira bishobora kubaho. Ibi bivuze kugira gahunda zihoraho no gusubiza umwana wawe ufite kwihangana no gusobanukirwa.

Ibanda ku kubaka icyizere binyuze mu bikorwa bito bya buri munsi aho kwitega kwegereza vuba. Tanga ihumure udatwaje, kandi wubahe ibyo umwana wawe akeneye byo kwikuramo mu marangamutima uhorana.

Komeza imipaka isobanutse, yoroheje ugatanga ibihano, bishobora kongera gutera ibikomere. Ahubwo, koresha ingaruka zisanzwe kandi ufashe umwana wawe gusobanukirwa aho ibikorwa n’ingaruka bihuriye.

Kora uburyo bwo guhuza neza binyuze mu bikorwa umwana wawe akunda, nubwo mu ntangiriro asa n’utitabira. Kwihangana mu kuba hafi no kwitaho ni ingenzi kurusha igisubizo cye cyihuse.

Witondere ibyo wumva kandi ushake ubufasha ku bandi babarera, abaganga, cyangwa amatsinda y’ubufasha. Kwita ku mwana arwaye RAD bishobora kuba bigoye cyane, kandi ukeneye ubufasha kugira ngo ube umunyabikorwa.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Witondere kujya kwa muganga ukusanya amakuru arambuye ku mateka y’umwana wawe, harimo ibibazo byo mu bwana, kwirengagiza, cyangwa guhindura ahantu ho kwitaho. Andika ibimenyetso byihariye by’imyitwarire ikomeye wabonye.

Zana inyandiko zose zishoboka zivuye ku babarera ba mbere, serivisi z’imibereho myiza, cyangwa abaganga. Aya makuru afasha umuhanga gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe yahuye nabyo n’ibibazo afite ubu.

Kora urutonde rw’ibibazo byihariye ku myitwarire y’umwana wawe, iterambere rye, n’impungenge zawe ku bushobozi bwe bwo kubaka imibanire. Hariho ibibazo ku bijyanye n’ubuvuzi n’icyo witeze.

Tegura kuzana umurezi w’umwana wawe cyangwa umukunzi we niba ari bo bafite uruhare mu kwita ku mwana wawe. Ibitekerezo byinshi bishobora gutanga ishusho yuzuye y’uko umwana akora.

Tegura kuvuga ibyo wumva n’ibibazo byawe nk’umurezi. Ibi ntabwo ari ukugukorera imanza ahubwo ni ukumenya imikorere y’umuryango no kugufasha neza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku Burwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo

RAD ni uburwayi bukomeye ariko bukavurwa butera abana bato guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye mu mibanire yabo yo mu bwana. Nubwo ingaruka zishobora kuba zikomeye, abana bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukira bafashijwe neza.

Kumenya hakiri kare no gufata ingamba bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugira icyo bigeraho. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’imyitwarire y’umwana wawe yo guhuza, ntutinye gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga ku bahanga basobanukiwe ibikomere byo mu bwana no guhuza.

Gukira bifata igihe, kwihangana, n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura bufite intego yo kubaka imibanire myiza. Ufite urukundo, kwitabwaho buri gihe n’ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bukwiye, abana barwaye RAD bashobora kubaka imikorere myiza yo guhuza.

Wibuke ko gukira bishoboka, kandi ntugomba kunyura muri uru rugendo wenyine. Imiryango myinshi imaze gufasha abana barwaye RAD kubaka imibanire myiza no gutsinda ingaruka z’ibikomere byo mu bwana.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku Burwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo

Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo bushobora gukira burundu?

Nubwo RAD ari uburwayi bukomeye, abana benshi bashobora kubaka imikorere myiza yo guhuza bafashijwe neza. “Gukira” burundu bitandukanye ukurikije umuntu, ariko iterambere rikomeye mu mibanire n’imikorere y’amarangamutima akenshi bishoboka ukoresheje kwitabwaho buri gihe, buzwi, igihe kirekire.

Uburwayi bwo Kudakunda Kwishimira Urukundo bumwe n’uburwayi bwo mu bwonko (autism)?

Oya, RAD na autism ni indwara zitandukanye, nubwo rimwe na rimwe zishobora kugaragara kimwe. RAD iterwa n’ibikomere byo mu mibanire yo mu bwana, mu gihe autism ari uburwayi bwo mu bwonko buva ku ivuka. Abana barwaye RAD basanzwe bafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ariko bagorwa no guhura n’ibyo bahuye nabyo mu bwana, mu gihe autism igizwe n’imikorere itandukanye y’ubwonko.

Abana bakuru cyangwa urubyiruko bashobora kurwara RAD?

RAD itera mu bwana, mbere y’imyaka 5. Ariko kandi, abana bakuru bahuye n’ibikomere byo mu bwana bashobora kugaragaza ibibazo byo guhuza bisa. Ibi bishobora kwitwa izindi ndwara nko guhangayika bitewe n’ibikomere cyangwa ibibazo byo kwihuza aho kuba RAD ubwayo.

Ubuvuzi bwa RAD busanzwe bufata igihe kingana gute?

Igihe ubuvuzi bufata gitandukanye cyane bitewe n’uburemere bw’ibikomere byo mu bwana, imyaka y’umwana igihe ubuvuzi butangiye, n’umutekano w’aho ababarera bari. Bamwe mu bana bagaragaza iterambere mu mezi make, mu gihe abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye imyaka myinshi y’ubufasha bwihariye kugira ngo babone imikorere myiza yo guhuza.

Abana barwaye RAD bashobora kubaka imibanire myiza?

Yego, bafashijwe neza, abana benshi barwaye RAD bashobora kwiga kubaka imibanire myiza. Ibi bifata igihe n’ubwitonzi, ariko abana benshi bakora ubucuti bwiza n’ababarera, inshuti, ndetse n’abakunzi uko bakira ibibazo byo mu bwana.