Virus ya Respiratory Syncytial (RSV) ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Ubuvuzi

Virus ya respiratory syncytial, izwi cyane nka RSV, ni virus isanzwe itera indwara z’ubuhumekero ikagira ingaruka ku mwijima n’inzira z’ubuhumekero. Hafi buri wese arwara RSV mu buzima bwe, kandi kuri benshi mu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza n’abana bakuze, yumvikana nk’ipfapfa ridasanzwe rikira ubwaryo.

Ariko, RSV ishobora kuba ikomeye ku bana bato, abana bakiri bato, n’abantu bakuru bamwe na bamwe bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri butameze neza. Iyi virus yiswe uko kuko itera ko uturemangingo two mu buhumekero twihuza, ariko ntukeneye guhangayika no gusobanukirwa amakuru y’ubuhanga kugira ngo uyicungire neza.

RSV ni iki?

RSV ni virus igenda cyane cyane mu buhumekero, harimo izuru, umunwa, n’imwijima. Iramenyekanye cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba ukuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu matonyanga iyo umuntu akohose cyangwa agasetsa.

Iyi virus isanzwe itera ibimenyetso nk’iby’ipfapfa mu bantu benshi. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri busanzwe buhangana na RSV neza, kandi ukira mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Tekereza ko ari uburyo ubwoko bw’ubuhumekero bwawe buhura na virusi isanzwe imaze imyaka myinshi.

Icyatuma RSV iba ikomeye ni igihe ibaho n’abo igiraho ingaruka cyane. Iyi virus ifite igihe cyayo, isanzwe iboneka mu gihe cy’igugu n’icy’itumba. Nubwo ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri buri wese, isanzwe itera impungenge cyane mu bana bato cyane n’abakuze.

Ibimenyetso bya RSV ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya RSV bisanzwe bigaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’imyaka yawe n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Mu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza n’abana bakuze, ushobora kutamenya ko ufite RSV aho kuba ipfapfa risanzwe.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Izuru ritemba cyangwa rifunze
• Ukohoka guke gushobora gukomeza
• Ubushyuhe buke (busanzwe buri munsi ya 101°F)
• Kubabara mu muhogo
• Kubabara mu mutwe guke
• Kumva utameze neza cyangwa unaniwe

Mu bana bato n’abana bakiri bato, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara bitandukanye kandi bikaba biteye impungenge. Abana bato bashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso nko kugira ikibazo cyo konsa, guhora bararira mu buryo budasanzwe, cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo bumva.

Bamwe mu bana bato bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye nko guhumeka vuba cyangwa bigoranye, guhumeka umwuka mu buryo buteye ubwoba, cyangwa inkorora idashira. Niba ubona umwana ameze nk’aho aryamye cyane, agira ikibazo cyo kurya, cyangwa agaragaza ikibazo cyo guhumeka, ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Icyateza RSV?

RSV iterwa na virusi yihariye ibarizwa mu muryango witwa paramyxoviruses. Iyi virusi iranduza cyane kandi ikwirakwira binyuze mu matonyanga yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu wanduye akose, akorora, cyangwa aganira.

Ushobora kwandura RSV mu buryo butandukanye. Ubwo buryo busanzwe ni ukubana hafi n’amatonyanga ava ku muntu wanduye. Ibi bibaho iyo uri hafi y’umuntu ukorora cyangwa ukora, cyangwa iyo ukoze ku bintu byanduye virusi hanyuma ukikoza mu maso.

Virusi ishobora kuba ku bintu igihe kingana n’amasaha, bituma byoroshye kuyikura ku mifuko y’amadirishya, ibikinisho, cyangwa ibindi bintu byafatwa na benshi. Iyo RSV yinjiye mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu maso, itangira kwiyongera mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.

Icy’ingenzi kuri RSV ni uko ushobora kuyandura inshuro nyinshi mu buzima bwawe. Umubiri wawe ntabwo ugira ubudahangarwa buhoraho nyuma yo kwandura rimwe, nubwo kwandura nyuma bisanzwe bigenda bigabanuka ugereranyije n’ubwandu bwa mbere.

Iyo ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera RSV?

Ku bantu bakuze bakomeye n’abana bakuze, RSV ntisaba kuvurwa kwa muganga kandi ushobora kuyivura mu rugo nk’uko wakwitwara ku ndwara ya grippe. Ariko kandi, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisaba ubuvuzi bwa muganga.

Wagomba kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba ufite umuriro mwinshi udahera, ugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye cyane nyuma yo gutangira kugenda neza. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka cyangwa indwara y’ubwandu bundi.

Ku bana bato n’abana bakiri bato, ikigero cyo gushaka ubuvuzi kiri hasi cyane. Hamagara muganga w’abana niba umwana uri munsi y’amezi 12 agaragaza ibimenyetso byo guhumeka nabi, yanga kurya, agahinda cyane, cyangwa akagaragara afite umunaniro udasanzwe.

Ibimenyetso byihariye by’umubabaro bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze harimo guhumeka vuba, guhumeka bikomerera, uruhu rukurura hafi y’amaguru mugihe uhumeka, cyangwa ibara ry’ubururu ku minwa cyangwa ku misumari. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko virusi igira ingaruka ku guhumeka bikomeye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura RSV?

Nubwo uwo ari we wese ashobora kwandura RSV, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikongera ibyago byo kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ingaruka. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Imyaka ikina uruhare runini mu gukomera kwa RSV. Abana bari munsi y’amezi 6 bafite ibyago byinshi kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura kandi inzira zabo z’ubuhumekero ari nto cyane. Abana bavutse batarageza igihe cyabo cyane cyane barahangayikishijwe kuko ibihaha byabo bishobora kutarangira gutera imbere.

Ubuzima bumwe na bumwe bwongera ibyago byo kugira RSV ikomeye:

• Indwara z’ibihaha zidakira nk’asthme cyangwa COPD
• Indwara z’umutima, cyane cyane indwara z’umutima zivuka
• Ubudahangarwa buke buturuka ku miti cyangwa ku ndwara
• Indwara z’imitsi zifata ubuhumbe
• Sindwome cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ibinyabuzima

Ibintu by’ibidukikije na byo biba byiza. Abana bari mu bigo by’abana, abafite abavandimwe bakuru, cyangwa imiryango iba mu bice byuzuye bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Byongeye kandi, kuba hafi y’itabi bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya RSV bikomeza.

Abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira RSV ikomeye, cyane cyane niba bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima. Ihuriro ry’imyaka n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bishobora gutuma umubiri wawe udashobora kurwanya virusi neza.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za RSV?

Abantu benshi barakira RSV nta kibazo gihoraho, ariko virus rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye. Izi ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kugaragara cyane ku bana bato cyane, ku bakuze, no ku bantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima.

Ingaruka ikunze kugaragara ni bronchiolite, ari yo kwangirika kw’inzira nto z’ubuhumekero mu bihaha. Ibi bishobora gutera ikibazo cyo guhumeka bikaba byanasaba kujyanwa mu bitaro, cyane cyane ku bana bakiri bato. Kubyimbagira gutera izi nzira nto kubyimbagira no kuzura umusemburo.

Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuba:

• Pneumonia, ari yo kwandura no kubyimbagira kw’ibihaha
• Gukomera guhumeka bisaba imashini yo gufasha guhumeka
• Kuma kubera kudafata ifunguro neza ku bana bakiri bato
• Kuzamuka kw’ibibazo byari bisanzwe biriho nka aasma cyangwa indwara y’umutima
• Kwandura kwa kabiri kw’ibyorezo by’ubwandu kubera ubudahangarwa buke

Mu bihe bitoroshye, RSV ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye cyane nko kunanirwa guhumeka cyangwa pneumonia ikomeye isaba kwitabwaho cyane. Izi ngaruka zikomeye zikunze kugaragara ku bana bavutse batarageza igihe, abana bafite ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa ibihaha, n’abantu bakuze bafite ubudahangarwa buke cyane.

Kugira RSV mu buto bwa mbere bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara aasma nyuma yaho, nubwo abashakashatsi bagikora ubushakashatsi kuri iyi mibanire. Inkuru nziza ni uko, hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barakira neza ndetse no mu gihe cy’indwara ikomeye ya RSV.

RSV irashobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo utazibuza burundu kwandura RSV, ushobora gufata ingamba nyinshi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuyandura cyangwa kuyikwirakwiza ku bandi. Imyitwarire myiza y’isuku niyo shingiro ryo gukumira RSV.

Kwoza intoki niyo ntwaro yawe nziza yo kurwanya RSV. Kwoza intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune byibuze amasegonda 20, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuba ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, mbere yo kurya, no nyuma yo gukorora cyangwa guhisha. Niba udafite isabune, koresha isabune y’intoki ifite byibuze 60% ya alcool.

Ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda bugira akamaro bukubiyemo:

• Kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye
• Kwirinda gushyira intoki mu maso, cyane cyane mu mazuru no mu kanwa
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu buri gihe, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya RSV
• Guhora mu rugo igihe urwaye kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza virusi
• Kwikingira umunwa cyangwa izuru mu gihe ugiye gukorora cyangwa guhisha

Ku miryango ifite abana bato bafite ibyago byinshi, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ibindi bintu by’umwihariko mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya RSV. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugabanya ababasura, kwirinda ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi, no kwitondera cyane isuku. Bamwe mu bana bavutse batarageza igihe cyangwa abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima runaka bashobora guhabwa inshinge z’anticorps zikurinda buri kwezi mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya RSV.

Niba utwite, kuguma ufite ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda RSV bishobora gufasha kurinda umwana wawe. Anticorps yawe ishobora kujya mu mwana wawe kandi ikamuha uburinzi mu mezi ye ya mbere y’ubuzima.

RSV imenyekana ite?

Kumenya RSV bikunze gutangira muganga wawe akubajije ibimenyetso byawe akakora isuzuma rusange. Mu bihe byinshi, cyane cyane ku bana bakuze n’abantu bakuru bafite ibimenyetso bito, muganga wawe ashobora kumenya RSV hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’igihe cy’umwaka.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza, hari ibizamini bitandukanye biboneka. Icyamamare ni igipimo cyo gupima mu mazuru, aho muganga wawe akoresha agatambakazi gato mu mazuru yawe kugira ngo akusanye icyitegererezo. Icyo kintu cyo gupima kizamurwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi ya RSV.

Ibizamini byihuse bya antijene bishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu masaha make, mu gihe ibizamini byimbitse bya PCR bishobora gufata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri ariko bikaba byizewe kurushaho. Muganga wawe azahitamo igipimo gikwiye hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe, imyaka yawe, n’ibyago ufite.

Mu bimwe mu bihe, cyane cyane iyo hakekwa ko hari ingaruka, umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugusaba ko wakora ibizamini byiyongereye. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo X-ray y’amabere kugira ngo barebe ko nta pneumoni, ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo barebe ko nta bimenyetso by’indwara, cyangwa pulse oximetry kugira ngo bapime urugero rw’umwuka mu maraso yawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa RSV ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa RSV bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso no gushyigikira umubiri wawe mu gihe urwanya virusi. Nta muti runaka uwo ari wo wose uvura RSV, ariko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe busanzwe bugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukuraho iyi ndwara.

Ku bantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje bya RSV, ubuvuzi bumeze kimwe no kuvura ibicurane. Ibi birimo kuruhuka bihagije, kuguma wisukura amazi, no gukoresha imiti igurishwa mu maduka kugira ngo ubone uko ugenzura umuriro n’ububabare niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ubuvuzi bukomeye kurushaho bushobora kuba ngombwa mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa ku bantu bari mu kaga. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kujyanwa mu bitaro kugira ngo bakurikirane uko uhagaze kandi bagushyigikire
• Ubuvuzi bw’umwuka niba uhumeka bigoye
• Amazi atangwa mu mitsi kugira ngo wirinde gucika amazi
• Ubuvuzi bw’ubuhumekero kugira ngo bufashe gufungura inzira z’ubuhumekero
• Mu bihe bitoroshye, imashini ihumekesha ku bantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka

Ku bana bato bamwe na bamwe bari mu kaga, abaganga bashobora gutekereza ku miti runaka nka ribavirin, nubwo ibi bigenewe abafite ibibazo bikomeye cyane. Icyemezo cyo gukoresha iyi miti gishingira ku bintu byinshi kandi bisaba ko harebwa neza inyungu n’ingaruka.

Abantu benshi batangira kumva barwaye mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, nubwo ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe nko gukorora bishobora gukomeza igihe kirekire. Umuvuzi wawe azakurikirana uko uhagaze kandi akosore ubuvuzi uko bibaye ngombwa.

Uko wakwitwara muri RSV iwanyu?

Kwita kuri RSV mu rugo bigamije guhumuriza no gushyigikira uburyo bw’umubiri wawe bwo kwivura. Intego ni ugufasha kumva wishimye mu gihe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bukora akazi ko kurwanya virusi.

Iruhuko ni ingenzi mu gukira RSV. Ha umubiri wawe imbaraga ukeneye kurwanya iyi ndwara, ubone ibitotsi bihagije kandi wirinda imirimo ikomeye. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe, uburuhukire igihe wumva unaniwe.

Kuguma wisukura bifasha gukuramo ubuheri kandi bikarinda kukama. Nywa amazi menshi nka amazi asanzwe, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa amasupu meza. Ku bana banywa amashereka cyangwa amata mu macupa, bahe ibiryo bike bikunze kugira ngo bakomeze bisukure.

Gucunga ubuheri bishobora kugufasha guhumeka neza:

• Koresha igikoresho cyongera ubuhehere mu kirere cyangwa uhumeke umwuka ushyushye uva mu mvura ishyushye
• Amazi ya saline yo mu mazuru ashobora gufasha gukuramo ubuheri, cyane cyane ku bana bato
• Gukuramo ubuheri mu mazuru y’umwana hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gukurura ubuheri
• Guhagarara umutwe mu gihe cyo kuryama bishobora kugufasha mu guhangana n’ubuhero

Imiti igurwa mu maduka ishobora gufasha gucunga ibimenyetso ku bana bakuru n’abakuze. Acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen bishobora kugabanya umuriro n’ububabare. Ariko rero, ntugahe umwana aspirine, kandi buri gihe ujye ubanza kubimenyesha muganga wawe mbere yo guha umwana muto imiti.

Kora isuzuma ry’ibimenyetso byawe neza kandi ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba uhangayikishijwe n’ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kugira icyo ugeraho mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi ukaba utanze amakuru muganga wawe akeneye kugira ngo akwiteho neza.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye. Fata mo amakuru yerekeye uburemere bwabyo, icyatuma ibimenyetso bigenda cyangwa bikomeza, n’imiterere yabyo wabonye. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti igurwa mu maduka, imiti y’inyongera, n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura wakoresheje. Muganga wawe akeneye kumenya byose kugira ngo birinde imiti ivangavanze kandi asuzume icyakoranye.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza umuvuzi wawe:

• Ugomba gutegereza igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ibimenyetso bikire?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’umubabaro bikwiye gutuma uhabwa ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa?
• Hariho ibikorwa ugomba kwirinda?
• Uzagarukira ryari ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri?
• Wabigenza ute kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza RSV ku bandi?

Niba ujyanye umwana mu buvuzi, gerageza kumutegura igihe ameze neza, niba bishoboka. Muzanire ibintu bimuhumuriza nka gakondo cyangwa umwenda akunda kugira ngo yumve afite amahoro mu gihe cy’isuzuma.

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa incuti, cyane cyane niba wumva utameze neza. Bazagufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no kugufasha mu gihe cy’isura.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo kuri RSV?

RSV ni virusi isanzwe cyane itera indwara z’ubuhumekero, abantu benshi bazahura nayo mu buzima bwabo. Ku bana bakuze n’abantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza, itera ibimenyetso nk’iby’umwijima bikira ubwabyo binyuze mu kuruhuka no kwitaho.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo gusobanukirwa ni uko RSV ishobora kuba ikomeye ku matsinda amwe, cyane cyane abana bato n’abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima, ariko abantu benshi barakira neza nta bibazo.

Kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi ni ingenzi mu guhangana na RSV neza. Isuku myiza, cyane cyane gukaraba intoki kenshi, biguma ari intwaro yawe ikomeye yo kurwanya RSV. Niba urwaye, shyira imbaraga mu kuruhuka, kunywa amazi ahagije, no kuvura ibimenyetso mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya virusi.

Wibuke ko RSV ifite ibihe byayo, ikunze kugaragara mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy’itumba. Kumenya ibi bihe bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba z’ubwirinzi mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya RSV, cyane cyane niba witaye ku bana bato cyangwa ufite ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye.

Ibibazo byakunze kubazwa kuri RSV

Abantu bakuru bashobora kwandura RSV?

Yego, abantu bakuru barashobora kwandura RSV, kandi ni ikintu gisanzwe. Abantu bakuru bakomeye benshi barayirwara nk’igicurane gito, ikigaragara mu bimenyetso nko guhumeka amazuru, inkorora, n’umuriro muke. Ariko kandi, abantu barengeje imyaka 65 cyangwa abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima nk’igicurane, indwara z’umutima, cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi.

RSV imara igihe kingana iki?

Ibimenyetso bya RSV bisanzwe bimara iminsi 7-14 mu bantu benshi. Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bitangira buhoro buhoro, bikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku munsi wa 3-5, hanyuma bigakira buhoro buhoro. Ariko kandi, ibimenyetso bimwe nko gukomeza gukorora bishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi nyuma y’aho ibindi bimenyetso bikize. Abana bato n’abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bimara igihe kirekire.

Ese RSV irwandura kandi imara igihe kingana iki?

RSV irwandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira binyuze mu matonyanga yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu akohose cyangwa agasetsa. Abantu baba bandura cyane mu minsi mike ya mbere y’uburwayi iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye. Muri rusange, ushobora kwanduza RSV mu gihe cy’iminsi 3-8, nubwo abana bato n’abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kuba bandura kugeza ku ndwi 4.

Wabona RSV incuro nyinshi?

Yego, ushobora kwandura RSV incuro nyinshi mu buzima bwawe kuko umubiri wawe utabona ubudahangarwa buhoraho nyuma yo kuyirwara. Ariko kandi, kwandura ukundi bisanzwe biba byoroheje kurusha ubwa mbere, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuru bakomeye n’abana bakuru. Ni yo mpamvu RSV isanzwe ikomeye cyane mu bana bato cyane batari barayirwara mbere.

Ni iki gitandukanya RSV n’igicurane gisanzwe?

RSV na ibicurane bisanzwe bishobora kumera kimwe cyane, cyane cyane mu bana bakuze n’abakuze. Byombi biterwa n’amazuru arimo amazi, inkorora, n’umuriro muke. Itandukaniro nyamukuru ni uko RSV ifite igihe cyayo cy’umwaka (igitumba n’imbeho), ishobora gutera inkorora iramba, kandi ikaba ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwibasira umutima w’ubuhumekero. Mu bana bato, RSV ifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka ugereranije n’ibicurane bisanzwe.