Virus Iterakorana Ry'Ubuhumekero (Rsv)

Virus ya syncytial y'ubuhumekero (RSV) itera indwara z'ibihaha n'inzira z'ubuhumekero. Ikunda kugaragara cyane ku buryo abana benshi baba barayanduye mbere y'imyaka 2. Virus ya syncytial y'ubuhumekero (sin-SISH-ul) ishobora no kwandura abantu bakuru.

Ku bantu bakuru n'abana bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza, ibimenyetso bya virus ya syncytial y'ubuhumekero (RSV) biba bito kandi bisanzwe bisa n'ibimenyetso by'umwijima usanzwe. Ubusanzwe, ingamba zo kwita ku buzima bwite ni zo zikenewe kugira ngo hagaruke ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose.

RSV ishobora guteza indwara ikomeye kuri bamwe, harimo abana bari munsi y'amezi 12 (impinja), cyane cyane abana bavutse batararangira, abakuze, abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima n'ibihaha, cyangwa uwo ari we wese ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke (immunocompromised).

Ibishimisho n'ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi ine kugeza kuri itandatu nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Mu bakuru n'abana bakuru, RSV itera ibimenyetso nk'iby'umwijima, bikaba bishobora kuba birimo:

• Izuru rifunze cyangwa ritemba
• Ukohoka kwumye
• Ubushyuhe buke
• Kubabara mu mazuru
• Gusinzira
• Kubabara umutwe

Virus ya syncytial y'ubuhumekero yinjirira mu mubiri binyuze mu maso, mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa. Ikwirakwira cyane mu kirere ku mitsi yanduye y'ubuhumekero. Wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kwandura iyo umuntu urwaye RSV akohose cyangwa agasetsa hafi yawe. Virusi nanone igera ku bandi binyuze mu guhuza imbonankubone, nko gutabarana.

Virusi ishobora kubaho amasaha menshi ku bintu bikomeye nka konteri, imirongo y'igitanda cy'abana n'ibikinisho. Kora ku kanwa kawe, ku mazuru cyangwa mu maso nyuma yo gukora ku kintu cyanduye kandi birashoboka ko uzayifata.

Umuntu wanduye aba ari we wanduza cyane mu cyumweru cya mbere cyangwa igihe gito nyuma yo kwandura. Ariko mu bana bato n'abafite ubudahangarwa buke, virusi ishobora gukomeza gukwirakwira na nyuma y'aho ibimenyetso byavuyeho, igihe kigera ku ndwi enye.

Mbere y’imyaka 2, abana benshi baba baranduye virusi ya respiratory syncytial, ariko bashobora kuyandurayo incuro nyinshi. Abana bajya mu bigo byita ku bana cyangwa bafite abavandimwe biga mu ishuri bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura no kongera kwandura. Igihe cy’icyorezo cya RSV — aho ibyorezo bisanzwe biba — ni umwaka kugera mu mpeshyi.

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura RSV bikomeye cyangwa rimwe na rimwe bigatera urupfu barimo:

• Abana bato, cyane cyane abana bavutse batararangira cyangwa abana bafite amezi 6 cyangwa munsi yayo
• Abana bafite indwara z’umutima ziriho kuva bavutse (indwara z’umutima zivuka) cyangwa indwara z’ibihaha zidakira
• Abana cyangwa abakuze bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buterwa n’indwara nka kanseri cyangwa imiti nka chimiothérapie
• Abana bafite ibibazo by’imitsi, nka muscular dystrophy
• Abakuze bafite indwara z’umutima cyangwa iz’ibihaha
• Abakuze, cyane cyane abafite imyaka 65 n’irenga

Ingaruka z'icyorezo cya respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) zirimo:

• Kuvurirwa mu bitaro. Ubwandu bukomeye bwa RSV bushobora gusaba ko umuntu arwarira mu bitaro kugira ngo abaganga bamukurikirane kandi bavure ibibazo byo guhumeka, ndetse banamuhe amazi mu buryo bwa intraveneu (IV).
• Pneumonia. RSV ni yo ntandaro ikunze kugaragara y'uburwayi bw'impyiko (pneumonia) cyangwa inzira z'ubuhumekero mu mpyiko (bronchiolitis) mu bana bato. Izi ngaruka zishobora kubaho iyo virusi ikwirakwira mu nzira z'ubuhumekero zo hasi. Kubyimbagira kw'impyiko bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane mu bana bato, abana bakiri bato, abakuze, abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, cyangwa abafite indwara z'umutima cyangwa iz'impyiko zidakira.
• Uburwayi bw'amatwi yo hagati. Iyo mikrobbi yinjiye mu gice kiri inyuma y'agakira k'amatwi, ushobora kurwara uburwayi bw'amatwi yo hagati (otitis media). Ibi bikunze kubaho cyane mu bana bato n'abana bakiri bato.
• Asthme. Hashobora kubaho isano hagati y'ubwandu bukomeye bwa RSV mu bana n'amahirwe yo kurwara asthme nyuma y'imyaka.
• Ubwandu busubiramo. Iyo umaze kwandura RSV, ushobora kongera kuyandura. Bishoboka ko byaba mu gihe kimwe cya RSV. Ariko, ibimenyetso ntibikunze kuba bikomeye — ubusanzwe biba nk'umwijima usanzwe. Ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye mu bantu bakuze cyangwa mu bantu bafite indwara z'umutima cyangwa iz'impyiko zidakira.

Virus iterakorana ry'ubuhumekero rishobora kwandura umuntu uwo ari we wese. Ariko abana bavutse batararangira n'abana bato, ndetse n'abakuze, bafite indwara z'umutima cyangwa z'ibihaha cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura bikomeye.

Muganga wawe ashobora guketereza icyorezo cya respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hashingiwe ku bisubizo by’isuzuma ngororamubiri n’igihe cy’umwaka ibimenyetso bigaragara. Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, muganga azakora isuzuma ry’ibihaha akoresheje stethoscope kugira ngo arebe niba hari ikibazo cy’umwuka mu bihaha cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe.

Ibizamini byo muri Laboratwari n’iby’amashusho ntabwo bikenewe ubusanzwe. Ariko, bishobora gufasha mu gusobanukirwa neza icyorezo cya respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cyangwa gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa. Ibizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo harebwe umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yera cyangwa gushaka virusi, bagiteri n’izindi mikorobe
• Amashusho y’ibihaha kugira ngo harebwe ububabare bw’ibihaha
• Gupima ibintu bivuye mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso bya virusi
• Pulse oximetry, igikoresho gipima umwuka mu ruhu, kugira ngo harebwe niba hari igipimo cy’umwuka mu maraso kiri hasi y’ibisanzwe

Ubuvuzi bwa virusi ya respiratory syncytial virus busanzwe burimo uburyo bwo kwita ku mwana wawe kugira ngo yumve neza (ubuvuzi bwo gutera inkunga). Ariko, kwitabwa kwa muganga bishobora kuba bikenewe niba ibimenyetso bikomeye bibaye.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka imiti igurwa mu iduka idafite ibyangombwa by'abaganga nka acetaminophen (Tylenol, izindi) kugira ngo igabanye umuriro. (Ntuzigere uha umwana aspirine.) Gukoresha amavuta ya saline mu mazuru no kuyasukura bishobora gufasha mu gukuraho ibinini mu mazuru. Muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti ya antibiyotike niba hari ikibazo cy'ubwandu bwa bagiteri, nka pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri.

Komeza utuze umwana wawe uko bishoboka kose. Muhe amazi ahagije kandi ube maso ku bimenyetso byo kubura amazi mubiri (kukama), nko kumva umunwa wumye, kunyara gato cyangwa kutayanyara, amaso y'inzara, no guhora arira cyangwa gusinzira cyane.

Niba ubwandu bwa RSV bukomeye, gusinzira mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa. Ubuvuzi mu bitaro bushobora kuba burimo:

Inhaler (bronchodilator) cyangwa steroide ntibyagaragaye ko bifasha mu kuvura ubwandu bwa RSV.

• Amazi atangwa mu mitsi (IV)
• Ogijeni ifite ubushuhe
• Imashini yo guhumeka (mechanical ventilation), mu bihe bitoroshye

Ntabwo ushobora kugabanya igihe cy'indwara y'agakoko ka respiratory syncytial virus, ariko ushobora kugerageza kugabanya ibimenyetso n'ibibazo.

Iyo umwana wawe arwaye RSV, gerageza umuhumurize cyangwa umutere ubwoba - mwiyambagire, musome igitabo cyangwa mukine umukino utuje. Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya ibimenyetso ni:

• Koresha umwuka ushyushye. Komereza icyumba gishyushye ariko kitarenze urugero. Niba umwuka ari umye, imashini ishyushya umwuka ukonje cyangwa vaporizer ishobora gutuma umwuka uba mwiza kandi igatuma umunaniro n'inkorora bigabanuka. Menya neza ko ukomeza imashini ishyushya umwuka isukuye kugira ngo wirinde ubwandu bwa bagiteri n'ibinyampeke.
• Nywa amazi. Komeza konsa umwana wawe cyangwa umuhe amata nk'uko bisanzwe. Ku bana bakuru n'abakuze, komeza ube ufite amazi akonje ahafi y'igitanda. Muhe amazi ashyushye, nka sopi, bishobora gufasha gukuraho ibinure by'ibinyampeke. Icyatsi cy'amazi gishobora kandi guhumuriza.
• Gerageza amazi yo mu mazuru ya saline. Amazi yo mu mazuru yo kugura mu maduka ni uburyo butekanye kandi bugira akamaro mu kugabanya umunaniro, ndetse no ku bana bato. Kurikiza inama z'umuganga wawe n'amabwiriza ari ku bicuruzwa.
• Koresha imiti igabanya ububabare yo kugura mu maduka. Imiti igabanya ububabare yo kugura mu maduka nka acetaminophen (Tylenol, izindi) ishobora gufasha kugabanya umuriro no kugabanya ububabare mu muhogo. Baza muganga umwanya ubereye umwana wawe ukurikije imyaka ye.
• Kwirinda itabi. Umuvuduko w'itabi ushobora kongera ibimenyetso.