Ukwangirika kw'umwijima: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima bibaho iyo uruhu rworoshye ruri inyuma y'ijisho ryawe rutandukanye n'aho rugomba kuba. Tekereza nk'aho ari urupapuro rw'aho mu rugo rwavuye ku rukuta - iyo umwijima wawe utandukanye n'umubiri uri munsi yawo, ntushobora gukora neza kandi bishobora gutera igihombo cy'ubuhanga mu gihe udavuwe vuba.

Iyi ndwara ifatwa nk'ubukene bw'ubuvuzi kuko umwijima utandukanye ubuze amaraso kandi ugahagarika gukora. Inkuru nziza ni uko, iyo uvuwe vuba, abantu benshi bashobora kubona ubuhanga bwinshi cyangwa bwose.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kenshi gutangira n'ibimenyetso by'umubabaro bidahwitse bigenda bigaragara. Ushobora kubona impinduka ntoya mu buhanga bwawe zisa nkaho zidafite akamaro ariko mu by'ukuri ari uburyo ijisho ryawe rigaragaza ikibazo.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ugomba kwitondera:

• Ibitotsi bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye - ibice bito, imigozi, cyangwa ibishushanyo bisa n'imigozi y'umutaka bigenda bigenda mu buhanga bwawe
• Umucyo ugaragara mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu majisho yombi, cyane cyane mu buhanga bwawe bwa kure
• Idirishya ryijimye cyangwa igicucu gikwirakwira mu buhanga bwawe
• Ubuhanga butose cyangwa buhindagurika budakira iyo uciye amaso
• Igihombo cy'ubuhanga bwa kure ku ruhande rumwe
• Agacupa gase cyangwa ahantu hijimye mu buhanga bwawe bwo hagati

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bidakunze kugaragara nko kubona imvura y'ibice byijimye cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kumenya amabara. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa, nubwo amaso yombi ashobora kugira uruhare mu bihe bidasanzwe.

Icyatuma iyi ndwara igorana ni uko isanzwe idafite ububabare. Ntuzagira ikibazo cy'ububabare, ibyo bishobora gutuma utekereza ko ibimenyetso atari bikomeye. Ariko, kutagira ububabare ntibisobanura ko ikibazo kitakomeye.

Ni iyihe mityo yo kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Hariho ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwo kwangirika kw'umwijima, buri bwoko bufite intandaro zitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bifasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kwa Rhegmatogenous ni bwo bwoko busanzwe, bugera kuri 90% by'imibare. Ibi bibaho iyo umwobo muto cyangwa umwobo ugaragara mu mwijima wawe, ugatuma amazi ashira munsi yayo akayitandukanya n'urukuta rw'ijisho ryawe.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kwa Tractional bibaho iyo umubiri w'ibikomere ku mwijima ukomera ukakurura umwijima ukava inyuma y'ijisho. Ubu bwoko busanzwe buhura n'abantu bafite indwara ya diyabete ikomeye cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ibikomere.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kwa Exudative gutera iyo amazi yubakira munsi y'umwijima nta mwobo cyangwa umwobo. Ibi bishobora kubaho kubera kubabara, imvune, cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso bituma amazi ashira mu kibanza kiri inyuma y'umwijima.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kugira imwe muri iyi mityo, ibyo bishobora gutuma kuvura bigorana ariko ntibishoboka kuyigenzura neza.

Ni iki giterwa no kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora guterwa n'imikorere itandukanye, nubwo impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka mu jisho ryawe ari zo zikunze gutera.

Intandaro zikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka mu mazi y'umwijima bituma agabanuka akakurura umwijima
• Kubura ubuhanga bukabije, bituma umwijima uba mucyeya kandi ugatera ibibazo
• Igisubizo cy'ijisho mbere, cyane cyane gukuraho cataracte
• Imvune z'amaso ziterwa na siporo, impanuka, cyangwa imvune
• Indwara ya diyabete ikomeye itera ibikomere
• Indwara ziterwa no kubabara zigira ingaruka ku jisho

Intandaro zidakunze kugaragara harimo indwara z'umuzuko nka Stickler syndrome, indwara zikomeye ziri mu jisho, cyangwa uburibwe bwotsa umwijima. Rimwe na rimwe, kwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kubaho nta ntandaro isobanutse, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite umwijima mucyeya.

Kugira kimwe muri ibyo bintu bitera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira kwangirika kw'umwijima. Abantu benshi bafite izi ndwara ntibagira ibibazo, ariko kumenya ibyo bigufasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare niba bigaragara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ugize impinduka zitunguranye mu buhanga bwawe, cyane cyane ibimenyetso by'umubabaro byavuzwe haruguru. Ukwangirika kw'umwijima buhora bufatwa nk'ubukene bw'ubuvuzi kuko gutinda kuvurwa bishobora gutera igihombo cy'ubuhanga burundu.

Hamagara muganga wawe w'amaso ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu bitaro by'ubuhanga bw'ihutirwa niba ubona kwiyongera kw'ibitotsi, umucyo mushya, cyangwa igicucu cyangwa idirishya rikwirakwira mu buhanga bwawe. Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa nkaho ari bito, ni byiza kwitonda kuko kwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kwihuta.

Ntugatege amatsiko yo kureba niba ibimenyetso bizakira ubwabyo. Uko kuvura gutangira vuba, ni ko amahirwe yawe yo kubungabunga ubuhanga bwawe aba meza. Abaganga benshi b'amaso bafite nimero za terefone z'ubukene bw'ihutirwa ku bihe nk'ibi.

Niba udashobora kuvugana n'inzobere mu bijyanye n'amaso ako kanya, sura ibitaro by'ubuhanga bw'ihutirwa byegereye. Nubwo abaganga bo mu bitaro by'ubuhanga bw'ihutirwa bashobora kudakora kuvura kwangirika kw'umwijima, bashobora gusuzuma ijisho ryawe kandi bagutegurira kujya kwa muganga w'inzobere mu kwangirika kw'umwijima.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kwangirika kw'umwijima, nubwo kugira ibyo bintu bitera ibyago ntibihamya ko uzagira iyi ndwara. Gusobanukirwa urwego rwawe rw'ibyago bishobora kugufasha kuba maso ku bimenyetso by'umubabaro.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago harimo:

• Imyaka irenga 50, iyo impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka mu mazi y'umwijima ziba nyinshi
• Kubura ubuhanga bukabije (high myopia), cyane cyane ama prescription arenga -6.00 diopters
• Amateka y'umuryango wo kwangirika kw'umwijima cyangwa indwara z'amaso zirakomoka
• Ukwangirika kw'umwijima mbere mu jisho ryawe irindi
• Igisubizo cy'ijisho mbere, harimo gukuraho cataracte cyangwa ibikorwa byo kuvura glaucoma
• Imvune ikomeye y'ijisho cyangwa imvune, ndetse n'imyaka myinshi ishize

Ibindi bintu byongera ibyago harimo kugira diyabete ifite ingaruka ku mwijima, indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umuzuko nka Marfan syndrome, cyangwa indwara z'amaso ziterwa no kubabara. Abantu bakora siporo zikomeye cyangwa bakora imirimo ifite ibyago byo gukomeretsa amaso bashobora kandi kugira amahirwe make.

Icy'ingenzi, indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umuzuko zishobora gutuma kwangirika kw'umwijima kubaho cyane mu bantu bakiri bato. Ibi birimo Stickler syndrome, igira ingaruka ku mubiri, n'izindi ndwara z'amaso zirakomoka.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka byo kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyo kudavura kwangirika kw'umwijima ni igihombo cy'ubuhanga burundu mu jisho ryangiritse. Igihe umwijima usigaye utandukanye, ni ko ibyago byo kwangirika kw'uturemangingo twumva umucyo biba byinshi.

Iyo kwangirika kw'umwijima kugira ingaruka kuri macula - igice cy'umwijima cy'ingenzi gishinzwe kubona neza, ushobora kugira ibibazo birambye byo gusoma, gutwara imodoka, cyangwa kumenya imisatsi ndetse nyuma yo kuvurwa neza. Ni yo mpamvu kuvura hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Ndetse no kuvurwa vuba, bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeza nka:

• Kubura ubuhanga bwo mu ijoro cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kubona mu mwijima
• Ubuhanga buhindagurika aho imigongo igaragara nk'aho yiyunguruye cyangwa yiyobye
• Kubura ubuhanga bwa kure
• Ibibazo byo kumenya uburebure
• Kwiyongera kw'ubushyuhe bw'umucyo
• Iterambere rya cataracte kuva mu mirimo imwe na imwe yo kubaga

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibibazo byo kubaga ubwabyo bishobora kubaho, nko kwandura, amaraso ari mu jisho, cyangwa kongera umuvuduko w'amaso. Ariko, ibyo byago byo kubaga muri rusange biba bike cyane kuruta ibyago byo kubura ubuhanga burundu biturutse ku kwangirika kw'umwijima kudavuwe.

Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kandi kwangirika kw'umwijima ukundi, cyane cyane niba bafite ibyago byinshi cyangwa ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imyobo mu mwijima. Ni yo mpamvu kwitabira ubuvuzi buhoraho nyuma yo kuvurwa ari ingenzi cyane.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kupimwa gute?

Kumenya kwangirika kw'umwijima bisaba isuzuma ry'ijisho ryuzuye muganga wawe ashobora gukora mu minota 30. Uburyo ni bworoshye kandi busanzwe budafite ububabare, nubwo ushobora kugira ubukana bw'umucyo by'igihe gito nyuma.

Muganga wawe w'amaso azatangira atandukanya abanyeshuri bawe hamwe n'amavuta yihariye, ibyo bimufasha kubona umwijima wose neza. Uyu muhanda wo gutandukanya urafata iminota 15-20 kandi bizatuma ubuhanga bwawe butose kandi bugira ubukana bw'umucyo amasaha menshi.

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gupima harimo:

• Ophthalmoscopy - gukoresha umucyo mwinshi n'ubuhanga bwo kubona kugira ngo usuzume inyuma y'ijisho ryawe
• Isuzuma rya ultrasound niba ubukana bwawe bw'umwijima bukingirwa n'amaraso cyangwa ubucucike
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) kugira ngo ubone amashusho y'ibice by'umwijima
• Isuzuma ry'ubuhanga kugira ngo upime ibice byose by'ubuhanga butabonetse

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha lenti yihariye ifite urukuta kugira ngo abone neza umwijima wawe wa kure. Ubu buryo, bwitwa indirect ophthalmoscopy, bufasha kumenya imyobo cyangwa kwangirika mu bice bigoye kubona.

Isuzuma ryose rifasha kumenya niba ufite kwangirika, ariko kandi ubwoko bwayo, uko kwangirika kwayo, n'uburyo bwo kuvura buzakora neza ku mimerere yawe.

Ni iki kivura kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Kuvura kwangirika kw'umwijima hafi ya buri gihe bisaba kubaga, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko uburyo bwo kubaga bugezweho bugira intsinzi iyo bukozwe vuba. Uburyo bwihariye muganga wawe asaba biterwa n'ubwoko, ubunini, n'aho kwangirika kwawe biri.

Kubera imyobo mito idafite kwangirika bikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura laser cyangwa gukonjesha (cryotherapy) kugira ngo afunge umwobo kandi akumirane gutandukana. Ibi bikorwa bishobora gukorwa mu biro kandi bifasha kwirinda kubaga bikomeye.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubaga harimo:

• Pneumatic retinopexy - gutera umwobo w'umwuka mu jisho kugira ngo usubize umwijima mu mwanya wawo
• Scleral buckle - gushyira umugozi woroshye ku jisho kugira ngo utere urukuta rwerekeza ku mwijima utandukanye
• Vitrectomy - gukuraho amazi y'umwijima no kuyasimbura umwuka cyangwa amavuta kugira ngo ufashe umwijima mu mwanya wawo
• Ibikorwa byahujwe hamwe bikoresha uburyo butandukanye ku bintu bigoye

Ubusanzwe kubaga kwangirika kw'umwijima bikorwa nk'ibikorwa byo hanze, bisobanura ko ushobora gutaha uwo munsi. Kugira ngo ukire bisanzwe bifata ibyumweru bike, muri icyo gihe uzakenera gukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye yo gushyira umubiri n'ibikorwa bigabanyije.

Ibyago byo kubaga kwangirika kw'umwijima ni byiza cyane, hafi 85-90% by'imibare bikaba byasubijwe neza hamwe n'igikorwa kimwe. Nubwo kubaga bisaba kongera, ibyago rusange byo gutsinda byiyongera kugeza kuri 95%.

Uko wakwitwara iwawe nyuma yo kubagwa kwangirika kw'umwijima

Kugira ngo ukire nyuma yo kubagwa kwangirika kw'umwijima bisaba kwihangana no kwita ku mabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Igikorwa cyo gukira gisanzwe gifata ibyumweru 2-6, kandi gukurikiza amabwiriza ya nyuma yo kubaga neza bishobora kunoza cyane ibyavuye.

Niba umuganga wawe yakoresheje umwobo w'umwuka mu gihe cyo kubaga, ushobora kuba ukeneye kugumana imyanya yihariye y'umutwe iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru bike. Iyi myanya ifasha kugumana umwobo w'umwuka uhuye n'ahantu hatandukanye mu gihe gikira.

Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo gukira harimo:

• Gufata amavuta y'amaso yatanzwe nk'uko byategetswe kugira ngo wirinde kwandura no kugabanya kubabara
• Kwirinda imirimo ikomeye, kwigunga, cyangwa imirimo ikomeye ibyumweru bike
• Kwambara ikiraro cy'amaso mu gihe utuye
• Kwima amatariki yo mu kirere niba ufite umwobo w'umwuka mu jisho ryawe
• Kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana, nubwo wumva umeze neza
• Kumenyesha igihombo cyihuse cy'ububabare, impinduka z'ubuhanga, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwandura

Mu gihe cyo gukira, ushobora kubona impinduka mu buhanga bwawe, ubona umwobo w'umwuka ugendagenda mu jisho ryawe, cyangwa ugira ikibazo gito cy'ububabare. Ibi bisanzwe ari ibice bisanzwe byo gukira, ariko buri gihe vugana na muganga wawe niba uhangayitse.

Abantu benshi bahangayikishwa n'ibikorwa byabo mu gihe cyo gukira. Nubwo uzakenera kwirinda imirimo ikomeye mu ntangiriro, ushobora gukora imirimo yoroheje ya buri munsi nko gusoma, kureba televiziyo, cyangwa kugenda buhoro buhoro nk'uko ubyumva.

Uko wakwitegura ku muhango wa muganga

Kwitabira umuhango wawe bishobora gufasha guhamya ko ubonye ubuvuzi burambuye kandi utibagiwe amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye ibimenyetso byawe. Kubera ko kwangirika kw'umwijima ari bwihutirwa, ushobora kutagira umwanya wo kwitegura, ariko gukusanya amakuru y'ingenzi bifasha muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo byiza byo kuvura.

Mbere y'umuhango wawe, andika igihe wabonye ibimenyetso bwa mbere n'uko byahindutse uko igihe gihita. Menya niba ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe cyangwa amaso yombi, kandi usobanure neza icyo ubona - niba ari ibitotsi, umucyo, igicucu, cyangwa ahantu butose.

Zana amakuru akurikira:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo hanze n'ibindi byongerwamo
• Imyenda yawe cyangwa lenti
• Amakuru y'ubwishingizi n'irangamuntu
• Urutonde rw'ibikorwa byo kubaga amaso mbere, imvune, cyangwa ubuvuzi
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'amaso cyangwa kwangirika kw'umwijima
• Amakuru y'abandi baganga bakuvura

Kubera ko abanyeshuri bawe bashobora gutandukana mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, tegura umuntu uzakuzana mu rugo cyangwa utegure gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gutwara. Ingaruka zo gutandukanya zishobora kumara amasaha 4-6 kandi bigatuma gutwara imodoka bidakwiye.

Ntuzuyaze kubaza ibibazo mu gihe cy'umuhango wawe. Gusobanukirwa uko uri n'uburyo bwo kuvura bigufasha kumva ufite icyizere cy'ubuvuzi ubonye n'icyo witeze mu gihe kizaza.

Icy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku kwangirika kw'umwijima

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku kwangirika kw'umwijima ni uko ari ubukenne bw'ubuvuzi busaba kwitabwaho vuba, ariko kandi buravurwa iyo bimenyekanye hakiri kare. Kumenya vuba ibimenyetso no kuvurwa vuba bishobora gutandukanya kubungabunga ubuhanga bwawe no kubura burundu.

Nubwo kwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora gutera ubwoba, uburyo bwo kubaga bugezweho bufite ibyago byiza. Abantu benshi babona ubuvuzi vuba bashobora kwitega gusubiza ubuhanga bwiza, cyane cyane iyo igice cy'umwijima cy'ingenzi kitangiritse cyane.

Kuba maso ku bimenyetso by'umubabaro nko gutungurana kw'ibitotsi, umucyo, cyangwa igicucu mu buhanga bwawe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago nko kubura ubuhanga bukabije, kubaga amaso mbere, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'amaso. Izerera ibyiyumvo byawe - niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe mu buhanga bwawe, bihora bikwiye ko ubisuzumisha.

Zirikana ko kwangirika kw'umwijima bidakomeye, ntutegereze ububabare kugira ngo ushake ubufasha. Ubuhanga bwawe ni bwiza, kandi gufata ibimenyetso nk'ibikomeye biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga ubuhanga bwawe imyaka myinshi iri imbere.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku kwangirika kw'umwijima

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye?

Yego, kwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye, rimwe na rimwe mu masaha cyangwa iminsi mike. Ariko, kenshi gitangira n'ibimenyetso by'umubabaro nka bitotsi bishya cyangwa umucyo mbere yo kugera ku bimenyetso bigaragara nka igicucu cyangwa igihombo cy'ubuhanga. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ibyo bimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima kuba ububabare?

Oya, kwangirika kw'umwijima ubwabyo ntabubabare. Ibi bishobora kubeshya kuko kutagira ububabare bishobora gutuma utekereza ko iyi ndwara atari ikomeye. Kutagira ububabare bibaho kuko umwijima udafite uburyo bwo kumva ububabare, bityo uzabona ibimenyetso by'ubuhanga nka bitotsi, umucyo, cyangwa impinduka z'ubuhanga.

Amaso yombi ashobora kwangirika icyarimwe?

Nubwo bishoboka, ni bito cyane ko amaso yombi kwangirika icyarimwe. Ubusanzwe, bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa. Ariko, niba warigeze kwangirika kw'umwijima mu jisho rimwe, ufite ibyago byinshi byo kubona mu rindi jisho nyuma, ni yo mpamvu gukurikirana amaso yombi ari ingenzi.

Ubuhanga bwanjye buzasubira mu buryo busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa kwangirika kw'umwijima?

Kugira ngo ubuhanga busubire mu buryo biterwa n'uko ubuvuzi bwakiriwe vuba niba macula (igice cy'ubuhanga bwo hagati) cyagize ingaruka. Abantu benshi basubiza ubuhanga bwiza, ariko bishobora kudasubira nk'uko byari bimeze mbere. Uko ubuvuzi butangira vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo kugira ubuhanga bwiza aba meza. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira impinduka ntoya zikomeza nko guhindagurika gato cyangwa kubura ubuhanga bwo mu ijoro.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima bishobora kwirindwa?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda kwangirika kw'umwijima kose, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe ukingira amaso yawe imvune, ugenzura neza indwara nka diyabete, kandi ukagira isuzuma ry'amaso ryuzuye buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago. Abantu bafite myopia ikomeye cyangwa amateka y'umuryango bagomba kuba maso cyane ku bijyanye no kwita ku maso buri gihe no kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubabaro.