Indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Ubuvuzi

Indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho ni uburwayi bugira ingaruka ku munyuramyenda w’ijisho, uruhu rworoshye ruri inyuma y’ijisho ryawe rufata umucyo kandi rugatuma ubwonko bubona ibishushanyo. Tekereza ko umunyuramyenda w’ijisho wawe ari nk’ifoto muri kamera - iyo wangiritse, ubwenge bwawe burahuzagurika, bugasubira inyuma, cyangwa ushobora no kubura kubona burundu.

Ubwo burwayi bushobora kugenda kuva ku guhinduka gake kw’ubwenge kugeza ku bibazo bikomeye bishobora gutera ubuhumyi. Inkuru nziza ni uko indwara nyinshi z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho zishobora kuvurwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare, niyo mpamvu gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byo kuburira ari ingenzi cyane mu kurinda ubwenge bwawe.

Indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho ni iki?

Indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho ni itsinda ry’uburwayi bw’amaso bugira ingaruka ku munyuramyenda w’ijisho, bugatera ingaruka ku buryo ubona neza. Umunyuramyenda w’ijisho wawe ufite za miriyoni z’uturemangingo twumva umucyo twitwa photoreceptors dukorana hamwe kugira ngo dukore amashusho ubona buri munsi.

Iyo indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho zibayeho, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’uruhu rworoshye. Zimwe mu ndwara zirangiza imiyoboro y’amaraso ihisha umunyuramyenda w’ijisho, izindi zigira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa photoreceptor ubwabyo. Macula, iri mu gice gikuru cy’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho cyawe gishinzwe kubona neza kandi birambuye, ni cyo cyane cyane kigira ingaruka ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho.

Ubwo burwayi bushobora gutera gahoro gahoro imyaka cyangwa bukaba butunguranye. Mu gihe zimwe mu ndwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho ari zo zikunze kugaragara uko umuntu akura, izindi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu b’imyaka yose, harimo abana n’abakuze.

Ni izihe ndwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’indwara z’umunyuramyenda w’ijisho bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bwenge bwawe, buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n’uburyo bwo gutera imbere. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bushobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso bishoboka hakiri kare.

Indwara y’umanyinya y’amaso (Macular degeneration) niyo ndwara y’umunyinya y’amaso igaragara cyane, ikaba ikunda kwibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 50. Yangiza umunyinya wa macula, igatuma ubona nabi hagati mu gihe ubona neza ku mpande. Ifite ubwoko bubiri: indwara y’umanyinya y’amaso yumye (dry macular degeneration), itera gahoro gahoro, n’indwara y’umanyinya y’amaso itose (wet macular degeneration), ishobora gutuma ubona nabi vuba.

Indwara y’umunyinya y’amaso iterwa na diyabete (Diabetic retinopathy) igaragara iyo isukari nyinshi mu maraso yangije imiyoboro y’amaraso mito iri mu munyinya w’amaso. Iyi ndwara itera intambwe ku ntambwe, itangira ihindagurika gato, igafata indi ntera igera kuri proliferative diabetic retinopathy, aho imiyoboro mishya y’amaraso idasanzwe ikura, ikaba ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo kubona.

Umunyinya w’amaso utandukanye n’aho ugomba kuba (Retinal detachment) ubaho iyo umunyinya w’amaso utandukanye n’umubiri umufasha. Iyi ni ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga bugomba kuvurwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe kubura kubona burundu. Ifite ubwoko butatu: rhegmatogenous (iterwa n’umwobo), tractional (iterwa n’igisebe gikura), na exudative (iterwa no kuzura kw’amazi).

Retinitis pigmentosa ni itsinda ry’indwara zirakomoka mu muryango, zangiza buhoro buhoro uturemangingo tw’amaso tubona umucyo. Iyi ndwara isanzwe itangira kubura kubona nijoro no kubona nabi ku mpande, igafata indi ntera mu myaka myinshi.

Ubwoko buke cyane burimo iminyanya y’amaso yaguye (macular holes), aho umwobo muto uba mu munyinya wa macula, imigambi y’umunyinya w’amaso (epiretinal membranes) itera iminkanyo ku munyinya w’amaso, na imiyoboro y’amaraso y’umunyinya w’amaso ifunze (retinal vein occlusions) aho imiyoboro y’amaraso ifunze.

Ibimenyetso by’indwara z’umunyinya w’amaso ni ibihe?

Kumenya ibimenyetso by’indwara y’umunyinya w’amaso hakiri kare bishobora kugufasha gushaka ubuvuzi mbere y’uko yangiza burundu. Nubwo ibimenyetso bitandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bw’indwara, hari impinduka ushobora kwitondera.

Impinduka zo kubona zikunda kuba buhoro buhoro, bigatuma bitoroshye kubibona mu ntangiriro. Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ukwiye kwitondera:

• Kubura cyangwa guhinduka kw’ibintu biboneka mu gice cya hagati cy’amaso, cyane cyane iyo usoma cyangwa ureba mu maso y’abantu
• Imirongo igaragara yiyunguruye cyangwa yiyobye (nka mirongo y’amadirishya cyangwa imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi)
• Ibitsi by’umwijima cyangwa ibitagira icyo biba biri mu gice cya hagati cy’ibyo ubona
• Kugorana kubona mu mwijima cyangwa gutinda kumenyera umucyo ukomoka ku mucyo mwinshi ujya ku mucyo muke
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu biri ku mpande (ibintu biri ku mpande), bigatuma ubona nk’aho uri mu muyoboro
• Kumva umucyo utunguranye cyangwa kwiyongera kw’ibintu bimeze nk’udusembwa
• Igicu cyangwa igitambaro kigaragara mu kibanza ubona
• Ibara ritagaragara neza cyangwa ridafite imbaraga
• Kugorana gutandukanya amabara asa

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Niba ubona ko ubuze imbaraga zo kubona mu buryo butunguranye, ukaba ubona umucyo utunguranye cyangwa ibintu bimeze nk’udusembwa byiyongereye cyane, cyangwa ukabona igicu gikwirakwira mu kibanza ubona, ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko hari ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw’umwijima w’amaso cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko indwara z’umwijima w’amaso zishobora kubanza kwibasira ijisho rimwe irindi rikaba rikora neza, bigatuma ibimenyetso bitagaragara cyane. Ni yo mpamvu gusuzuma amaso buri gihe ari ingenzi, naho waba wumva ko ubona neza.

Ese ni iki gituma indwara z’umwijima w’amaso zibaho?

Indwara z’umwijima w’amaso ziterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, kandi gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha kurinda amaso yawe. Bimwe mu bintu ubishobora gukoraho, ibindi, nka kamere yawe n’imyaka, ntabwo ubishobora gukoraho.

Impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka ni zimwe mu mpamvu zisanzwe z’indwara z’umwijima w’amaso. Uko ugenda ukura, imiterere y’umwijima w’amaso itangira kwangirika. Uturambuye dushobora kutakora neza, kandi ibintu bidakenewe bishobora kuhageramo, bigatuma habaho indwara nka macular degeneration.

Indwara zidakira zongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara ibibazo by’umwijima w’amaso. Dore impamvu nyamukuru zibitera:

• Diabete n’uburangare mu kugenzura isukari mu maraso bituma haba indwara y’amaso yitwa diabetic retinopathy
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso uterwa n’uko imiyoboro y’amaraso yo mu mboni y’ijisho yangiritse
• Cholesterol nyinshi itera ibibazo by’imijyana y’amaraso
• Impamvu z’umurage n’amateka y’indwara z’amaso mu muryango
• Myopie ikabije (kureba nabi ibintu bya hafi) yongera ibyago byo gutandukana kw’imbona y’ijisho
• Imvune cyangwa ibyago byabaye ku jisho mbere
• Imiti imwe n’imwe, cyane cyane irimo chloroquine
• Indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zigira ingaruka ku mijyana y’amaraso
• Indwara z’amaraso gukomera

Ibintu by’ibidukikije n’imibereho bigira uruhare. Kuguma igihe kirekire mu zuba ritagira ikirinda bishobora gutera kwangirika kw’imbona y’ijisho buhoro buhoro. Kuvuza itabi byongera cyane ibyago byo kwangirika kw’imbona y’ijisho kandi bishobora kurushaho kuba nabi diabetic retinopathy.

Bimwe mu bintu biterwa n’indwara zidakunze kugaragara harimo ubwandu bugira ingaruka ku mboni y’ijisho, uburibwe, n’uburwayi bw’ubutaka. Nubwo ibi bidakunze kugaragara, bigaragaza akamaro ko gusuzuma amaso neza kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibazo byose byihishe hakiri kare.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera indwara z’amaso?

Kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga bishobora gutuma ubwenge bwawe busigara kandi ukirinda guhomba burundu. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa, ibindi bikaba bisaba gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga mu minsi mike.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa ako kanya niba ufite ibibazo byo kubura kubona mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi, kwiyongera kw’imirasire y’umucyo, kwiyongera cyane kw’ibintu bimeze nk’ibitonyanga, cyangwa igicucu cyangwa igitambaro gikwirakwira mu kibanza cyawe cyo kubona. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko imbona y’ijisho itandukanye, ibyo bisaba kuvurwa mu masaha make kugira ngo wirinde guhomba burundu ubwenge.

Tegura gupima amaso kwa muganga mu minsi mike niba ubona impinduka mu kubona buhoro buhoro, nko kubona umurongo utambitse umeze nk’uwigurutse, ibice byijimye mu kubona kwawe kw’ibanze, kugorana kubona mu mwijima, cyangwa amabara asa n’atatakaje ubwiza. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nk’ibidafite ubukana, kuvurwa hakiri kare bikunze gutuma ibyavuyeho birushaho kuba byiza.

Niba ufite diabete, umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru, cyangwa ufite amateka y’indwara z’umunyuramyaka mu muryango, ugomba gupimisha amaso buri gihe nubwo udafite ibimenyetso. Abantu barwaye diabete bagomba gupimisha amaso byuzuye byibuze buri mwaka, kandi abafite indwara y’umunyuramyaka iterwa na diabete bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa kenshi.

Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa wizeye ko bizakira ubwabyo. Indwara z’umunyuramyaka zikunze gutera imbere nta kimenyetso mu ntangiriro, kandi iyo umaze kubona impinduka zikomeye mu kubona, ibyangiritse bishobora kuba byamaze kuba byinshi.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago by’indwara z’umunyuramyaka?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bwite bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo urinde ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona kandi ukore hamwe n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo ugenzure ubuzima bw’amaso yawe neza.

Uburwayi ni bwo bintu byongera ibyago byinshi by’indwara nyinshi z’umunyuramyaka. Ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’umunyuramyaka yitwa macular degeneration byiyongera cyane nyuma y’imyaka 50, mu gihe izindi ndwara nko gucika kw’umunyuramyaka bishobora kubaho mu myaka yose ariko bikaba byiyongera uko umuntu akura.

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora guhinduka n’ibidashobora guhinduka bigira ingaruka ku byago byawe:

• Diabete, cyane cyane iyo urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rudakurikiranwa neza
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso utera iyangirika ry’imitsi y’amaraso yo mu nyuma y’ijisho
• Amateka y’indwara z’amaso mu muryango, cyane cyane indwara y’umukene cyangwa retinitis pigmentosa
• Myopie ikabije (gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu biri hafi) yongera ibyago byo gutandukana kw’inyuma y’ijisho
• Itabi, ryongera kabiri ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’umukene
• Ubumuga bw’umubyibuho butera diabete n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso
• Imvune cyangwa ibyago byabaye ku jisho mbere
• Kumamara igihe kirekire mu zuba ritagira ingamba z’ubwirinzi
• Amoko amwe (Abanyamerika b’Abirabura bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara zimwe muri izo ndwara)
• Igitsina (abagore bafite ibyago byinshi gato byo kurwara indwara y’umukene)

Bimwe mu bintu biterwa n’ibyago bidafite akamaro bikubiyemo gufata imiti imwe nka hydroxychloroquine igihe kirekire, kugira indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, cyangwa kugira imvune ikomeye mu mutwe. Indwara z’amaraso zishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo gufunga imiyoboro y’amaraso yo mu nyuma y’ijisho.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibintu byinshi biterwa n’ibyago bishobora guhinduka binyuze mu guhindura imibereho no gucunga neza ubuzima. Gucunga diabete n’umuvuduko w’amaraso, kureka itabi, kugira ibiro bikwiye, no kurinda amaso yawe izuba bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka mbi z’indwara z’amaso?

Nubwo ibintu bishobora kuba ingaruka mbi bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibyashoboka bifasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuvuzi n’ikurikiranwa. Ingaruka mbi nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanuka hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye no gukurikirana.

Ingaruka mbi ikomeye y’indwara z’amaso ni ugutakaza burundu ubushobozi bwo kubona, bishobora kuva ku gutakaza ubushobozi buke kugeza ku buhumbuzi bwuzuye. Ariko, iyi ngaruka ikomeye ikunze kwirindwa iyo indwara zibonetse kandi zikavurwa hakiri kare.

Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe ukwiye kumenya harimo:

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona mu gice cy’amaso gikuru buhoro buhoro, bigatuma ugira ibibazo mu gusoma, gutwara ibinyabiziga, no kumenya amaso y’abantu
• Gutakaza burundu ubushobozi bwo kubona mu gice cy’amaso cyo ku mpande, bigatuma ugira ibibazo mu kwimura umubiri
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona nijoro, bigatuma gutwara ibinyabiziga nijoro biba bibyutse
• Kugira ibibazo mu kumenya intera, bigatuma uba ufite ibyago byo kugwa
• Kugira ibibazo mu kubona amabara, bigatuma ugira ibibazo mu bikorwa bya buri munsi
• Gutera kw’imijyana mishya y’amaraso ishobora kuva amaraso mu jisho
• Gutera kw’umunyakazi uhindura imiterere ya retina
• Glaucome y’uburyo bwa kabiri iterwa no gutera kw’imijyana mishya y’amaraso
• Cataracte itera mbere y’igihe

Ingaruka mbi z’akataraboneka ariko zikomeye zirimo kuva amaraso menshi mu jisho bisaba kubagwa, gucika kwa retina bigatuma itandukana n’umubiri, ndetse n’imyitwarire y’uburwayi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice by’ijisho. Bamwe bashobora kugira ihungabana cyangwa guhangayika bifitanye isano no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona, ibyo bisanzwe kandi bishobora kuvurwa.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ziterwa no guhinduka kw’ubuhanga bwo kubona ntibikwiye guterwa agaciro gake. Abantu benshi bagira agahinda, kwiheba, cyangwa gutinya ejo hazaza habo. Amatsinda y’ubufasha, inama, na serivisi zo kuvugurura ubushobozi bwo kubona bishobora kugufasha kwihanganira no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Uko indwara z’amaso zishobora kwirindwa

Nubwo utazi kwirinda indwara zose z’amaso, cyane cyane iziterwa n’imiterere y’umubiri cyangwa gusaza, ibintu byinshi bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa gutuma bitagenda nabi binyuze mu kwita ku buzima no mu myitwarire myiza.

Kwita ku buzima ni ikintu gikomeye cyane mu kwirinda. Niba ufite diyabete, kugumana igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso mu rwego rwiza bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara retinopathy iterwa na diyabete. Kimwe n’ibyo, kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso birinda imijyana y’amaraso y’amaso kwangirika.

Dore ingamba zo kwirinda zimaze kugaragara ushobora gushyira mu bikorwa:

• Tegura ibizamini byuzuye by’amaso buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite imyaka irenga 50 cyangwa ufite ibyago byabyo
• Kugabanya diyabete binyuze mu miti, indyo, no kugenzura buri gihe
• Kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso n’ikigero cya kolesterol
• Kureka itabi cyangwa kutazitangira, kuko itabi byongera cyane ibyago by’indwara z’umunyaryo
• Kugira ibiro bikwiye kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago bya diyabete na hypertension
• Kwambara izibuza izuba iyo uri hanze
• Kurya indyo yuzuye imboga z’icyatsi kibisi, amafi, n’imbuto n’imboga zifite amabara atandukanye
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo wongere ubuzima bw’umutima n’imijyana y’amaraso
• Kurinda amaso yawe imvune mu mikino cyangwa mu mirimo

Ibinyobwa by’imirire bishobora gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko aside fatty omega-3, lutein, zeaxanthin, na vitamine C na E bishobora kugabanya iterambere rya macular degeneration kuri bamwe, ariko ugomba kuganira n’umuganga wawe mbere yo kubitangira.

Niba ufite amateka y’indwara z’umunyaryo mu muryango, inama z’ibyaremwe zishobora kugufasha kumva ibyago byawe no gufata ibyemezo byuzuye ku bijyanye no kugenzura no kwirinda.

Indwara z’umunyaryo zimenyekana gute?

Kumenya indwara z’umunyaryo bikubiyemo ibizamini byihariye byinshi bituma umuganga wawe w’amaso ashobora gusuzuma umunyaryo neza no kureba uko ukora. Ibi bizamini ntabwo bibabaza kandi bitanga amakuru akomeye ku buzima bw’amaso yawe.

Isuzuma ryawe rizatangira ubusanzwe n’ikizamini cyuzuye cy’amaso, harimo amateka y’ubuzima arambuye n’isuzuma ry’ubuhanga bwo kubona. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso wabonye, amateka y’umuryango wawe, n’ubundi buzima bushobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe burimo ibi bizamini by’ingenzi:

• Isuzuma ry’amaso rikoresha imiti yihariye yo kwagura umwenyura kugira ngo ubone neza umwijima w’amaso
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) ikora amafoto y’ibice by’umwijima w’amaso
• Fluorescein angiography ikoresha ibara ryinjizwa mu kuboko kugira ngo ifotore imikorere y’imitsi y’amaraso
• Fundus photography ifotoza imiterere y’umwijima w’amaso
• Isuzuma ry’ubuhanzi bw’amaso kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bw’ubuhanzi bwawe
• Electroretinography (ERG) ipimira uburyo bw’amashanyarazi bw’uturemangingo tw’umwijima w’amaso
• Isuzuma rya Amsler grid kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka z’ubuhanzi bw’amaso

Hari ibizamini bisaba gutegurwa, nko gutegura uburyo bwo gutaha nyuma yo kwagura amaso kuko ubuzima bwawe buzaba butose kandi bugira ubwoba bw’umucyo. Fluorescein angiography ishobora gutera impinduka z’uruhu n’impisi, ariko ni ibintu bisanzwe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizamini by’inyongera hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe cyangwa uburwayi bakeka. Ibi bipimo birambuye bifasha kumenya atari gusa ubwoko bw’indwara y’umwijima w’amaso ushobora kuba ufite, ahubwo n’uburyo yateye imbere n’uburyo bwo kuvura bwaba bwiza.

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umwijima w’amaso ni bwoki?

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umwijima w’amaso bwateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba, butanga ibyiringiro n’ibisubizo byiza kuri benshi. Uburyo bwo kuvura buhingamiye ku bwoko n’uburemere bw’uburwayi bwawe, ariko gutangira kuvura hakiri kare bigatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Indwara nyinshi z’umwijima w’amaso ubu zishobora kuvurwa neza, nubwo intego ari ukubangamira iterambere no kubungabunga ubwenge bushigahe aho gusubiza ubwenge bwari bumaze kubura. Ibi bituma kuvumbura hakiri kare no kuvura vuba ari ingenzi kugira ngo hagurwe umusaruro mwiza.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Injeksiyon za Anti-VEGF mu maso kugira ngo zigabanye ukura kw’imijyana y’amaraso idasanzwe
• Ubuvuzi bwa Laser kugira ngo dusimbure imijyana y’amaraso isohora amaraso cyangwa gusenya umubiri udakora neza
• Ubuganga bwa Vitrektomi kugira ngo dukure amaraso cyangwa umubiri w’igikomere mu maso
• Gusana kw’umwijima w’amaso hakoreshejwe utubuto twa gaze, amavuta ya silicone, cyangwa impeta za sclera
• Ubuvuzi bwa Photodynamic buhuza imiti ikora ku mucyo hamwe no kuvura kwa Laser
• Injeksiyon cyangwa ibintu byashyizweho bya Corticosteroid kugira ngo bigabanye kubyimba
• Ibyuzuza ibivugwa mu mirire ku bwoko runaka bwa macular degeneration

Ku ndwara y’amaso iterwa na diyabete, kugenzura urwego rw’isukari mu maraso ni ingenzi hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’amaso. Umuganga wawe wita ku ndwara z’imisemburo n’umuganga w’amaso bazakorana kugira ngo bagufashe kwitaho neza. Kimwe n’uko, gucunga umuvuduko w’amaraso na cholesterol bituma amaso akora neza.

Ubuvuzi bushya harimo ubuvuzi bw’imisemburo ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe z’amaso zikomoka ku miryango, n’ubushakashatsi ku mitobe y’ingirabuzima, nubwo ibi bikigaragara mu ntambwe z’igerageza. Ibizamini by’ubuvuzi bishobora kuboneka ku bantu bafite ibibazo byihariye bataravuwe uko bikwiye.

Kujya gukurikiranwa kenshi ni ingenzi bitabaye ibyo uko uvuwe kose. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko uvuwe kandi agakosora uburyo uko bikenewe kugira ngo ubone ubuzima bw’amaso bwiza.

Nigute wakwita ku ndwara z’amaso mu rugo?

Nubwo ubuvuzi ari ingenzi ku ndwara z’amaso, hari byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ubungabunge ubuzima bw’amaso yawe kandi wihanganire impinduka z’ubuzima bw’amaso. Iyi mabwiriza ashobora kugufasha kuguma ufite ubwigenge n’ubuzima bwiza.

Kwita ku ndwara z’umubiri mu rugo ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ukwirakwira kw’indwara. Niba ufite diyabete, gukurikirana isukari mu maraso buri gihe, gukurikiza imiti, no gucunga indyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’amaso yawe. Kimwe n’uko, gufata imiti y’umuvuduko w’amaraso nk’uko byategetswe bigufasha kurinda imijyana y’amaraso y’amaso yawe.

Ingamba zo gucunga urugo mu buryo bwiza zirimo:

• Gukoresha amatara ahagije igihe usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo isaba kureba hafi
• Gupauza buri kanya mu gihe ukora imirimo isaba amaso cyane
• Kwambara buri gihe ibyuma byo kureba cyangwa lentili wategetswe
• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubyimba cyangwa ibyanditswe binini igihe bibaye ngombwa
• Gutegura aho uba kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugwa
• Gushyira amatara akora ku mubyimba kugira ngo ubone aho ujya nijoro
• Gukoresha amabara afite itandukaniro rikomeye kugira ngo ibintu biboneke neza
• Kureba uko amaso yawe ameze buri munsi ukoresheje Amsler grid niba ari byo wagiriwe inama

Ubufasha mu bijyanye n’imirire bushobora gufasha imimerere imwe n’imwe. Indyo yuzuye muri omega-3 fatty acids, imboga z’icyatsi kibisi, n’imbuto n’imboga zifite antioxydants ifasha ubuzima bw’amaso muri rusange. Bamwe bagira akamaro mu gufata imiti runaka y’amavutame, ariko mubiganire na muganga wawe mbere.

Ikoranabuhanga rishobora gufasha cyane mu gucunga impinduka z’amaso. Ikoranabuhanga rya terefone zigendanwa rishobora kubyimba amagambo, abafasha b’amajwi bashobora gufasha mu mirimo ya buri munsi, na porogaramu zihariye za mudasobwa zishobora kubyimba ibintu biri ku idirishya. Byinshi muri ibi bikoresho ni ubuntu cyangwa bihenze gato.

Ntukabe umuntu utinya gusaba ubufasha. Serivisi zo kuvugurura ubuzima bw’amaso, amatsinda y’ubufasha, n’ubujyanama bishobora kugufasha kwihanganira impinduka no kubungabunga ubwigenge bwawe n’imibereho yawe ya kamere.

Wagomba gutegura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura neza uruzinduko rwawe bifasha kwemeza ko ubonye ubufasha burambuye kandi ibibazo byawe byose bisubizwa. Gutegura neza kandi bifasha muganga wawe gukora ibizamini byiza no gutanga inama z’ubuvuzi.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibimenyetso byose wabonye, nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito. Vuga igihe byatangiye, niba biri kwiyongera, nibyo bibitera cyangwa bibyirukana. Bandika ijisho ryagize ikibazo cyangwa niba amaso yombi afite ibibazo.

Kora amakuru y’ingenzi yo kubwira muganga wawe:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti ukoresha ubu, harimo n’imiti igurwa mu maduka idasaba uburongozi bw’abaganga n’ibindi biyongera
• Amateka y’indwara z’amaso mu muryango wawe, diyabete, cyangwa umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije
• Amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo diyabete, hypertension, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Imvune, ibyo kubagwa, cyangwa ubuvuzi wari warahawe mu maso
• Impinduka zagiriye mu buzima bwawe muri iki gihe
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza n’abaganga waba ukeneye

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo uzabaza muganga wawe. Tekereza ku bibazo bijyanye n’uburwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvurwa, ibyitezwe, ingaruka mbi zishoboka, n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwawe iwawe. Ntukabe umuntu uhangayitse no kubaza ibibazo byinshi – muganga wawe aba ashaka ko usobanukirwa neza uburwayi bwawe.

Tegura uburyo bwo kuhagera niba amaso yawe agiye kwangirika, kuko uzaba ufite ikibazo cyo kubona neza n’uburyo umucyo ukubabaza amasaha menshi nyuma y’ibizamini. Zana izibuza izuba uzambara nyuma y’isuzuma kugira ngo wiyumve utekanye.

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango w’umuntu wizeye kugira ngo aguhe inkunga mu kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isuzumwa, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe n’uburwayi cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo ku ndwara z’umunyuramyenge?

Ubutumwa bw’ingenzi ku ndwara z’umunyuramyenge ni uko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona no gukumira ingaruka zikomeye. Nubwo ibi bibazo bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi babasha guhangana n’indwara z’umunyuramyenge kandi bagumana ubuzima bwiza bujyanye n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Kusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane cyo kwirinda indwara z’umunyuramyenge, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago nka diyabete, umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije, cyangwa amateka y’ibibazo by’amaso mu muryango wawe. Indwara nyinshi z’umunyuramyenge zikura buhoro buhoro nta bimenyetso bigaragara mu ntangiriro, bituma gukurikiranwa n’abaganga ari ingenzi.

Kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'umunyura. Kugabanya diyabete n'umuvuduko w'amaraso, kureka itabi, kugira ibiro bikwiye, no kurya indyo yuzuye byose bishyigikira ubuzima bw'amaso yawe, kandi binateza imbere imibereho yawe muri rusange.

Ntugapfobye impinduka z'ububasha bw'amaso, kabone n'izoroheje. Nubwo impinduka zose z'ububasha bw'amaso zitagaragaza ikibazo gikomeye, bihora ari byiza ko impinduka zisuzumwa vuba aho gutegereza kureba niba zikomeza kuba mbi.

Zirikana ko uburyo bwo kuvura bukomeza gutera imbere, kandi abashakashatsi bakora ubuvuzi bushya buri gihe. Nubwo waba ufite indwara y'umunyura, hari byinshi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo bifashe kubungabunga ububasha bw'amaso yawe no kwihanganira impinduka ushobora guhura nazo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku ndwara z'umunyura

Ese indwara z'umunyura zishobora gukira burundu?

Indwara nyinshi z'umunyura ntizishobora gukira burundu, ariko nyinshi zishobora gucungwa neza kugira ngo bigabanye iterambere kandi bigumane ububasha bw'amaso. Intego y'ubuvuzi ni ugukomeza ububasha bw'amaso yawe ubu kandi ukirinda kwangirika kurushaho aho gusubiza ububasha bw'amaso bwari bumaze kubura.

Ubundi buryo, nko gucika kw'umunyura, bushobora gusanaswa neza n'ubuganga niba bugaragaye hakiri kare. Ariko, uburwayi nka macular degeneration na diabetic retinopathy ni indwara zidakira zisaba gucungwa buri gihe aho gukira rimwe.

Ese indwara z'umunyura zibabaza?

Indwara nyinshi z'umunyura ntizibabaza kuko umunyura ntafite imikaya y'ububabare. Ubusanzwe ntuzumva ikintu na kimwe kibi izi ndwara zikurira, ariyo mpamvu impinduka z'ububasha bw'amaso arizo kimenyetso cya mbere cy'ikibazo.

Ariko kandi, uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura indwara z'umunyura, nko guterwa inshinge mu jisho, bishobora gutera ububabare bw'akanya gato. Muganga wawe azakoresha imiti ibitera uburibwe kugira ngo agabanye ububabare ubwo arigukora.

Nzaguma impumyi niba mfite indwara y'umunyura?

Kugira indwara y’umunyuraguti ntibisobanura ko uzahuma. Abantu benshi bafite indwara z’umunyuraguti baguma bafite ubushobozi bwo kubona mu buzima bwabo bwose, babifashijwemo n’ubuvuzi n’uburyo bwiza bwo kuyirinda.

Ibyavuye muri iyo ndwara biterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, nko kumenya ubwoko bw’indwara, uburyo yamenyekanye hakiri kare, uko wakira neza imiti, niba ufite izindi ndwara. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona.

Ngahe nakagombye kujya nkagira ibizamini by’amaso niba mfite diyabete?

Niba ufite diyabete, ugomba gukora isuzuma ry’amaso buri mwaka nibura, nubwo utagira ikibazo cyo kubona. Niba hagaragaye indwara ya retinopathy iterwa na diyabete, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukora ibizamini byinshi, bishobora kuba buri mezi 3-6.

Abantu bafite diyabete idakozwe neza cyangwa indwara ya retinopathy iterwa na diyabete ikomeye bashobora gukenera ibizamini buri mezi 2-4 kugira ngo bakurikirane hafi uko bahagaze kandi bagorore ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Ese impinduka mu mibereho ishobora gutuma turinda indwara z’umunyuraguti?

Yego, impinduka mu mibereho zishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umunyuraguti cyangwa zigatuma zidatera imbere niba umaze kuyirwara. Kugira diyabete n’umuvuduko w’amaraso bigenzurwa, kureka itabi, kugira ibiro bikwiye, no kurya indyo yuzuye intungamubiri zifasha amaso, byose bigira uruhare runini.

Nubwo utazi kwirinda indwara zose z’umunyuraguti, cyane cyane iziterwa n’indwara z’umuryango cyangwa gusaza, guhitamo ubuzima bwiza biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga ubushobozi bwo kubona mu buzima bwawe bwose.