Retinoblastoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uburyo bwo Kuvura

Retinoblastoma ni iki?

Retinoblastoma ni kanseri y'amaso idakunze kugaragara itera mu mboni y'ijisho, umutwe w'umwanya w'amaso ufite ubushobozi bwo kubona umucyo. Iyi kanseri ikunda kwibasira abana bato, aho abenshi bayimenya mbere y'imyaka 5.

Tekereza kuri retina nk'ifoto y'ikamera y'ijisho ryawe. Iyo utubuto muri aka gace twakuriye nabi, bishobora gutera udukoko dutera kanseri duhangirika uburyo bwo kubona. Inkuru nziza ni uko retinoblastoma ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi abana benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Iyi kanseri ishobora kwibasira ijisho rimwe cyangwa amaso yombi. Iyo ibaye mu maso yombi, ikunda kubaho kuva ku ivuka bitewe n'impamvu z'umurage. Iyo iba mu jisho rimwe, ikunda kugaragara nyuma kandi ntabwo ikunda guherwa mu muryango.

Ibimenyetso bya Retinoblastoma ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ababyeyi babona ni umucyo wera cyangwa igisobanuro kidasanzwe mu jisho ry'umwana wabo, cyane cyane mu mafoto yafashwe hakoreshejwe flash. Uyu mucyo wera mu mboni y'ijisho, witwa leukocoria, ugaragara aho umucyo utukura usanzwe uba.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi byo kwitondera:

• Umucyo wera mu mboni y'ijisho, cyane cyane ugaragara mu mafoto yafashwe hakoreshejwe flash
• Amaso adakora hamwe cyangwa asa n'ayagenda uko ashaka (strabismus)
• Urubuto cyangwa kubyimba hafi y'ijisho
• Ibibazo byo kubona cyangwa kudashobora kubona neza
• Kubabara amaso, nubwo ibi bidafata cyane mu ntangiriro

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira n'impinduka zoroheje nko kurira cyane cyangwa kugira uburibwe bw'umucyo. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, udukoko dutera kanseri dushobora gukura bihagije kugira ngo ijisho rigaragare rikomeye kurusha ubusanzwe.

Wibuke ko byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite izindi mpamvu zoroheje. Ariko, impinduka zose zikomeza mu maso y'umwana wawe zikwiye gusuzuma vuba na muganga wawe cyangwa umuguzi w'amaso.

Ni iki gitera Retinoblastoma?

Retinoblastoma ibaho iyo utubuto turi muri retina tugize impinduka z'umurage zituma twakura bidasanzwe. Izi mpinduka ziba mu gene yitwa RB1, isanzwe ifasha kugenzura uko utubuto twakura.

Hafi 40% by'ibibazo ni umurage, bisobanura ko impinduka z'umurage ziherwa mu muryango. Abana bafite retinoblastoma y'umurage bakunda kugira udukoko dutera kanseri mu maso yombi kandi bafite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri izindi mu buzima bwabo.

Ibindi 60% by'ibibazo ni ibyo kutabona, bisobanura ko impinduka z'umurage ziba mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'umwana. Aba bana bakunda kugira udukoko dutera kanseri mu jisho rimwe gusa kandi ntibaherwa iyi ndwara mu bana babo.

Ni ngombwa kumva ko ababyeyi badatera iyi kanseri kubera ikintu bakoze cyangwa batakoze. Impinduka z'umurage zitera retinoblastoma ziba mu buryo busanzwe kandi ntizirindwa.

Ugomba kubona muganga igihe ki ku bijyanye na Retinoblastoma?

Wagomba guhamagara muganga w'umwana wawe ako kanya ubonye umucyo wera cyangwa igisobanuro kidasanzwe mu jisho ry'umwana wawe, cyane cyane iyo kigaragara buri gihe mu mafoto. Iki kimenyetso gisaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona muganga mu minsi mike niba umwana wawe agize amaso yatembagara, ibibazo byo kubona, cyangwa kubora amaso bidakira. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bikunda kuba bifite impamvu nziza, isuzuma rya vuba rigaragaza ko nta kintu gikomeye cyabuze.

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizakira ubwabyo. Retinoblastoma ikura vuba, kandi kumenya hakiri kare birongera cyane ibyavuye mu kuvura kandi bikarinda uburyo bwo kubona.

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa retinoblastoma, uganire n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ubujyanama ku muryango n'isuzuma ry'amaso buri gihe, nubwo umwana wawe atagira ibimenyetso.

Ibyago bya Retinoblastoma ni ibihe?

Ibyago bikomeye ni ukugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite retinoblastoma. Abana bafite umuntu wo mu muryango warwaye bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi kanseri.

Dore ibyago by'ingenzi:

• Amateka y'umuryango wa retinoblastoma
• Kugira ubwoko bw'umurage bwa RB1 gene mutation
• Kuba muto, cyane cyane munsi y'imyaka 2
• Kuvurwa mbere ya retinoblastoma y'umurage (byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri izindi)

Abana benshi barwara retinoblastoma nta mateka y'umuryango bafite. Imyaka ni yo ntandaro ikomeye, kuko iyi kanseri ikunda kwibasira abana bato cyane.

Bitandukanye na kanseri nyinshi z'abantu bakuru, ibintu by'ubuzima ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku kaga ka retinoblastoma. Nta kintu ababyeyi bashobora gukora kugira ngo birinde cyangwa bateze iyi ndwara.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Retinoblastoma ni izihe?

Iyo imenyekanye kandi ivuwe hakiri kare, abana benshi barwaye retinoblastoma birinda ingaruka zikomeye. Ariko, kuvura bitinze bishobora gutera kubura uburyo bwo kubona cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye.

Ingaruka zishoboka harimo:

• Kubura uburyo bwo kubona mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu maso yombi
• Glaucoma (umuvuduko mwinshi mu jisho)
• Kwandura kanseri mu bice by'umubiri
• Gutakaza ijisho kugira ngo birinde kwandura kanseri
• Kurwara kanseri izindi mu buzima bwabo (mu bihe by'umurage)

Abana bafite retinoblastoma y'umurage bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri izindi, cyane cyane kanseri y'amagufwa na sarcome yumudugudu, uko bakura. Niyo mpamvu kwitabwaho igihe kirekire bikomeza kuba ngombwa.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ku miryango zishobora kandi kuba zikomeye. Abana benshi n'ababyeyi babona ubufasha mu bijyanye n'ubujyanama n'amatsinda y'ubufasha kugira ngo bafashe guhangana n'uburwayi n'uburyo bwo kuvura.

Retinoblastoma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya iyi ndwara bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaso ryakozwe n'umuganga w'amaso w'inzobere mu bana. Muganga azagura amaso y'umwana wawe kugira ngo abone neza retina.

Mu gihe cy'isuzuma, umwana wawe ashobora kuba akeneye gutuza cyangwa guhabwa anesthésie kugira ngo atareba. Ibi bituma muganga asuzuma amaso yombi neza kandi afate amafoto y'ibice byose bitari bisanzwe.

Ibisuzumwa byongeyeho bishobora kuba harimo ultrasound y'ijisho, MRI scans kugira ngo barebe niba kanseri yanduje, no gusuzuma umurage kugira ngo bamenye niba iyi ndwara ari iy'umurage. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kumenya abana bafite impinduka z'umurage.

Uburyo bwose bwo gusuzuma busanzwe buramara iminsi mike kugira ngo bube. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakubwira buri ntambwe kandi rizagufasha kumva icyo ibyavuye bisobanura ku gahunda yo kuvura umwana wawe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura Retinoblastoma ni buhe?

Uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n'ubunini bw'udukomo dutera kanseri, aho biherereye, niba byibasira ijisho rimwe cyangwa amaso yombi. Intego nyamukuru ni ugukiza ubuzima bw'umwana wawe, kubungabunga ijisho iyo bishoboka, no kubungabunga uburyo bwo kubona uko bishoboka kose.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura harimo:

• Chimiothérapie kugira ngo igabanye udukoko dutera kanseri mbere y'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura
• Laser therapy cyangwa cryotherapy gucika udukoko dutera kanseri duto
• Radiothérapie ku dukoko dutera kanseri dukomeye
• Kubaga ijisho (enucleation) mu bihe bikomeye
• Injections mu jisho ry'imiti ya chimiothérapie

Abana benshi bahabwa uburyo bwo kuvura buhujwe n'imiterere yabo. Urugero, chimiothérapie ishobora kugabanya udukoko dutera kanseri dukomeye bihagije kugira ngo laser therapy ibone kuyikuraho rwose.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe buramara amezi menshi kandi bisaba gusura muganga kenshi. Itsinda ry'abaganga b'umwana wawe rizahora rikurikirana iterambere ry'uburwayi kandi rigahindura uburyo bwo kuvura uko bibaye ngombwa.

Uburyo bwo kwita ku rugo mu gihe cyo kuvura Retinoblastoma ni buhe?

Imirimo yawe nyamukuru mu rugo ni ugutuma umwana wawe aruhutse kandi ukomeza imigenzo isanzwe uko bishoboka kose. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kunaniza, bityo kuruhuka byinshi n'imikino yoroheje ni byo bikorwa neza.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso by'indwara nka fièvre, kubora cyane, cyangwa kuva mu jisho ryavuwe. Hamagara itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ako kanya ubonye ibi bimenyetso cyangwa niba umwana wawe asa n'umurwaye cyane.

Kingira umwana wawe kugwa no gukomeretsa amaso mu gihe cyo kuvura. Irinde imikino ikomeye kandi utekereze gukoresha ijisho ririnzwe mu gihe cy'imikino. Komeza isuku y'ijisho ryavuwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe.

Komeza gahunda yo konsa kandi utange ibiryo bikundwa n'umwana wawe iyo yumva afite ubuzima bwiza bwo kurya. Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bumenyi, bityo ugomba gufata ibiryo biringaniye iyo afite inzara.

Ugomba gutegura gute kugira ngo ujye kubona muganga?

Andika ibibazo byawe byose mbere y'ubuhamya buri bwose, harimo impungenge ku ngaruka z'uburyo bwo kuvura, ibyerekeye ejo hazaza, n'amabwiriza yo kwita ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Ntukabe umunyamahane wo kubaza ibibazo byinshi.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose umwana wawe afata, harimo imiti yo mu rugo n'ibindi. Zanana amafoto yose yerekana umucyo wera mu mboni y'ijisho niba ari byo byatumye uza kubona muganga.

Tekereza kuzana undi muntu mu buhamya, cyane cyane mu gihe uganira ku buryo bwo kuvura. Kugira ubufasha bigufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye kandi bigatanga ihumure mu gihe cy'ibiganiro bigoye.

Tegura umwana wawe ukurikije imyaka ye kugira ngo ajye kubona muganga. Ibisobanuro byoroshye ku bijyanye na "abaganga bafasha amaso yawe kumva neza" bikora neza ku bana bato.

Icyo ugomba kumenya cyane kuri Retinoblastoma ni iki?

Retinoblastoma ni kanseri ikomeye ariko ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Umucyo wera udakunze kugaragara mu jisho ry'umwana wawe, cyane cyane ugaragara mu mafoto yafashwe hakoreshejwe flash, ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo kwitondera.

Ibyavuye mu kuvura biroroshye cyane, aho abana barenga 95% barokoka iyo kanseri itararenga ijisho. Abana benshi bakomeza kubona neza mu jisho rimwe nibura kandi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Gira icyizere icyemezo cyawe nk'umubyeyi. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe mu maso y'umwana wawe, ntutinye gushaka isuzuma rya muganga. Kumenya hakiri kare bigira uruhare rukomeye mu byavuye mu kuvura.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine muri uru rugendo. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga, umuryango wawe, n'imiryango y'ubufasha bari aho kugufasha guca mu nzira y'uburyo bwo kuvura no gukira neza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma ishobora kwirindwa?

Oya, retinoblastoma ntishobora kwirindwa kuko iterwa n'impinduka z'umurage ziba mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa retinoblastoma, ubujyanamwe ku muryango bushobora kugufasha kumva ibyago no gutegura isuzuma ry'abana bawe. Isuzuma ry'amaso buri gihe rishobora gufasha kumenya kanseri hakiri kare iyo kuvura ari byo bikorwa neza.

Umwana wanjye azashobora kubona neza nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Ibyavuye mu kubona biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubunini bw'udukomo dutera kanseri, aho biherereye, n'uburyo bwo kuvura bukenewe. Abana benshi bakomeza kubona neza mu jisho rimwe nibura. Nubwo kubona byahungabanywa, abana bahindura uburyo bwo kubona neza kandi bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa byinshi bisanzwe. Umuganga w'amaso azakubwira ibyo witezeho hakurikijwe imimerere y'umwana wawe.

Retinoblastoma yandura cyangwa iterwa n'ikintu nakoze?

Retinoblastoma ntiyandura kandi ntishobora kwandura kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi. Ntabwo kandi iterwa n'ikintu ababyeyi bakoze cyangwa batakoze mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kwita ku mwana. Impinduka z'umurage zitera retinoblastoma ziba mu buryo butunguranye mu bihe byinshi. Ababyeyi ntibagomba kwibasira kubera uburwayi bw'umwana wabo.

Umwana wanjye azakenera kwitabwaho kenshi gute?

Gahunda yo kwitabwaho igihe kirekire itandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuvura umwana wawe niba afite ubwoko bw'umurage. Mu ntangiriro, gusura muganga bishobora kuba buri kwezi cyangwa buri mezi make. Uko igihe gihita umwana wawe akaba adafite kanseri, gusura muganga bikunda kugabanuka. Abana bafite retinoblastoma y'umurage bakeneye gukurikiranwa ubuzima bwabo bwose kuko bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri izindi.

Ndagomba kubwira abandi bana banjye iki ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bw'umuvandimwe wabo?

Kuvuga ukuri ukurikije imyaka yabo ni byo bikorwa neza. Abana bato bakeneye ibisobanuro byoroshye nka "umuvandimwe wawe/mushiki wawe afite utubuto tw'indwara mu jisho ryabo kandi abaganga barimo kubafasha gukira." Abana bakuru bashobora kumva amakuru menshi. Reba ko abana bawe bose bumva ko retinoblastoma idandura kandi ko itsinda ry'abaganga ririmo gukora cyane kugira ngo ribafashe. Tekereza gukoresha umujyanama w'inzobere mu gufasha imiryango guhangana na kanseri y'abana.