Rotavirus ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Rotavirus ni virusi yandura cyane itera impiswi zikomeye n'kuruka, cyane cyane ku bana bato n'abana bakiri bato. Ni imwe mu ntandaro za rusange z'indwara y'igifu ku bana ku isi hose, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko irashobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe inkingo kandi isanzwe ikira yonyine hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Tekereza kuri rotavirus nk'indwara y'igifu ikwirakwira vuba cyane kuva ku muntu umwe ajya ku wundi. Nubwo ishobora gutera umwana wawe ikibazo cyane iminsi mike, abana benshi barakira neza nta ngaruka z'igihe kirekire iyo bahabwa ubufasha bukwiye.

Rotavirus ni iki?

Rotavirus ni virusi ifite ishusho y'igira, igaba ku rukuta rw'umwijima muto w'umwana wawe. Iyi virusi yiswe uko kubera ijambo ry'ikilatini “rota,” risobanura igira, kubera ishusho yayo y'umunyururu igaragara neza iyo irebye muri mikoroskopi.

Iyi virusi ikomeye cyane kandi ishobora kubaho ku biti ku minsi cyangwa se no mu byumweru. Ikwirakwira binyuze mu cyo abaganga bita “inzira y'amashyira-mu kanwa,” bisobanura ko utudutsi duto two mu mashyira y'umuntu wanduye tugera mu kanwa k'undi muntu.

Mbere y'uko urukingo rwa rotavirus ruboneka cyane muri 2006, hafi buri mwana muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yanduye rotavirus nibura rimwe mbere y'isabukuru ye y'imyaka itanu. Ubu, inkingo zagaragaje igabanuka rikomeye ry'ayo mubare, bituma indwara zikomeye za rotavirus ziba nke cyane.

Ibimenyetso bya rotavirus ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bitangira vuba kandi bishobora gutera umwana wawe ikibazo cyane. Abana benshi bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu gihe cy'iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yo kwandura virusi.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Impiswi z'amazi zikomeye zishobora kumara iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 8
• Kurukwa kenshi, cyane cyane mu minsi ya mbere
• Umuriro, ukunze kugera kuri 102°F (39°C) cyangwa hejuru
• Kubabara mu nda no gucika intege
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kugira umujinya no guhora uhangayitse
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama nk'akanwa kari kumeze nabi, kurira nta misekuru, cyangwa kugabanyuka kw'inkari

Kurukwa bisanzwe bihagarara nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, ariko impiswi zishobora gukomeza iminsi myinshi. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje by'ubuhumekero nko guhumana mu mazuru cyangwa inkorora, nubwo ibi bidafata abantu benshi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo umuriro ukomeye udashira hejuru ya 104°F (40°C), amaraso mu mashyira, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gukama bikomeye nko gusinzira cyane cyangwa amaso y'ubushuhe.

Ni iki giterwa na rotavirus?

Rotavirus ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza n'amashyira yanduye, ndetse no mu bwinshi buto utabona. Virusi yandura cyane kuko igice gito cyayo kihagije gutera indwara.

Uburyo busanzwe umwana wawe ashobora kwandura rotavirus harimo:

• Guhuza n'ibintu byanduye nka za gikinisho, ibikoresho byo gufungura imiryango, cyangwa ameza yo guhindura imyenda y'abana
• Kudakaraba intoki neza nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero cyangwa guhindura imyenda y'abana
• Kurya ibiryo cyangwa kunywa amazi yanduye virusi
• Kugira aho ahura n'umuntu wanduye
• Kwinjiza mu kanwa ibintu cyangwa intoki byanduye

Abana bandura cyane mu minsi ya mbere y'uburwayi iyo ibimenyetso biri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ariko kandi, baracyashobora gukwirakwiza virusi kugeza ku minsi 10 nyuma y'itangira ry'ibimenyetso, rimwe na rimwe mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Virusi ikomeye cyane kandi ishobora kubaho ku ntoki amasaha menshi no ku biti bikomeye iminsi. Isabune isanzwe n'amazi bishobora kwica virusi, ariko amazi asukura intoki akomoka kuri alukoro ntabwo akora neza kuri rotavirus ugereranije n'izindi mikorobe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera rotavirus?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga w'umwana wawe niba agize ibimenyetso bya rotavirus, cyane cyane niba afite munsi y'imyaka 2. Nubwo uburwayi bwinshi bushobora kuvurwa mu rugo, inama y'abaganga ifasha guha umwana wawe amazi ahagije.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso ibi bikurikira:

• Ibimenyetso byo gukama bikomeye nko kutagira imyenda y'abana y'amazi mu masaha 6, akanwa kari kumeze nabi, cyangwa amaso y'ubushuhe
• Kurukwa bidashira bituma adashobora kunywa amazi
• Umuriro ukomeye hejuru ya 104°F (40°C)
• Amaraso mu kuruka cyangwa mu mashyira
• Kubabara mu nda bikomeye
• Gusinzira cyane cyangwa umujinya utasanzwe
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama bikomeye nko guhinda umutwe iyo ahagaze

Ku bana bato bari munsi y'amezi 6, ni ingenzi cyane gushaka ubuvuzi vuba kuko bashobora gukama vuba kurusha abana bakuru. Ntuzuzagera ku muganga wawe niba uhangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe.

Ibyago byo kwandura rotavirus ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe y'umwana wawe yo kwandura rotavirus cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibyago by'ingenzi harimo:

• Imyaka iri hagati y'amezi 6 n'imyaka 2 (igihe cy'ibyago byinshi)
• Kudakingirwa rotavirus
• Kwitabira ishuri cyangwa kumara igihe mu bigo byita ku bana
• Kuba mu turere tudafite isuku
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke
• Kuvuka imburagihe
• Kugira ibibazo by'ubuzima bya karande

Abana bari munsi y'amezi 6 bafite uburinzi bumwe na bumwe baturuka ku mubiri w'ababyeyi babo, ariko ubwo burinzi bugabanuka uko igihe gihita. Abana bari hagati y'amezi 6 n'imyaka 2 bafite ibyago byinshi kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abana bafite uburwayi bukomeye bw'ubudahangarwa cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bashobora kugira indwara zidahira kandi zikomeza amezi menshi. Abo bana bakeneye ubuvuzi bwihariye no gukurikiranwa.

Ingaruka zishoboka za rotavirus ni izihe?

Abana benshi barakira rotavirus nta kibazo cy'igihe kirekire, ariko ingaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bana bato cyane. Ingaruka zikomeye ni gukama bikabije, bishobora kuba vuba ku bana bato n'abana bato.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ukwiye kwitondera harimo:

• Gukama kuva ku gito kugeza ku gukomeye
• Kudahuza neza kwa elektroliti bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwa sodium na potasiyumu
• Kudakorana neza kwa lactose by'igihe gito bikamara ibyumweru bike
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri
• Impiswi zirambye zikamara ibyumweru birenga bibiri

Gukama bikomeye bishobora gutuma umwana wawe ajyanwa mu bitaro, aho ashobora gukeneye amazi atangwa mu mitsi kugira ngo yongere amazi n'ingufu z'umubiri. Ibi birakunda cyane ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 2.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, rotavirus ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo indwara ziterwa n'umuriro cyangwa kudahuza neza kwa elektroliti, ibibazo by'impyiko, cyangwa mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, kubabara mu bwonko cyangwa mu mutima. Abana bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bafite ibyago byinshi by'izo ngaruka zikomeye.

Rotavirus irashobora kwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda rotavirus ni ugukingira, bukorwa neza kandi butekanye. Urukingo rwa rotavirus rwagabanije cyane indwara zikomeye za rotavirus kuva rwatangira gukoreshwa.

Dore ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda:

• Gukingiza umwana wawe hakurikijwe gahunda yateganijwe
• Kukaraba intoki kenshi n'isabune n'amazi ashyushye mu gihe cy'amasegonda nibura 20
• Gusukura ibintu kenshi, cyane cyane nyuma y'uburwayi
• Kwirinda guhura n'abantu banduye igihe bishoboka
• Kwigisha abana uburyo bwo gukaraba intoki neza
• Kugumisha abana barwaye mu rugo batagiye mu ishuri cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bana

Urukingo rwa rotavirus rutangwa mu kanwa nk'amatonyanga, ubusanzwe ku mezi 2 n'amezi 4, andi maringo akenera urukingo rwa gatatu ku mezi 6. Urukingo rukora neza cyane, rukarinda hafi 85-98% by'indwara zikomeye za rotavirus.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku isuku nabwo ni ingenzi, nubwo budakora neza kuri rotavirus kuko virusi yandura cyane. Ariko, guhuza inkingo n'isuku nziza biha umwana wawe uburinzi bwiza bushoboka.

Rotavirus imenyekanwa ite?

Abaganga bashobora kumenya rotavirus hakurikijwe ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe n'igihe cy'umwaka, kuko indwara za rotavirus zikunda kugaragara mu mezi akonje. Ariko kandi, ibizamini byihariye bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha uburyo bukurikira kugira ngo amenye rotavirus:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri rigaragaza ibimenyetso byo gukama
• Isuzuma ry'amashyira hakoreshejwe ibizamini byihuse bya antijeni
• Amateka y'ubuzima harimo uburyo bwo gukingira n'ibintu byaherukaga guhura na byo
• Gusuzuma ibimenyetso n'igihe byamaze
• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe gukama cyangwa kudahuza neza kwa elektroliti

Isuzuma ryihuse ry'amashyira rishobora kumenya antijeni za rotavirus kandi rikatanga ibisubizo mu minota cyangwa amasaha. Ariko kandi, abaganga ntibakenera guhora bemeza virusi itera uburwayi, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe ari ibisanzwe kandi akomeza kumera neza mu rugo.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane niba umwana wawe akeneye kujyanwa mu bitaro, ibizamini by'inyongera bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane izindi ntandaro z'impinduka zikomeye cyangwa kugira ngo harebwe uko gukama n'ingufu z'umubiri bimeze.

Ubuvuzi bwa rotavirus ni buhe?

Nta muti wihariye wo kurwanya virusi ya rotavirus, bityo ubuvuzi bugamije guhangana n'ibimenyetso no kwirinda gukama. Intego ni ukugumisha umwana wawe ameze neza mu gihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buhangana na virusi.

Uburyo nyamukuru bw'ubuvuzi harimo:

• Ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza amazi mu mubiri hakoreshejwe ibisubizo byihariye bya elektroliti
• Gukomeza konsa cyangwa guha amata y'umwana nk'uko bishoboka
• Gusubiza ibiryo bisanzwe buhoro buhoro
• Ikiruhuko n'ibikorwa byo guhumuriza
• Gukurikirana ibimenyetso byo gukama bikomeye
• Kujyanwa mu bitaro n'amazi atangwa mu mitsi niba gukama bikomeye bibaye

Ibisubizo byo gusubiza amazi mu mubiri nka Pedialyte byakozwe kugira ngo bisubize amazi n'ingufu z'umubiri zabuze. Ibi bikora neza kurusha amazi, umutobe, cyangwa ibinyobwa by'imikino, bishobora gutera impiswi zikomeye.

Antibiyotike ntabwo zizafasha kuko rotavirus ni indwara iterwa na virusi, atari bagiteri. Imiti yo kurwanya impiswi ntisanzwe isabwa ku bana kuko rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutuma indwara iramara igihe kirekire cyangwa gutera izindi ngaruka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo mu gihe cy'indwara ya rotavirus?

Abana benshi barwaye rotavirus bashobora kwitabwaho mu rugo hagamijwe kwita ku mazima n'ubuhumurize. Imirimo yawe nyamukuru ni ukugira ngo usubize amazi n'ingufu z'umubiri umwana wawe atakaje binyuze mu mpiswi no kuruka.

Dore uko ushobora gufasha umwana wawe gukira mu rugo:

• Muhe utudutsi duto, twinshi tw'ibisubizo byo gusubiza amazi mu mubiri
• Komeza konsa cyangwa guha amata y'umwana nk'uko umwana wawe abishobora
• Tangira ibiryo byoroshye nka bananes, umuceri, applesauce, na toasts
• Kwima amatungo ya mukamo by'igihe gito kuko bishobora gutera impiswi zikomeye
• Gugumisha umwana wawe ameze neza aruhuka kandi umwitaho
• Kwitondera inkari n'ubuzima muri rusange

Ha ibisubizo byo gusubiza amazi mu mubiri mu bwinshi buto buri minota mike aho kuba mu bwinshi bunini icyarimwe, bishobora gutera kuruka kurushaho. Niba umwana wawe aruka, tegereza iminota 15-20 mbere yo kongera kugerageza n'ubwinshi buto kurushaho.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso byo gukama nko kugabanuka kw'inkari, akanwa kari kumeze nabi, cyangwa kwiyongera kw'umujinya. Abana benshi batangira kumera neza mu minsi mike, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora kumara ibyumweru.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga bishobora gufasha guha umwana wawe ubuvuzi bwiza. Gukusanya amakuru y'ingenzi mbere bizafasha muganga wawe gukora isuzuma ryiza.

Mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe, tegura amakuru akurikira:

• Igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n'uko byakomeje
• Ubwinshi bw'impinduka n'ukurukwa
• Amateka y'inkingo z'umwana wawe
• Ibyaherukaga guhura n'uburwayi cyangwa ingendo
• Ibyo wagerageje mu buvuzi kugeza ubu
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama wabonye
• Imiti cyangwa ibinyobwa by'inyongera ubu

Andika ibibazo byihariye ushaka kubaza, nko igihe umwana wawe ashobora gusubira mu ishuri cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwitondera. Ntucikwe no kuvuga niba abandi bagize umuryango cyangwa abantu bahuye na we bafite ibimenyetso nk'ibyo.

Zana icyitegererezo cy'amashyira giheruka niba muganga wawe yarabisabye, kandi tekereza kubika ibyanditswe by'amazi umwana wawe anywa n'ayakuramo niba agira ikibazo cyo kubona amazi ahagije.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri rotavirus

Rotavirus ni indwara isanzwe ariko ishobora kwirindwa itera impiswi zikomeye ku bana bato. Nubwo ishobora gutera umwana wawe ikibazo cyane iminsi mike, abana benshi barakira neza hakoreshejwe ubufasha bukwiye mu rugo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kwibuka ni uko inkingo zitanga uburinzi bwiza, kandi kugumisha umwana wawe afite amazi ahagije ni ingenzi mu gukira. Uburwayi bwinshi burakira mu cyumweru nta ngaruka, nubwo ugomba guhora ugana kwa muganga wawe niba uhangayikishijwe.

Hamwe no kwirinda neza binyuze mu nkingo n'isuku nziza, hamwe no kuvurwa vuba igihe bikenewe, rotavirus ntigomba kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw'umwana wawe. Izera icyo umutima wawe ukubwira nk'umubyeyi kandi ntutinye gushaka inama y'abaganga igihe uhangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho kuri rotavirus

Q1: Abantu bakuru bashobora kwandura rotavirus?

Yego, abantu bakuru bashobora kwandura rotavirus, ariko si byinshi kandi bikunze gutera ibimenyetso byoroheje kurusha ku bana. Indwara z'abantu bakuru zikunze kuba impiswi n'ububabare mu nda bikira vuba. Abantu bakuru bakunze kugira ubudahangarwa baturuka ku ndwara zo mu bwana, nubwo ubwo burinzi budahagije. Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n'ababyeyi bitaye ku bana banduye bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.

Q2: Rotavirus iramara igihe kingana iki?

Ibimenyetso bya rotavirus bisanzwe bimamara iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 8, abana benshi bakamer neza mu cyumweru. Kurukwa bisanzwe bihagarara nyuma y'umunsi 1-2, impiswi zishobora gukomeza iminsi myinshi. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ikibazo cyoroheje cy'igifu kugeza ku byumweru bibiri mu gihe umwijima wabo ukomeza gukira. Gukira burundu bisanzwe biba mu minsi 7-10 hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Q3: Urukingo rwa rotavirus rutekanye?

Yego, urukingo rwa rotavirus rutekanye cyane kandi rukora neza. Ingaruka zikomeye ni nke cyane, abana benshi nta kibazo bagira. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira umujinya muto cyangwa impiswi nyuma yo gukingirwa, ariko ibyo bimenyetso ni byoroheje. Urukingo rwarakozweho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kandi rufite amateka meza kuva rwatangira gukoreshwa muri 2006.

Q4: Umwana wanjye ashobora kwandura rotavirus inshuro nyinshi?

Yego, abana bashobora kwandura rotavirus inshuro nyinshi, nubwo indwara zikurikiyeho zikunze kuba zoroheje kurusha iya mbere. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa rotavirus, kandi kwandura ubwoko bumwe ntibutanga uburinzi buhagije ku bindi. Ariko kandi, buri ndwara ifasha kubaka ubudahangarwa, bityo abana bakuru n'abantu bakuru ntibakunze kugira indwara ikomeye ya rotavirus.

Q5: Umwana wanjye ashobora gusubira mu ishuri ry'abana bato ryari nyuma ya rotavirus?

Umwana wawe agomba kuguma mu rugo kugeza igihe amaze amasaha 24 adafite umuriro kandi impiswi ze zigabanutse cyangwa zihagaze. Ibigo byinshi byita ku bana bisaba ko abana badafite ibimenyetso by'uburwayi mu masaha nibura 24-48 mbere yo gusubira. Suzuma amabwiriza yihariye y'ishuri ry'abana bato, kuko amwe ashobora gusaba icyemezo cya muganga. Ibi bifasha kwirinda gukwirakwiza indwara ku bandi bana.