Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Ese ni iki?

Ese ni indwara iterwa na virusi, itera ibibyimba by’umutuku ku mubiri n’ibimenyetso nk’iby’igicurane. Izwi kandi nka rubéole, iyi ndwara yandura binyuze mu mubu w’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu ufite iyi ndwara akohose cyangwa agasetsa.

Abantu benshi barakira Ese batagize ibibazo by’igihe kirekire. Ariko kandi, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye ku mwana uri mu nda, cyane cyane mu mezi atatu ya mbere y’inda. Niyo mpamvu gahunda zo gukingira zatumye Ese iba nke cyane mu bihugu byinshi muri iki gihe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko Ese ikingirwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo. Iyo umaze kugira Ese cyangwa ukakingirwa, urinzwe ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Ese bigaragara mu byumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Abantu benshi, cyane cyane abana, bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bike cyane ku buryo batanamenya ko barwaye.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Ibibyimba by’umutuku cyangwa umuringa bitangirira mu maso bikamanuka.
• Ubushyuhe buke (busanzwe munsi ya 39°C)
• Umuhogo w’amaraso, cyane cyane inyuma y’amatwi no inyuma y’ijosi.
• Kuzana amazuru.
• Kubabara umutwe.
• Amaso atukura, yuzuye amazi.
• Kumva utameze neza.

Ibibyimba biranga iyi ndwara bisanzwe biba iminsi itatu, niyo mpamvu Ese rimwe na rimwe bitwa “igicurane cy’iminsi itatu.” Bitandukanye n’igicurane, ibibyimba bya Ese bisanzwe biba byoroshye kandi bitari byinshi.

Abakuze, cyane cyane abagore, bashobora kugira ibindi bimenyetso nk’ububabare bw’ingingo n’ubukakaye, cyane cyane mu myanya y’intoki, mu maboko, no mu mavi. Ubu bubabare bw’ingingo bushobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi ariko bukarangira burundu.

Ese iterwa n’iki?

Ese iterwa na virusi ya Ese, ikomoka mu muryango wa virusi witwa togavirusi. Iyi virusi yandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira byoroshye kuva ku muntu ku wundi binyuze mu mubu muto uri mu kirere.

Ushobora kwandura Ese iyo umuntu ufite iyi ndwara akohose, agasetsa, cyangwa aganira hafi yawe. Virusi ishobora kandi kwandura ukoresheje intoki zanduye ubundi ugatakaza izuru, akanwa cyangwa amaso.

Abantu bafite Ese bandura cyane igihe cy’icyumweru kimwe mbere y’uko ibibyimba bigaragara kandi bakomeza kwandura igihe cy’icyumweru kimwe nyuma y’uko ibibyimba bigaragara. Ibi bivuze ko umuntu ashobora kwandura virusi mbere y’uko amenya ko arwaye.

Abana bavuka bafite Ese y’ivuka bashobora kwanduza virusi igihe kirekire, bikabatuma bandura igihe kirekire. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu kwikingira ari ingenzi cyane mu kurinda abantu bafite ibibazo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Wagomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ukekako wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mufite Ese. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ryayo ku bandi, cyane cyane abagore batwite bashobora kuba bafite ibibazo.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye:

• Ubushyuhe burenze 39°C budakira n’imiti igabanya ubushyuhe.
• Kubabara umutwe cyane cyangwa guhagarara kw’ijosi.
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa inkorora idashira.
• Ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi mu mubiri nk’inyota ikabije cyangwa kunyara gake.
• Uburwayi budasanzwe cyangwa gucika intekerezo.

Niba utwite kandi warahuriye na Ese, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya, nubwo utagira ibimenyetso. Muganga wawe ashobora gupima ubudahangarwa bwawe kandi akaganira nawe ku ngamba zikurikira kugira ngo urinde wowe n’umwana wawe.

Ku bantu bakuru bafite ububabare bukabije bw’ingingo bubabangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi, isuzuma ry’abaganga rishobora gufasha mu kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ububabare no gukuraho izindi ndwara.

Ibyago byo kwandura Ese ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura Ese. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kwirinda wowe n’abandi.

Ibyago bikomeye harimo:

• Kudakingirwa Ese.
• Kuvuka mbere ya 1957 (igihe gahunda zo gukingira zitari zikwirakwira).
• Kugira ubudahangarwa buke bw’umubiri kubera indwara cyangwa imiti.
• Kujya mu bihugu aho urwego rw’inkingo rwa Ese ari hasi.
• Gukora mu buvuzi, amashuri, cyangwa ibigo byita ku bana.
• Kuba mu hantu hacuze aho indwara zikwirakwira byoroshye.

Abagore batwite bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye bitewe n’Ese. Niba ugiye gutwita, kureba ubudahangarwa bwawe mbere ni intambwe nziza yo kwirinda.

Abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw’umubiri, nka virusi itera SIDA cyangwa abafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kandi bagira ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Nubwo Ese isanzwe ari ntoya ku bana n’abakuze, rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ingaruka zisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga. Abantu benshi barakira batagize ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho harimo:

• Ububabare bw’ingingo n’uburwayi bw’ingingo, cyane cyane ku bagore bakuru.
• Indwara z’amatwi, cyane cyane ku bana bato.
• Kugabanuka kw’imbabura z’amaraso by’igihe gito bigatera kwishima kw’umubiri.
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri.

Ingaruka nke ariko zikomeye zishobora kubaho harimo kubyimba kw’ubwonko (encephalitis) cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye byo kuva amaraso kubera kugabanuka cyane kw’imbabura z’amaraso. Izi ngaruka ni nke ariko zigaragaza impamvu gukurikiranwa n’abaganga ari ingenzi.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane kuri Ese ni Ese y’ivuka, iba iyo umugore utwite yanduza umwana we uri mu nda. Ibi bishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye ku mwana harimo ibibazo by’umutima, kubura kumva, ibibazo by’amaso, n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.

Ibyago byo kugira Ese y’ivuka biri hejuru cyane iyo kwandura bibaye mu mezi atatu ya mbere y’inda, aho abana bagera kuri 90% bagira ibibazo. Kwandura nyuma mu gihe cy’inda bigira ibyago bike ariko bikomeye.

Ese ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Ese ikingirwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo, kandi ibi bikomeza kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n’umuryango wawe. Urukingo rwa MMR, rurinda igicurane, ibicurane by’amatwi, na Ese, ni rwiza kandi rufite akamaro kanini.

Abana benshi bahabwa urukingo rwa mbere rwa MMR hagati y’amezi 12-15, urundi rukingo ruhabwa hagati y’imyaka 4-6. Iyi gahunda y’inkingo ebyiri itanga ubudahangarwa bw’ubuzima bwose ku bantu benshi.

Abakuze batari bazi neza uko bakingiwe bagomba kuvugana n’abaganga babo ku bijyanye no gukingirwa. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku bagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara, abakozi bo mu buvuzi, n’abajya mu mahanga.

Niba ugiye gutwita, menya neza ko ukingiwe Ese byibuze ukwezi kumwe mbere yo gutwita. Urukingo rwa MMR rurimo virusi nzima kandi rudakwiye guhabwa mu gihe cy’inda, nubwo ari nta kibazo kurufata mu gihe cyo konsa.

Imyitwarire myiza yo kwisukura ishobora kandi gufasha mu kwirinda ikwirakwira rya Ese. Koga intoki kenshi, kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye, no gupfuka aho ukohose cyangwa ugasatsa kugira ngo urinde abandi.

Ese imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya Ese bishobora kuba bigoye kuko ibimenyetso byayo bisa n’iby’izindi ndwara nyinshi ziterwa na virusi. Muganga wawe azatangira akugenzura ibimenyetso byawe kandi akubaze amateka yawe yo gukingirwa n’aho uherutse kuva.

Ibibyimba biranga iyi ndwara bishobora gutanga amakuru akomeye, ariko ibizamini bya laboratwari bisanzwe bikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza. Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kumenya antikorps zihariye za Ese zigaragaza kwandura ubu cyangwa ubudahangarwa bwa kera.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka igipimo cya antikorps ya IgM, kigaragaza kwandura gishya, cyangwa igipimo cya antikorps ya IgG, kigaragaza kwandura kera cyangwa gukingirwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ibice byo mu muhogo cyangwa ibishishwa by’inkari bikusanywa kugira ngo virusi imenyekane neza.

Ku bagore batwite, ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora gusabwa kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe cyo kwandura no gusuzuma ibyago ku mwana uri mu nda. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini by’amaraso byinshi n’isuzuma rya ultrasound.

Kumenya neza hakiri kare ni ingenzi atari mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura gusa, ahubwo no gushyiraho ingamba zo gutandukanya abantu kugira ngo birinde ikwirakwira ryayo ku bantu bafite ibibazo, cyane cyane abagore batwite.

Ese ivurwa ite?

Nta muti udasanzwe wo kurwanya virusi ya Ese, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi barakira neza bafashwe neza. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe buzarwanya iyi ndwara, bisanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.

Ubuvuzi bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso no kugutuma wumva umeze neza mu gihe ukomeza gukira:

• Kuruhukira no kunywa amazi menshi kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukire.
• Paracetamol cyangwa Ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe n’ububabare.
• Ibisate by’amazi kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw’uruhu.
• Ibisate byo mu muhogo cyangwa amazi ashyushye y’umunyu kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw’umutwe.

Irinde guha abana cyangwa urubyiruko aspirine bafite Ese, kuko bishobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa Reye’s syndrome. Koresha paracetamol cyangwa ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe ku bana.

Abakuze bafite ububabare bukomeye bw’ingingo bashobora kungukirwa n’imiti igabanya ububabare cyangwa imyitozo yo kwerekana ingingo. Ariko kandi, irinda gukora imyitozo ikomeye kugeza ubwo uzumva umeze neza.

Gutandukanya abantu ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo kuvura kugira ngo urinde abandi. Rema mu rugo uvuye mu kazi, ishuri, cyangwa ibigo byita ku bana byibuze icyumweru kimwe nyuma y’uko ibibyimba bigaragara, kandi wirinda kwegera abagore batwite muri icyo gihe.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Ese

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe mu gihe ufite Ese bigamije kugufasha kumva umeze neza no kwirinda kwanduza abandi. Abantu benshi bashobora gucunga ibimenyetso byabo neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura.

Dore uko wakwitaho mu gihe uri gukira:

• Ruhukira ubone ibitotsi bihagije kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe bukore neza.
• Nyunwa amazi menshi nka amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, n’isupu.
• Funga ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye kugogora iyo ubona ubishoboye.
• Koresha humidifier cyangwa uhumeka umwuka ushyushye uva mu bwogero kugira ngo ugabanye ibibazo byo guhumeka.
• Koga amazi ashyushye afite oatmeal cyangwa soda kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw’uruhu.

Komeza aho uba hameze neza ufite umwuka mwiza n’ubushyuhe buciriritse. Irinde gukuraho ibibyimba, kuko bishobora gutera izindi ndwara z’uruhu cyangwa ibikomere.

Komeza ukurebe ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba ubushyuhe burenze 39°C, niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe cyangwa guhagarara kw’ijosi, cyangwa niba ubona ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi mu mubiri.

Wibuke kuguma utandukanije n’abandi, cyane cyane abagore batwite, byibuze icyumweru kimwe nyuma y’uko ibibyimba bigaragara. Ibi bifasha mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’indwara ku bantu bafite ibibazo.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitoza gusura muganga wawe iyo ukekako ufite Ese bishobora kugufasha kubona isuzuma ryiza kandi ubone ubufasha bukwiye. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gutuma inama yawe iba myiza.

Mbere y’inama yawe, kora ibi bintu:

• Amateka yawe yo gukingirwa, harimo inkingo za MMR n’ibimenyetso byazo niba bihari.
• Ibisobanuro by’igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n’uko byakomeje.
• Uruzinduko uherutse kugira cyangwa aho uherutse guhura n’abarwayi.
• Imiti ukoresha ubu n’ibintu ufite allergie.
• Ibibazo ku bijyanye no gutandukanya abantu n’igihe ushobora gusubira mu buzima busanzwe.

Hamagara mbere ubwira ibiro ko ukekako ufite Ese kugira ngo bafate ingamba zikwiye. Ibigo byinshi by’ubuvuzi bikunda kubona abarwayi bashobora kwandura mu masaha runaka cyangwa mu bice bitandukanye.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo afashe kwibuka amakuru akomeye, cyane cyane niba utumva umeze neza. Andika ibibazo byawe mbere kugira ngo utabyibagirwa mu gihe cy’inama.

Tegura kuvugana n’umwanya wawe w’akazi cyangwa ishuri, kuko muganga wawe azakenera kugira inama ku bijyanye no gutandukanya abantu n’igihe ari byiza gusubira mu buzima busanzwe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Ese

Ese ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi ariko ntabwo ikomeye, kandi ikingirwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo. Nubwo abantu benshi barakira batagize ibibazo, iyi ndwara igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bana bari mu nda iyo abagore batwite bayanduye.

Urukingo rwa MMR ni rwo kurinda cyane Ese kandi rwagabanije cyane ubwandu ku isi hose. Niba utari uzi neza uko wakiriye inkingo, cyane cyane niba uri umugore ufite imyaka yo kubyara, vugana n’umuganga wawe ku bijyanye no gukingirwa.

Niba ufite Ese, kuruhuka no kwitaho neza bizagufasha gukira neza. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukutandukanya n’abandi, cyane cyane abagore batwite, kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza abandi.

Wibuke ko Ese ari nke cyane mu bihugu byinshi kubera gahunda z’inkingo zatsinze. Ukoresheje inkingo, ntabwo urinda wowe gusa ahubwo urinda n’abantu bafite ibibazo mu muryango wawe.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri Ese

Ese ushobora kwandura Ese kabiri?

Oya, ntushobora kwandura Ese kabiri. Iyo umaze kugira Ese cyangwa wakiriye urukingo rwa MMR, ugira ubudahangarwa bw’ubuzima bwawe bwose. Ubudahangarwa bwawe buzibuka virusi kandi bushobora kuyirwanya vuba niba uyongeye guhura nayo. Niyo mpamvu urukingo rwa MMR rufite akamaro kanini mu kwirinda kwandura.

Ubudahangarwa bwa Ese buramara igihe kingana iki nyuma yo gukingirwa?

Ubudahangarwa bwa Ese buturuka ku rukingo rwa MMR busanzwe buramara ubuzima bwose ku bantu benshi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu barenga 95% bahabwa inkingo ebyiri bakomeza kugira urwego rw’antikorps zirinda igihe kirekire. Bamwe mu bakuru bashobora kuba bakeneye urundi rukingo niba ibizamini by’amaraso byerekana ko ubudahangarwa bugabanuka, ariko ibi ni bike.

Ese Ese ni ikintu gikomeye ku bagabo?

Ese isanzwe ari nto ku bagabo kandi ntabwo itera ingaruka zikomeye. Abagabo bakuru bashobora kugira ububabare bw’ingingo n’ubukakaye, ariko ibi bisanzwe bikira mu byumweru bike. Ikibazo gikomeye ku bagabo ni ukwirinda kwanduza abagore batwite, niyo mpamvu kwikingira ari ingenzi kuri buri wese.

Ese abagore batwite bashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa Ese?

Oya, abagore batwite ntibagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa MMR kuko rurimo virusi nzima. Ariko kandi, abagore bashobora guhabwa urukingo mu gihe cyo konsa. Niba ugiye gutwita, menya neza ko wakiriye inkingo byibuze ukwezi kumwe mbere yo gutwita kugira ngo urinde.

Ese Ese itandukaniye he n’igicurane?

Nubwo zombi ziterwa n’ibibyimba n’ubushyuhe, Ese isanzwe ari nto kurusha igicurane. Ibibyimba bya Ese bisanzwe biba byoroshye kandi bitari byinshi, kandi iyi ndwara isanzwe imara iminsi 3-5 ugereranyije n’igicurane gishobora kumara iminsi 7-10. Igicurane kandi giterwa n’ibimenyetso bikomeye nk’ubushyuhe bukabije, inkorora ikomeye, n’ibibyimba bito by’umweru mu kanwa.