Rubella

Rubella ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi izwi cyane kubera ubururu bw'umutuku butandukanye. Izwi kandi nka kizami cy'Abadage cyangwa kizami cy'iminsi itatu. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bike cyangwa nta bimenyetso na bimwe mu bantu benshi. Ariko, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku bana bataravuka ababyeyi babo banduye mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Rubella si kimwe na kizami, ariko izo ndwara zombi zigira ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, nko kurwara umutuku. Rubella iterwa na virusi itandukanye na kizami, kandi rubella ntabwo yandura cyangwa ikomeye nka kizami.

Udukoko two gukingira kizami-igicuri-rubella (MMR) ni twizewe kandi tugira akamaro cyane mu gukumira rubella. Urwo rukingo rutanga uburinzi bw'ubuzima bwose kuri rubella.

Mu bihugu byinshi, indwara ya rubella ni nke cyangwa ntabwo ihaba. Ariko, kubera ko urukingo rutarikoresha hose, virusi ikomeza gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku bana ababyeyi babo banduye mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya rubella bikunze kuba bigoye kubibona, cyane cyane mu bana. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bigaragara hagati y'ibyumweru bibiri n'bitatu nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Bisanzwe bimamara iminsi igera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 5 kandi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Urufuriro ruke rwa 102 F (38.9 C) cyangwa munsi yaho
• Kubabara umutwe
• Izuru rifite umusega cyangwa ritemba
• Amaso atukura, afite iseseme
• Imihango y'amaraso ikomeye, ibabaza mu gice cyo hasi cy'umutwe, inyuma y'ijosi no inyuma y'amatwi
• Urusenda rurerure, rwera, rutangirira mu maso rugakwirakwira vuba mu mubiri hanyuma rugakwirakwira mu maboko n'amaguru, mbere yo kuzimira muri uwo muhora
• Kubabara mu ngingo, cyane cyane mu bagore bakiri bato

Hamagara umuvuzi wawe niba utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mwahuye na rubella cyangwa niba ubona ibimenyetso cyangwa ibipimo bishobora kuba rubella.

Niba utekereza gutwita, reba impapuro zawe z'inkingo kugira ngo wize neza ko wakozwe inkingo ya morbilli-rubéole-rougeole (MMR). Niba utwite kandi ukagira rubella, cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya mbere, virusi ishobora gutera urupfu cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye by'amavuko mu mwana uri gutwitwa. Rubella mu gihe cyo gutwita ni yo ntandaro ikunze gutera ubumuga bwo kutumva. Ni byiza kurinda rubella mbere yo gutwita.

Niba utwite, ushobora gukorerwa isuzuma rya buri munsi ry'ubudahangarwa kuri rubella. Ariko niba utarakozwe inkingo kandi utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye na rubella, hamagara umuvuzi wawe vuba bishoboka. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kwemeza ko umaze kugira ubudahangarwa.

Rubella iterwa na virusi ikwirakwira hagati y'abantu. Ishobora gukwirakwira iyo umuntu wanduye akose cyangwa agasetsa. Ishobora kandi gukwirakwira hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bw'amazuru n'umunwa. Ishobora kandi guhererekanywa kuva ku mubyeyi utwite ku mwana uri mu nda binyuze mu maraso.

Umuntu wanduye virusi itera rubella aba afite uburwayi mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe mbere y'uko uburwayi bugaragarira ku mubiri kugeza ku cyumweru kimwe nyuma y'aho uburwayi buciye. Umuntu wanduye ashobora gukwirakwiza indwara mbere y'uko amenya ko ayifite.

Rubella ni gake mu bihugu byinshi kuko abana benshi basingizwa inkingo z'iyo ndwara bakiri bato. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe tw'isi, virusi ikomeje gukora. Ibi ni ikintu gikwiye gutekerezwaho mbere yo kujya mu mahanga, cyane cyane niba utwite.

Iyo umaze kurwara iyo ndwara, uba ufite ubudahangarwa burundu.

Rubella ni indwara yoroheje. Abagore bamwe bafite rubella bagira uburwayi bw'amagufa mu myanya y'intoki, mu maboko no mu mavi, bisanzwe bimara igihe cy'ukwezi kumwe. Mu bihe bitoroshye, rubella ishobora gutera indwara y'amatwi cyangwa kubyimba mu bwonko.

Ariko rero, niba utwite igihe ufite rubella, ingaruka ku mwana utaravuka zishobora kuba zikomeye, kandi rimwe na rimwe, bikaba byamuhitana. Kugeza kuri 90% by'abana bavutse ku mubyeyi wari ufite rubella mu byumweru 12 bya mbere byo gutwita, bagira rubella yavutse bayifite (congenital rubella syndrome). Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ikibazo kimwe cyangwa ibindi, birimo:

• Gukura gake
• Cataractes
• Kutacumva
• Ibibazo mu iterambere ry'umutima (congenital heart defects)
• Ibibazo mu iterambere ry'izindi nzego
• Ibibazo mu iterambere ry'ubwenge no kwiga

Ibyago byinshi ku mwana uri mu nda biba mu gihembwe cya mbere, ariko no kwandura nyuma yacyo nabyo biragira akaga.

Urukingo rwa rubella rusanzwe rutangwa nk'urukingo rusanganira urwa mumps na measles (MMR). Uru rukingo rushobora kandi gukubiyemo urukingo rwa varicella (igicurane cy'inkoko) - urukingo rwa MMRV. Abaganga batanga inama yo guha abana urukingo rwa MMR hagati y'amezi 12 na 15, kandi bongere babuhe hagati y'imyaka 4 na 6 - mbere yo kujya ku ishuri. Urukingo rwa MMR rurinda rubella kandi rukarinda ubuzima bwose. Kwakira urukingo bishobora gukumira rubella mu gihe cyo gutwita mu gihe kizaza. Abana bavutse ku bagore bahawe urukingo cyangwa abamaze kugira ubudahangarwa bakunda kurindwa rubella mu mezi 6 kugeza ku 8 nyuma yo kuvuka. Niba umwana akeneye kurindwa rubella mbere y'amezi 12 - urugero, kubera ingendo runaka mu mahanga - urukingo rushobora gutangwa hakiri kare mu mezi 6. Ariko abana bakingiwe hakiri kare bagomba gukingirwa mu myaka isabwa nyuma yaho. Gutanga urukingo rwa MMR nk'urukingo rusanganira urundi rwakozwe, bishobora gukumira gutinda kurinda indwara ya measles, mumps na rubella - kandi hakabaho inshinge nke. Urukingo rusanganira urundi ni rwiza kandi rukora neza nk'urukingo rutangwa ukwaryo.

Ukwishima kwa rubella kumesa gusa n'ubundi kwishima kenshi guterwa na virusi. Bityo, abaganga bakunze kwemeza rubella bafashijwe n'ibipimo byo muri laboratwari. Ushobora gukorerwa ikizamini cyo guhinga virusi cyangwa igipimo cy'amaraso, gishobora kugaragaza ubwoko butandukanye bw'antikorps za rubella mu maraso yawe. Izi antikorps zigaragaza niba warigeze urwara cyangwa ufite ubwandu bushya cyangwa niba warakingiwe rubella.

Nta muti ugabanya igihe cy’ubwandu bwa rubella, kandi akenshi ibimenyetso ntibikenera kuvurwa kuko akenshi biba bito. Ariko rero, abaganga bakunda kugira inama yo kwirinda abandi — cyane cyane abagore batwite — mu gihe cy’ubwandu. Kwima abandi kuva igihe rubella ikekwereweho kugeza hashize iminsi irindwi nyuma y’aho ibibyimba by’uruhu bimaze gushira.

Ubufasha bw’uruhinja ruvuka rufite syndrome ya rubella yavutse, butandukanye bitewe n’ingaruka z’uruhinja. Abana bafite ibibazo byinshi bashobora gukenera kuvurwa hakiri kare n’itsinda ry’inzobere.