Iguhuha Ryasakaye (Umwenge Waguye)

Iguhuha ryumotsi (tympanic membrane perforation) ni umwobo cyangwa umwenda mu mpapuro zoroheje zihana uruhuri rwamatwi n'amatwi yo hagati (igihumyo).

Iguhuha ryumotsi rishobora gutera igihombo cyumvikana. Bishobora kandi gutuma amatwi yo hagati ahura nibibazo byindwara.

Iguhuha ryumotsi risanzwe rikira muminsi mike nta buvuzi. Ariko rimwe na rimwe bisaba igipande cyangwa kuvura kugirango gikire.

Ibishimisho n'ibimenyetso byo gucika kw'uruhande rw'amatwi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kubabara amatwi bishobora guhita bigabanuka
• Imyanda imeze nk'imyanda, ifite ubusembwa cyangwa amaraso iva mu gutwi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kumva
• Guhumuriza mu matwi (tinnitus)
• Kumva umutwe urimo guzunguruka (vertigo)
• Kwicuza cyangwa kuruka bishobora guterwa na vertigo

Hamagara umuvuzi wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso by'uruhande rw'amatwi rwamenetse. Utuntu tugize amatwi yo hagati n'ay'imbere ni udushobora kwangirika cyangwa kwandura. Ni ngombwa gushaka icyateye ibibazo by'amatwi no kumenya niba uruhande rw'amatwi rwamenetse.

Impamvu zishobora gutera kwangirika (gucika) kw'ikibuno cy'amatwi zishobora kuba:

• Dukuri y'amatwi (otitis media). Dukuri y'amatwi akenshi itera gukusanya amazi mu matwi yo hagati. Igisubizo cy'ayo mazi gishobora gutera kwangirika kw'ikibuno cy'amatwi.

• Barotrauma. Barotrauma ni igitutu gikorwa ku kibuno cy'amatwi iyo igitutu cy'umwuka mu matwi yo hagati n'igitutu cy'umwuka mu kirere bidahuye. Niba igitutu gikabije, ikibuno cy'amatwi gishobora kwangirika. Barotrauma iterwa cyane cyane n'impinduka z'umuvuduko w'ikirere zijyana no kugenda mu ndege.

  Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera impinduka z'umuvuduko zitunguranye - kandi bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'ikibuno cy'amatwi - birimo koga munsi y'amazi no gukubita amatwi, nko gukubita umufuka w'imodoka.

• Amajwi cyangwa iterabwoba rikomeye (acoustic trauma). Ijwi cyangwa iterabwoba rikomeye, nko guturika cyangwa urusasu - ikintu cy'umuvuduko ukabije w'amajwi - bishobora gutera umwenda mu kibuno cy'amatwi.

• Ibintu by'amahanga mu gutwi. Ibintu bito, nka kashe cyangwa umugozi, bishobora gucika cyangwa kwangiza ikibuno cy'amatwi.

• Trauma ikomeye y'umutwe. Imvune ikomeye, nko gucika kw'igitutu cy'umutwe, bishobora gutera kwimuka cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibice by'amatwi yo hagati n'imbere, harimo na kibuno cy'amatwi.

Igisindo cy'amatwi (tympanic membrane) gifite imirimo ibiri y'ibanze:

• Kumva. Iyo amasese y'amajwi ayigizeho, igisindo cy'amatwi kigenda kihindagurika — intambwe ya mbere aho ibice by'amatwi yo hagati n'imbere bihindura amasese y'amajwi mu bimenyetso by'imikaya.
• Kurinda. Igisindo cy'amatwi kandi gikora nk'ikibabi, kirinda amatwi yo hagati amazi, udukoko n'ibindi bintu by'amahanga.

Iyo igisindo cy'amatwi cyarimburutse, ibibazo bidasanzwe bishobora kubaho, cyane cyane niba kitakira kigakira nyuma y'amezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Kubura kumva. Ubusanzwe, kubura kumva biba by'igihe gito, bikamara gusa kugeza igihe umwenda cyangwa umwobo wo mu gisindo cy'amatwi wakize. Ubunini n'aho umwenda uherereye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero rw'ubura bw'ukumva.
• Dukoko mu matwi yo hagati (otitis media). Igisindo cy'amatwi cyarimburutse (cyafunzwe) gishobora kureka udukoko kwinjira mu gutwi. Niba igisindo cy'amatwi cyarimburutse kitakira, umubare muto w'abantu bashobora kuba bafite intege nke yo kwandura (gusubiramo cyangwa guhoraho). Muri uwo mutwe muto, isukura ihoraho no kubura kumva bishobora kubaho.
• Umuhondo mu matwi yo hagati (cholesteatoma). Nubwo ari gake cyane, uyu muhondo, ugizwe n'uturemangingo tw'uruhu n'ibindi bintu, ushobora gukura mu matwi yo hagati nk'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire zo kurimburuka kw'igisindo cy'amatwi.

Ibisigazwa byo mu muhogo w'amatwi bisanzwe bijya mu gutwi rwo hanze bifashishijwe ibinure birinda amatwi. Niba igisindo cy'amatwi cyarimburutse, ibisigazwa by'uruhu bishobora kwinjira mu matwi yo hagati bikabera umuhondo.

Umuhondo uri mu matwi yo hagati utanga ibidukikije byiza ku dukoko kandi ukubiyemo poroteyine zishobora kwangiza amagufwa y'amatwi yo hagati.

"Inama zikurikira zagufasha kwirinda kwangirika kw'itongo ry'umutwe (ryacitse):\n* Fata imiti y'indwara z'amatwi yo hagati. Menya ibimenyetso n'ibigaragaza indwara y'amatwi yo hagati, birimo kubabara amatwi, guhinda umuriro, ibicurane no kugabanuka kumva. Abana barwaye indwara z'amatwi yo hagati bakunda kuba bafite umujinya kandi bashobora kwanga kurya. Shaka ubuvuzi bw'umuganga vuba kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'itongo ry'umutwe.\n* Kurengera amatwi yawe mu gihe cy'ingendo z'indege. Niba bishoboka, ntukore ingendo z'indege ufite ibicurane cyangwa indwara y'ibyago ikuberaho ibicurane cyangwa guhinda umuriro mu mazuru. Mu gihe indege ihaguruka cyangwa igera hasi, komeza amatwi yawe adafunze ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gufungura amatwi, guhumura cyangwa kuruma iminyanya. Cyangwa koresha uburyo bwa Valsalva - gusunika umwuka mu mazuru buhoro buhoro, nk'aho urimo guhanagura izuru, ugafata amajosi kandi ukomeza akanwa kawe gafunze. Ntuzarame mu gihe indege iri kuzamuka cyangwa iri kugwa.\n* Komeza amatwi yawe adafite ibintu by'amahanga. Ntugerageze gukuraho ibyuya byinshi cyangwa bikomeye mu matwi hakoreshejwe ibintu nka kashe, agace k'umupira cyangwa umugozi. Ibi bintu birashobora koroshya cyangwa gucika itongo ry'umutwe. Bigisha abana bawe ibyangirika bishobora guterwa no gushyira ibintu by'amahanga mu matwi yabo.\n* Kwirinda urusaku rw'amabara. Irinde ibikorwa byerekana amatwi ku myuka. Niba ibyo ukunda cyangwa umurimo wawe birimo ibikorwa byateguwe bitanga urusaku rw'amabara, kingira amatwi yawe kwangirika bidakenewe ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kurinda amatwi cyangwa ibikoresho byo kurinda amatwi."

Umuganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'amatwi n'izuru (ENT) akenshi ashobora kumenya niba ufite umukaba w'amatwi (uwatuye) hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amaso akoresheje igikoresho gifite amatara (otoscope cyangwa mikoroskopi).

Umuganga wawe ashobora gukora cyangwa gutegeka ibizamini by'inyongera kugira ngo amenye icyateye ibimenyetso by'amatwi yawe cyangwa kumenya niba hari igihombo cy'umva. Ibi bizamini birimo:

Isuzuma ry'amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi (tuning fork). Amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi ni ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite amaguru abiri, bitanga amajwi iyo bikubise. Ibipimo byoroshye bikoresheje amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi bishobora gufasha umuganga wawe kumenya igihombo cy'umva.

Isuzuma ry'amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi rishobora kandi kugaragaza niba igihombo cy'umva giterwa n'uko ibice by'amatwi yo hagati byangiritse (harimo n'umukaba w'amatwi), ibice by'amatwi yo imbere byangiritse cyangwa ibyombi.

• Ibizamini bya Laboratwari. Niba hari ibintu bivuye mu matwi, umuganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ikizamini cya Laboratwari cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura kugira ngo amenye niba hari ubwandu bw'ibyago mu matwi yo hagati.

• Isuzuma ry'amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi (tuning fork). Amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi ni ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite amaguru abiri, bitanga amajwi iyo bikubise. Ibipimo byoroshye bikoresheje amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi bishobora gufasha umuganga wawe kumenya igihombo cy'umva.

  Isuzuma ry'amajwi akoreshwa mu gupima ubumenyi bw'amatwi rishobora kandi kugaragaza niba igihombo cy'umva giterwa n'uko ibice by'amatwi yo hagati byangiritse (harimo n'umukaba w'amatwi), ibice by'amatwi yo imbere byangiritse cyangwa ibyombi.

• Tympanometry. Tympanometry ikoresha igikoresho gishyirwa mu muyoboro w'amatwi gipima uko umukaba w'amatwi usubiza impinduka nto z'umuvuduko w'ikirere. Imiterere runaka y'igisubizo ishobora kugaragaza umukaba w'amatwi watutse.

• Isuzuma ry'amatwi (Audiology exam). Iri ni igikorwa cy'ibizamini bipima uko wumva amajwi neza ku mpuzandengo zitandukanye n'amajwi. Ibizamini bikorwa mu cyumba kidacika umuzika.

Ibisanzura nyinshi ziracika (zirakonja) zirishima utabajwe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike. Umuganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti yo kwisiga mu matwi niba hari ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu. Niba umwenda cyangwa umwobo uri mu gisabo utashobora kwishima wenyine, ubuvuzi buzakenera kubamo uburyo bwo gufunga umwenda cyangwa umwobo. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

Igisabo cyo gukinga. Niba umwenda cyangwa umwobo uri mu gisabo utashobora kwishima wenyine, inzobere mu buvuzi bw'amatwi ishobora kuwufunga ikoresheje igisabo cy'impapuro (cyangwa igisabo gikozwe mu kindi kintu).

Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, umuganga wawe ushinzwe kuvura amatwi ashobora gushyira umuti ku mpande z'umwenda, bishobora guteza imbere gukira kw'igisabo, hanyuma agashyiraho igisabo hejuru y'umwobo. Ubu buryo bushobora kuba bukenerwa gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi mbere y'uko umwobo ufunze.

Ubuvuzi. Niba igisabo kitazana gukira neza cyangwa umuganga wawe ushinzwe kuvura amatwi yemeza ko umwenda udafite amahirwe yo gukira ukoresheje igisabo, ashobora kugutegurira ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe bwitwa tympanoplasty. Umuganga wawe azashyiraho igisabo cy'umubiri wawe kugira ngo afunge umwobo uri mu gisabo. Ubu buryo bukorwa mu bitaro, ariko umuntu ashobora gutaha uwo munsi, keretse ibibazo by'ubuvuzi by'ibiyobyabwenge bisaba igihe kirekire mu bitaro.

Mu mubare w'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, umuganga wawe avura igisabo cyaciwe akoresheje uburyo bwitwa tympanoplasty. Umuganga wawe azashyiraho igisabo gito cy'umubiri wawe kugira ngo afunge umwobo uri mu gisabo.

• Igisabo cyo gukinga. Niba umwenda cyangwa umwobo uri mu gisabo utashobora kwishima wenyine, inzobere mu buvuzi bw'amatwi ishobora kuwufunga ikoresheje igisabo cy'impapuro (cyangwa igisabo gikozwe mu kindi kintu).

  Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, umuganga wawe ushinzwe kuvura amatwi ashobora gushyira umuti ku mpande z'umwenda, bishobora guteza imbere gukira kw'igisabo, hanyuma agashyiraho igisabo hejuru y'umwobo. Ubu buryo bushobora kuba bukenerwa gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi mbere y'uko umwobo ufunze.

• Ubuvuzi. Niba igisabo kitazana gukira neza cyangwa umuganga wawe ushinzwe kuvura amatwi yemeza ko umwenda udafite amahirwe yo gukira ukoresheje igisabo, ashobora kugutegurira ubuvuzi.

  Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe bwitwa tympanoplasty. Umuganga wawe azashyiraho igisabo cy'umubiri wawe kugira ngo afunge umwobo uri mu gisabo. Ubu buryo bukorwa mu bitaro, ariko umuntu ashobora gutaha uwo munsi, keretse ibibazo by'ubuvuzi by'ibiyobyabwenge bisaba igihe kirekire mu bitaro.

Urubura rwumotse (rwatuye) rusanzwe rwikira ubwaryo mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike. Mu bindi bihe, gukira bishobora gufata amezi. Kugeza igihe umuvuzi wawe akubwiye ko ugutwi kwawe gukize, kurinde uko:

• Kugumisha ugutwi gukuma. Shira igipfundikizo cy'amatwi cy'isilikon gishobora gufata amazi cyangwa umupira w'ipamba woshye muri peteroli mu gutwi igihe uri koga cyangwa uri kwiyuhagira.
• Kwirinda gusukura amatwi. Reka urubura rugire igihe cyo gukira neza.
• Kwirinda gufungura izuru. Igisubizo gikorerwa igihe ufunga izuru gishobora kwangiza urubura rukira.