Ibihombo

Ikigoryi ni ukubura kudasanzwe kw'umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu bwonko. Bishobora gutera impinduka mu myitwarire, mu mikorere, mu byiyumvo no mu rwego rw'ubumwe bw'ubwenge. Indwara y'igicuri iterwa no kugira ibigoryi bibiri cyangwa birenga, byabaye mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, bitazwi icyabiteye. Ariko, indwara y'igicuri ntigatera ibigoryi byose.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibigoryi. Bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye kandi bitandukanye uko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ubwoko bw'ibigoryi butandukanye kandi bitewe n'aho bitangirira mu bwonko n'aho bigera. Ibigoryi byinshi birama iminota 30 kugeza kuri ibiri. Ikigoryi kiramba iminota irenga itanu ni ubutabazi bw'ubuvuzi.

Ibigoryi bishobora kubaho nyuma yo guturika kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa imvune y'umutwe. Udukoko nk'indwara ya meningitis cyangwa izindi ndwara nazo zishobora kuba intandaro. Ariko kenshi intandaro ntimenyekana.

Imiti ishobora gucunga ibigoryi byinshi, ariko ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo ubone uko ugenzura ibigoryi n'ingaruka mbi z'imiti.

Ibimenyetso bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko bw'igicuri. Bishobora kandi kugenda kuva ku bworoshye kugeza ku buremere. Ibimenyetso by'igicuri bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ubwumva bugufi.
• Igihe cyo guhagarara.
• Imitwaro y'amaboko n'amaguru idashobora guhagarara.
• Kubura ubwenge cyangwa ubumenyi.
• Impinduka mu kwiyumvisha cyangwa mu byiyumvo. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ubwoba, imihangayiko cyangwa kumva wari waramaze kubaho muri uwo mwanya, bizwi nka deja vu.

Igicuri gikunze kuba mu bwoko bubiri bwitwa focal cyangwa generalized. Ubwoko bw'igicuri bushingiye ku buryo n'aho ibikorwa by'ubwonko bitera igicuri byatangiriye. Niba abaganga batazi uko igicuri cyatangiriye, bashobora kuvuga ko igicuri kitazwi aho cyatangiriye.

Igicuri cya focal gituruka ku bikorwa by'amashanyarazi mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko. Ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri bushobora kubaho niba umuntu ataciye igihumure, cyangwa akaba yaciye igihumure.

• Igicuri cya focal gifite ubumenyi butaboneka. Ibi bicuri birimo impinduka cyangwa kubura ubwenge cyangwa ubumenyi bumva nk'aho uri mu nzozi. Mu gihe cy'ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri, abantu bashobora kugaragara nk'abari maso. Ariko bareba mu kirere kandi ntibasubiza ikintu cyose kibakikije.

Bashobora gusubiramo imyitozo nko gukorakora intoki no guhindura akanwa, gusubiramo amagambo amwe, cyangwa kugenda mu mizunguko. Bashobora kutabyibuka cyangwa ntibabimenye ko byabaye.

• Igicuri cya focal kidatuma ubumenyi butaboneka. Ibi bicuri bishobora guhindura ibyiyumvo. Bishobora kandi guhindura uko ibintu bigaragara, impumuro, uburyohe, impumuro cyangwa ijwi. Ariko abantu bafite igicuri cya focal ntibacika igihumure.

Mu gihe cy'ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri, abantu bashobora kumva uburakari, ibyishimo cyangwa agahinda. Bamwe mu bantu bagira isereri cyangwa ibyiyumvo bidasanzwe bigoye gusobanura. Ibi bicuri bishobora gutera ibibazo mu kuvuga no guhindagura igice cy'umubiri nka ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru. Bishobora kandi gutera ibimenyetso by'umwijima nko guhumeka, guhindagurika no kubona amatara acyeye.

Igicuri cya focal gifite ubumenyi butaboneka. Ibi bicuri birimo impinduka cyangwa kubura ubwenge cyangwa ubumenyi bumva nk'aho uri mu nzozi. Mu gihe cy'ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri, abantu bashobora kugaragara nk'abari maso. Ariko bareba mu kirere kandi ntibasubiza ikintu cyose kibakikije.

Bashobora gusubiramo imyitozo nko gukorakora intoki no guhindura akanwa, gusubiramo amagambo amwe, cyangwa kugenda mu mizunguko. Bashobora kutabyibuka cyangwa ntibabimenye ko byabaye.

Igicuri cya focal kidatuma ubumenyi butaboneka. Ibi bicuri bishobora guhindura ibyiyumvo. Bishobora kandi guhindura uko ibintu bigaragara, impumuro, uburyohe, impumuro cyangwa ijwi. Ariko abantu bafite igicuri cya focal ntibacika igihumure.

Mu gihe cy'ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri, abantu bashobora kumva uburakari, ibyishimo cyangwa agahinda. Bamwe mu bantu bagira isereri cyangwa ibyiyumvo bidasanzwe bigoye gusobanura. Ibi bicuri bishobora gutera ibibazo mu kuvuga no guhindagurika igice cy'umubiri nka ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru. Bishobora kandi gutera ibimenyetso by'umwijima nko guhumeka, guhindagurika no kubona amatara acyeye.

Ibimenyetso by'igicuri cya focal bishobora kumera nk'iby'izindi ndwara z'ubwonko cyangwa urwego rw'imiterere. Izo ndwara zindi harimo migraine, indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa indwara igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bugenzura ibitotsi, bizwi nka narcolepsy.

Igicuri kigaragara nk'igikubiyemo ibice byose by'ubwonko kuva igihe cyatangiriye bitwa igicuri cya generalized. Ubwoko bw'igicuri cya generalized harimo:

• Igicuri cya absence. Igicuri cya absence kenshi kiba mu bana. Ibi bicuri byahoze bitwa petit mal seizures. Abantu bafite igicuri cya absence bakunze kureba mu kirere cyangwa bagakora imyitozo mito y'umubiri nko gucira amaso cyangwa guhindagura iminwa. Igicuri kenshi kiba iminota 5 kugeza kuri 10.

Igicuri cya absence gishobora kuba inshuro ijana ku munsi. Bishobora kuza mu matsinda. Kandi bishobora gutera kubura ubumenyi bugufi.

• Igicuri cya tonic. Igicuri cya tonic gitera imitsi gukomera. Ibi bicuri bikunze kugira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu mugongo, amaboko n'amaguru. Abantu bafite ibi bicuri bashobora gucika igihumure bagakubita hasi.
• Igicuri cya atonic. Igicuri cya atonic gitera kubura imbaraga z'imitsi, cyane cyane mu maguru. Bizwi kandi nka drop seizures. Abantu bafite ubwo bwoko bw'igicuri bashobora kugwa.
• Igicuri cya clonic. Igicuri cya clonic gifitanye isano n'imyitozo y'imitsi ihinduka. Ibi bicuri bikunze kugira ingaruka ku ijosi, mu maso no mu maboko ku mpande zombi z'umubiri.
• Igicuri cya myoclonic. Igicuri cya myoclonic kenshi gitera guhindagurika cyangwa guhindagurika kw'amaboko n'amaguru. Abantu bafite ibi bicuri ntibakunze gucika igihumure.
• Igicuri cya tonic-clonic. Igicuri cya tonic-clonic ni cyo gikunze kubaho mu bwoko bw'igicuri cya generalized. Byahoze bitwa grand mal seizures. Bishobora gutera gucika igihumure, gukomera kw'umubiri no guhindagurika. Rimwe na rimwe bituma abantu bashasha cyangwa bakamera indimi.

Tonic-clonic seizures iramba iminota myinshi. Tonic-clonic seizures ishobora gutangira nk'igicuri cya focal gikwirakwira kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwose cyangwa igice kinini cyabwo.

Igicuri cya absence. Igicuri cya absence kenshi kiba mu bana. Ibi bicuri byahoze bitwa petit mal seizures. Abantu bafite igicuri cya absence bakunze kureba mu kirere cyangwa bagakora imyitozo mito y'umubiri nko gucira amaso cyangwa guhindagurika iminwa. Igicuri kenshi kiba iminota 5 kugeza kuri 10.

Igicuri cya absence gishobora kuba inshuro ijana ku munsi. Bishobora kuza mu matsinda. Kandi bishobora gutera kubura ubumenyi bugufi.

Igicuri cya tonic-clonic. Igicuri cya tonic-clonic ni cyo gikunze kubaho mu bwoko bw'igicuri cya generalized. Byahoze bitwa grand mal seizures. Bishobora gutera gucika igihumure, gukomera kw'umubiri no guhindagurika. Rimwe na rimwe bituma abantu bashasha cyangwa bakamera indimi.

Tonic-clonic seizures iramba iminota myinshi. Tonic-clonic seizures ishobora gutangira nk'igicuri cya focal gikwirakwira kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwose cyangwa igice kinini cyabwo.

Igicuri gishobora kugira igihe cyo gutangira, igihe cyo hagati n'igihe cyo kurangira. Ibyo bihe bizwi kandi nka prodrome, ictal na postictal.

• Prodrome. Iki ni ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko igicuri gishobora kubaho. Mu gihe cya prodrome, abantu bashobora kugira ikintu bigoye gusobanura cy'uko igicuri gishobora kubaho. Bashobora kandi kugira impinduka mu myitwarire. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu masaha cyangwa ndetse n'iminsi mbere y'igicuri.

Igihe cya prodrome gishobora kuba kirimo aura. Aura ni ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'igicuri. Ibimenyetso mu gihe cya aura bishobora kuba birimo kumva ko umuntu cyangwa ahantu ari hamenyekanye, bizwi nka deja vu, cyangwa kumva ko umuntu cyangwa ahantu atari hamenyekanye.

Cyangwa abantu bashobora kumva gusa bameze nabi, bagira ubwoba cyangwa ubwoba, cyangwa bagira ibyiyumvo byiza. Ibimenyetso bishobora kandi kuba harimo impumuro, amajwi, uburyohe, kubura ubwenge cyangwa ibitekerezo byihuse. Akenshi, auras ni ibyiyumvo bigoye gusobanura. Prodrome ishobora kuba irimo kubabara umutwe, kubabara, guhumeka, isereri cyangwa guhindagurika.

Abantu benshi bafite igicuri bagira prodrome cyangwa aura. Ariko bamwe ntibabigira.

• Ictal phase. Igihe cya ictal gitangira kuva ku kimenyetso cya mbere, kirimo aura, kugeza igihe igicuri kirangiye. Ibimenyetso by'igihe cya ictal biterwa n'ubwoko bw'igicuri.
• Postictal phase. Iki ni igihe nyuma y'igicuri mu gihe cyo gukira. Igihe cya postictal gishobora kumara iminota cyangwa amasaha. Bamwe mu bantu bakira vuba, abandi bakamara amasaha. Uburebure bw'igihe cya postictal biterwa n'ubwoko bw'igicuri n'igice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka.

Muri icyo gihe, abantu bashobora kuba batinda gusubiza, bagira ibibazo mu kwibuka, kandi bagira ibibazo mu kuvuga cyangwa kwandika. Bashobora kumva barushye, bahangayitse, bahindagurika, bababaye, batinya, bahangayitse cyangwa bababaye. Bashobora kandi kugira isereri, kubabara umutwe cyangwa intege nke. Bashobora kumva bafite inyota cyangwa gushasha.

Prodrome. Iki ni ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko igicuri gishobora kubaho. Mu gihe cya prodrome, abantu bashobora kugira ikintu bigoye gusobanura cy'uko igicuri gishobora kubaho. Bashobora kandi kugira impinduka mu myitwarire. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu masaha cyangwa ndetse n'iminsi mbere y'igicuri.

Igihe cya prodrome gishobora kuba kirimo aura. Aura ni ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'igicuri. Ibimenyetso mu gihe cya aura bishobora kuba birimo kumva ko umuntu cyangwa ahantu ari hamenyekanye, bizwi nka deja vu, cyangwa kumva ko umuntu cyangwa ahantu atari hamenyekanye.

Cyangwa abantu bashobora kumva gusa bameze nabi, bagira ubwoba cyangwa ubwoba, cyangwa bagira ibyiyumvo byiza. Ibimenyetso bishobora kandi kuba harimo impumuro, amajwi, uburyohe, kubura ubwenge cyangwa ibitekerezo byihuse. Akenshi, auras ni ibyiyumvo bigoye gusobanura. Prodrome ishobora kuba irimo kubabara umutwe, kubabara, guhumeka, isereri cyangwa guhindagurika.

Abantu benshi bafite igicuri bagira prodrome cyangwa aura. Ariko bamwe ntibabigira.

Postictal phase. Iki ni igihe nyuma y'igicuri mu gihe cyo gukira. Igihe cya postictal gishobora kumara iminota cyangwa amasaha. Bamwe mu bantu bakira vuba, abandi bakamara amasaha. Uburebure bw'igihe cya postictal biterwa n'ubwoko bw'igicuri n'igice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka.

Muri icyo gihe, abantu bashobora kuba batinda gusubiza, bagira ibibazo mu kwibuka, kandi bagira ibibazo mu kuvuga cyangwa kwandika. Bashobora kumva barushye, bahangayitse, bahindagurika, bababaye, batinya, bahangayitse cyangwa bababaye. Bashobora kandi kugira isereri, kubabara umutwe cyangwa intege nke. Bashobora kumva bafite inyota cyangwa gushasha.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso cyangwa niba ubona umuntu afite ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso kandi icyo aricyo cyose gikurikira kibaye:

• Ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso kiramba iminota irenga itanu.
• Uwo muntu ntahumeka nyuma y'aho ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso gihagaze.
• Ikindi kibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso gikurikira ako kanya.
• Uwo muntu afite umuriro mwinshi.
• Umubiri w'uwo muntu uhinda umuriro, bita kubura amazi mu mubiri.
• Uwo muntu atwite.
• Uwo muntu arwaye diyabete.
• Ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso gitera imvune.
• Ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso kibaye mu mazi. Igihe cya mbere ufite ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso, reba umuganga. Kanda kuri iyi link ubone amakuru agezweho ku ivura, kwitaho no gucunga indwara y'umuvuduko w'amaraso. adres Uzahita utangira kwakira amakuru mashya y'ubuzima wasabye muri inbox yawe.

Ibitero by'ubwonko biterwa n'impinduka mu buryo utwenge tw'ubwonko tumenyekanira. Utwenge tw'ubwonko dukora, twohereza kandi tukakira impinduka z'amashanyarazi. Utwenge tw'ubwonko twitwa neuroni. Impinduka zemerera uturemangingo gutumanaho. Icyo ari cyo cyose kibangamira inzira z'itumanaho gishobora gutera igiterwa cy'ubwonko. Impinduka mu mbaraga ziterwa na gene zimwe na zimwe.

Epilepsi ni kimwe mu bintu bisanzwe biterwa n'igiterwa cy'ubwonko. Ariko si buri wese ufite igiterwa cy'ubwonko ufite epilepsi. Rimwe na rimwe ibi bikurikira bishobora gutera ibitero by'ubwonko:

• Umuriro mwinshi. Iyo umuriro utera igiterwa cy'ubwonko, bita igiterwa cy'ubwonko giterwa n'umuriro.
• Kwandura kw'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo meningitis cyangwa encephalitis.
• Indwara ikomeye. Ibi birimo indwara ikomeye ya COVID-19.
• Kubura ibitotsi.
• Umunyu muke mu maraso. Ibi bishobora kubaho ufata imiti ikurinda kwinjira.
• Imvune nshya, ikora ku bwonko, nko gukomeretsa umutwe. Bishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu gice cy'ubwonko cyangwa stroke.
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bicuruzwa mu muhanda. Ibi birimo amphetamines na cocaine.
• Gukoresha nabi inzoga. Ibitero by'ubwonko bishobora kubaho kubera kuva ku nzoga cyangwa kunywa inzoga nyinshi.

Ibikurikira byongera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'ubwonko:

• Imvune z'umutwe cyangwa ubwonko.
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka.
• Umurwayi w'ubwonko.
• Indwara ya Alzheimer.
• Uburibwe bw'ubwonko.
• Gukoresha inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe.
• Amateka y'umuryango afite ibibazo by'umuvuduko w'ubwonko.

Kugira ikibazo cy'umuvuduko wa maranyama rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ingaruka zishobora kukugiraho akaga cyangwa abandi. Ushobora kuba uri mu kaga ko:

• Kugwa. Niba uguye mu gihe ufite umuvuduko wa maranyama, ushobora gukomeretsa umutwe cyangwa kuvunika igice cy'umubiri.
• Kunyigoma. Niba ufite umuvuduko wa maranyama mu gihe uri koga cyangwa uri kwiyuhagira, uri mu kaga ko kunyigoma.
• Impanuka z'imodoka. Umuvuduko wa maranyama ushobora gutera kubura ubwenge cyangwa kutamenya gutwara ikinyabiziga mu gihe utwaye.
• Ingaruka z'inda zikomeye. Umuvuduko wa maranyama mu gihe cyo gutwita utera akaga ku bagore batwite n'abana babo. Kandi imiti imwe n'imwe yo kurwanya umuvuduko wa maranyama yongera ibyago by'uburwayi buriho kuva ku ivuka. Niba ufite indwara y'umuvuduko wa maranyama kandi uteganya gutwita, korana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo urebe niba imiti yawe igomba guhinduka mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Urupfu rutunguranye, rutateguwe. Gake, umuvuduko wa maranyama umwe utera urupfu. Ibi bita urupfu rutunguranye rutateguwe mu ndwara y'umuvuduko wa maranyama (SUDEP). Umuvuduko wa maranyama utaborwa neza n'ibindi bintu bigira uruhare mu kaga ka SUDEP. Ariko impuguke ntizizi ibyago rusange cyangwa impamvu. Ivura ryiza ry'umuvuduko wa maranyama ni ingenzi mu gukumira SUDEP.

Abantu bagira ibitero by'indwara z'ubwonko birenga kimwe bagomba kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutera ibitero by'indwara z'ubwonko, birimo:

• Kudasinzira bihagije.
• Kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe.
• Kugira umunaniro.
• Kuba hafi y'amatara akayangana.

EEG yandika ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'ubwonko hakoreshejwe electrodes zishyirwa ku gatuza. Ibyavuye muri EEG bigaragaza impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko bishobora gufasha mu kuvura indwara z'ubwonko, cyane cyane indwara y'umwijima n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'igitotsi.

Mu gihe cya EEG ifite ubucucike bwinshi, disiki z'ibyuma zirambuye zitwa electrodes zishyirwa ku gatuza. Electrodes zihujwe n'imashini ya EEG hakoreshejwe insinga. Bamwe bambara igipfukisho cy'umutobe gifite electrodes aho gushyira ibintu byo gucomeka ku gatuza kwabo.

CT scan irashobora kubona hafi ibice byose by'umubiri. ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara cyangwa imvune ndetse no gutegura ubuvuzi, kubaga cyangwa kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire.

Aya mashusho ya SPECT agaragaza imiterere y'amaraso mu bwonko bw'umuntu igihe nta gikorwa cy'igitotsi kiriho (ibumoso) no mu gihe cy'igitotsi (hagati). SPECT ikorwa hamwe na MRI (iburyo) ifasha kugaragaza neza aho igikorwa cy'igitotsi kiri hafi gukorwa, hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bya SPECT hamwe n'ibyavuye muri MRI y'ubwonko.

Nyuma y'igitotsi, umuganga wawe areba ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima akakora isuzuma rusange. Ushobora gukora ibizamini kugira ngo umenye icyateye igitotsi cyawe. Ibizamini bishobora kandi kugaragaza uko bishoboka ko uzongera kugira ikindi gitotsi.

Ibizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Isuzuma rya neurologi. Iki kizamini kigamije kureba imyitwarire yawe, ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda n'uko ubwonko bwawe bukora.
• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Igipimo cy'amaraso gishobora kugaragaza urwego rw'isukari mu maraso no gushaka ibimenyetso by'indwara cyangwa ibibazo by'imiterere y'impyiko. Umuganga ashobora kandi kugenzura urwego rw'umunyu mu mubiri ugenzura umutekano w'amazi. Uyu munyu witwa electrolytes.
• Gucukura umugufi. Ubu buryo bukuramo igipimo cy'amazi ava mu mugongo kugira ngo ubizame. Bwitwa kandi lumbar puncture, gucukura umugufi bishobora kugaragaza niba indwara yateye igitotsi.

Electroencephalogram (EEG). Muri iki kizamini, electrodes zishyirwa ku gatuza kugira ngo zandike ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'ubwonko. Ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi bigaragara nk'imigozi y'imigozi kuri dosiye ya EEG. EEG ishobora kugaragaza imiterere ivuga niba igitotsi gishobora kongera kubaho.

Ibizamini bya EEG bishobora kandi gufasha gukuraho izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso nk'iby'indwara y'umwijima. Iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa muri kliniki, nijoro mu rugo cyangwa mu ijoro rimwe mu bitaro.

Ibizamini byo kubona amashusho bishobora kuba birimo:

• MRI. MRI ikoresha amabuye y'amabuye akomeye n'amahano ya radiyo kugira ngo akore ishusho ihamye y'ubwonko. MRI ishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu bwonko zishobora gutera igitotsi.
• CT scan. CT scan ikoresha X-rays kugira ngo ibone amashusho y'ubwonko. CT scan irashobora kugaragaza impinduka mu bwonko zishobora gutera igitotsi. Izo mpinduka zishobora kuba harimo uburibwe, kuva amaraso n'imyanya y'amazi.
• Positron emission tomography (PET). PET scan ikoresha igipimo gito cyane cy'ibintu bya radiyo byinjizwa mu mutsi. Ibi bintu bifasha kugaragaza ibice bikora by'ubwonko n'impinduka z'ubwonko.
• Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Ibizamini bya SPECT bikoresha igipimo gito cyane cy'ibintu bya radiyo byinjizwa mu mutsi. Iki kizamini gikora ikarita ya 3D ihamye y'imitere y'amaraso mu bwonko iba mu gihe cy'igitotsi.

Umuganga ashobora kandi gukora ubwoko bwa SPECT bwitwa subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered with MRI (SISCOM). Iki kizamini gishobora gutanga ibisubizo birambuye kurushaho. Iki kizamini gisanzwe gikorwa mu bitaro hamwe no kwandika EEG nijoro.

Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Ibizamini bya SPECT bikoresha igipimo gito cyane cy'ibintu bya radiyo byinjizwa mu mutsi. Iki kizamini gikora ikarita ya 3D ihamye y'imitere y'amaraso mu bwonko iba mu gihe cy'igitotsi.

Umuganga ashobora kandi gukora ubwoko bwa SPECT bwitwa subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered with MRI (SISCOM). Iki kizamini gishobora gutanga ibisubizo birambuye kurushaho. Iki kizamini gisanzwe gikorwa mu bitaro hamwe no kwandika EEG nijoro.

MRI ni igikoresho cyiza cyane cyo gufasha abaganga bawe kubona amashusho y'imbere y'umubiri wawe, harimo n'imiterere idashobora kubonwa kuri X-ray isanzwe.

Mbere y'ikizamini cyawe, ni ngombwa cyane kuzuza neza ifishi yo kugenzura umutekano. MRI ni nziza kandi nta kuribwa. Ariko ibyuma biri muri scanner bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano cyangwa kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'amashusho.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rikeneye kumenya ibyuma byose biri mu mubiri wawe, ndetse n'agace gato k'icyuma kavuye mu mpanuka. Ibintu byo mu menyo, ibyuma byo guhuza amenyo n'ibindi bikorwa byo mu menyo ntibisanzwe biteza ikibazo. Ariko ibindi byuma byashyizwe mu mubiri wawe bishobora kukubuza gukora MRI. Ibyo birimo bimwe mu bipimo by'umutima, ibintu byo kuvura aneurysms, n'ibindi bikoresho bifite ibyuma.

Umuganga ashobora gusubiramo amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere y'ikizamini cyawe. Ushobora guhabwa imiti cyangwa ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa amaraso akurwaho. Menyesha umuganga niba utwite, ufite allergie kuri ibara ry'ubururu, cyangwa ufite ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa umwijima. Ntushobora kwambara imyenda ifite amashusho cyangwa zippers muri scanner. Uzabasabwa kwambara umwenda. Ntukwambare imyenda cyangwa uzane ikintu cyose cy'icyuma muri scanner, harimo na hearing aid.

Imashini ya MRI ikoresha ikintu gikomeye cy'amabuye kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'umubiri wawe. Bitandukanye na CT scan, ntikoresha X-rays cyangwa izindi mirasire. Uzaherwaho ibintu byo gupfukirana amatwi. Scanner ikora urusaku rukomeye iyo ikora.

Igikoresho cyitwa coil gishobora gushyirwaho cyangwa hafi y'aho hagiye gukorwa ishusho kugira ngo ifashe gufata amashusho. Uzaherwaho kandi umupira wo gukanda kugira ngo ufate. Urashobora gukoresha ibi kugira ngo umenyeshe umutekinisiye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ukeneye ikintu. MRI igenzurwa kuva mu cyumba kiri hafi. Uzaba uri kurebwa hafi mu gihe cyose cy'uburyo.

Urukurikirane rw'amashusho rufatwa hamwe n'agahengamwe gato hagati ya buri kimwe. Ushobora kumva urusaku rutandukanye uko amashusho atandukanye afatwa. Ni ibisanzwe ko urusaku ruri hejuru cyane. Ukeneye guhora utuje igihe ishusho iri gufatwa.

Abantu basanzwe baba muri scanner kuva iminota 30 kugeza kuri 50, bitewe n'amashusho agomba gufatwa. Ibizamini bigoye bishobora gutwara igihe kirekire. Niba uhangayikishijwe no kuba muri scanner muri iki gihe, vugana na muganga wawe n'umutekinisiye. Bashobora kugufasha hamwe n'ibitekerezo bimwe byo kuguma wishimye.

Niba ukeneye gukurwa muri scanner, ibi bishobora gukorwa vuba cyane. Impera za scanner zihora zifunguye.

Nyuma y'ikizamini cyawe, amashusho azasuzumwa na radiologist wawe. Azohereza raporo ku muvuzi wategetse ikizamini. Baza umuvuzi wawe ibibazo byose ufite kuri MRI yawe.

Mu gukangurira imitsi y'umutsi w'umutwe (vagus nerve stimulation) hakoreshwa igikoresho gishinzwe gutanga impinduka z'amashanyarazi (pulse generator) n'insinga zikangurira imitsi y'umutsi w'umutwe. Ibi bigabanya ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi mu bwonko. Gukangurira imitsi y'ubwonko (deep brain stimulation) bikubiyemo gushyira electrode mu bwonko. Urwego rw'igikoresho gishinzwe gutanga impinduka z'amashanyarazi gitanga kigenwa n'igikoresho gisa nka pacemaker gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu mu gituza. Uturango tutembera munsi y'uruhu dutunga icyo gikoresho kuri electrode. Si buri wese ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko (seizure) agira ikindi. Bityo umuganga wawe ashobora kutagutangira kuvurwa keretse ufite ibibazo byinshi kurusha kimwe. Intego yo kuvura indwara y'ubwonko ni ukubona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhagarika indwara y'ubwonko bukoresheje ingaruka nke. Kuvura indwara y'ubwonko kenshi bikubiyemo imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko. Kubona imiti ikwiye n'umwanya wayo bishobora kugorana. Bamwe bagerageza imiti myinshi mbere yo kubona imiti ikwiye mu mwanya ukwiye. Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho harimo guhindura ibiro, guhindagurika, umunaniro n'impinduka z'imitekerereze. Gake cyane, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora gutera ibibazo ku mwijima cyangwa ku maraso y'amagufwa. Umuganga atekereza ku buzima bwawe, ukuntu ukunda kugira indwara y'ubwonko, imyaka yawe n'ibindi bintu byose mugihe atore imiti yo kwandika. Umuhanga mu buvuzi kandi asuzuma izindi miti ufashe kugira ngo arebe ko imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko itazahura nayo. Kugendera kuri gahunda yo kurya ibiryo byinshi by'amavuta (ketogenic diet) bishobora kunoza imicungire y'indwara y'ubwonko. Indyo ya ketogenic ifite amavuta menshi kandi make cyane ya karubone. Ariko bishobora kugorana kuyikurikiza kuko hari ibiryo bike byemewe. Ubundi buryo bw'indyo ifite amavuta menshi, make ya karubone na bwo bushobora gufasha ariko ntibukore neza. Izi ndyo zirimo indyo ya glycemic index ndetse n'indyo ya Atkins. Impuguke ziracyiga kuri izi ndyo. Niba kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ibiri cyangwa irenga igabanya indwara y'ubwonko bitakora, ushobora kubagwa kugira ngo uhagarike indwara y'ubwonko. Kubagwa bikora neza ku bantu bafite indwara y'ubwonko ihora itangirira ahantu hamwe mu bwonko. Ubwoko bw'ubuganga bukubiye muri:

• Lobectomy. Ababagisha bashaka bakura agace k'ubwonko aho indwara y'ubwonko itangirira.
• Thermal ablation, izwi kandi nka laser interstitial thermal therapy. Ubu buryo buke cyane bwo kubaga bugamije imbaraga zikomeye ku ntego mu bwonko aho indwara y'ubwonko itangirira. Ibi birandura uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dutera indwara y'ubwonko.
• Multiple subpial transection. Ubu bwoko bw'ubuganga bukubiye mu gukora ibice byinshi mu bice by'ubwonko kugira ngo birinde indwara y'ubwonko. Ababagisha babikora kenshi iyo badashobora gukura agace k'ubwonko aho indwara y'ubwonko itangirira.
• Hemispherotomy. Ubu buganga butandukanya uruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko n'umubiri. Ababagisha bakoresha ubu bwoko bw'ubuganga gusa iyo imiti idagenzura indwara y'ubwonko kandi iyo indwara y'ubwonko igira ingaruka ku ruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko gusa. Ubu buganga bushobora gutera igihombo cy'ubushobozi bwinshi bwa buri munsi. Ariko abana bakunda kubona ubushobozi bwabo binyuze mu gusubiramo imyitozo. Hemispherotomy. Ubu buganga butandukanya uruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko n'umubiri. Ababagisha bakoresha ubu bwoko bw'ubuganga gusa iyo imiti idagenzura indwara y'ubwonko kandi iyo indwara y'ubwonko igira ingaruka ku ruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko gusa. Ubu buganga bushobora gutera igihombo cy'ubushobozi bwinshi bwa buri munsi. Ariko abana bakunda kubona ubushobozi bwabo binyuze mu gusubiramo imyitozo. Niba ababagisha badashobora gukura cyangwa gutandukanya agace k'ubwonko aho indwara y'ubwonko itangirira, ibikoresho bitanga impinduka z'amashanyarazi bishobora gufasha. Bishobora gukorana n'imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko kugira ngo bigabanye indwara y'ubwonko. Ibikoresho byo gukangurira bishobora gutanga ubuvuzi bw'indwara y'ubwonko birimo:
• Gukangurira imitsi y'umutsi w'umutwe (Vagus nerve stimulation). Igikoresho gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu rw'igituza gikangurira imitsi y'umutsi w'umutwe mu ijosi. Ibi byohereza ibimenyetso mu bwonko bigabanya indwara y'ubwonko.
• Responsive neurostimulation. Ababagisha bashyira iki gikoresho mu bwonko cyangwa mu mubiri w'ubwonko. Igikoresho gishobora kumenya igihe ibikorwa by'indwara y'ubwonko bitangira. Cyohereza impinduka z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo kihagarike indwara y'ubwonko.
• Gukangurira imitsi y'ubwonko (Deep brain stimulation). Ababagisha bashyira insinga zoroheje zitwa electrodes mu bice bimwe by'ubwonko kugira ngo zitunganye impinduka z'amashanyarazi. Impinduka z'amashanyarazi zifasha umubiri gucunga ibikorwa by'ubwonko biterwa n'indwara y'ubwonko. Electrodes zifata ku gikoresho gisa na pacemaker gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu rw'igituza. Igikoresho kigenzura uko impinduka z'amashanyarazi ziba nyinshi. Abantu bafite indwara y'ubwonko kenshi bashobora kugira inda nzima. Ariko imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara y'ubwonko rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima bibaho igihe cyo kuvuka. Asidi ya valproic ni imiti y'indwara y'ubwonko rusange yahuye n'ibibazo byo gutekereza n'ibibazo by'imitsi y'ubwonko, nka spina bifida, mu bana. Ishyirahamwe ry'abavuga ku ndwara z'ubwonko (American Academy of Neurology) riratanga inama yo kudakoresha asidi ya valproic mu gihe cyo gutwita kubera ibyago ku bana. Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku byago by'imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko, harimo n'ibyago by'ibibazo by'ubuzima bibaho igihe cyo kuvuka. Tegura gahunda n'umuganga wawe mbere yo gutwita. Gutwita bishobora guhindura urwego rw'imiti. Bamwe bashobora gukenera guhindura umwanya w'imiti y'indwara y'ubwonko mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo gutwita. Intego ni ukuba ku gipimo gito cy'imiti ikwiye y'indwara y'ubwonko igenzura indwara y'ubwonko. Kunywa aside folike mbere yo gutwita bishobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zijyanye no kunywa imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko mu gihe cyo gutwita. Aside folike iri mu mavuta asanzwe yo gutwita. Impuguke zirasuzuma ko abantu bose bafite ubushobozi bwo kubyara bakwiye kunywa aside folike mu gihe banywa imiti igabanya indwara y'ubwonko. Imiti imwe igabanya indwara y'ubwonko iratuma uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro budakora neza. Suzuma n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo urebe ko imiti yawe igira ingaruka ku buryo bwawe bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Ushobora gukenera kugerageza ubundi buryo bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Urabona, indwara y'ubwonko ni ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi adasanzwe mu bwonko. Igikoresho gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu, kandi electrodes enye zifatwa ku mpande z'ubwonko bwawe. Igikoresho gipima ibikorwa by'ubwonko, kandi iyo kimenye ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi bidakwiye, gitanga impinduka z'amashanyarazi kandi kihagarika indwara y'ubwonko. Abashakashatsi bariga ubundi buryo bushobora kuvura indwara y'ubwonko. Ibi birimo uburyo bwo gukangurira ubwonko hatakozwe ubuganga. Agateganyo k'ubushakashatsi kagaragaza icyizere ni MRI-guided focused ultrasound. Ubu buryo bukubiye mu kugaragaza ibishushanyo bya ultrasound, ari byo byuma by'amajwi, ku gice cy'ubwonko gitera indwara y'ubwonko. Icyuma gikora ingufu zo kurandura umubiri w'ubwonko hatakozwe ubuganga. Ubu bwoko bw'uburyo bushobora kugera ku bice byimbitse by'ubwonko. Bishobora kandi kwibanda ku ntego idahungabanya imyanya ibiri hafi. Kwiyandikisha ubuntu kandi ubone amakuru mashya ku kuvura, kwita no gucunga indwara y'ubwonko. adres inkuru yo guhagarika imeri. Uzatangira vuba kwakira amakuru mashya y'ubuzima wasabye muri inbox yawe.

Dore imwe mu ntambwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo ufashe gucunga ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko:

• Fata imiti neza. Ntuhindura umwanya w'imiti utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Niba utekereza ko imiti yawe ikenewe guhinduka, jya uganire n'umuganga wawe.
• Ryama uhagije. Kubura ibitotsi bishobora gutera ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko. Jya uryama uhagije buri joro.
• Kambara ikamba ryerekana ko ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima. Ibi bizafasha abaganga b'ubutabazi kumenya uko bagufasha niba ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko.
• Fata amagara mazima. Gucunga umunaniro, kugabanya kunywa inzoga no kutakura no gusiga itabi byose ni bimwe mu bintu by'ubuzima bwiza.

Ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko ntibikunze gutera imvune zikomeye. Ariko niba ufite ibitero byinshi, ushobora kwikomeretsa. Izi ntambwe zishobora kugufasha kwirinda imvune mu gihe ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko:

• Witondere hafi y'amazi. Ntugahohereze wenyine cyangwa ntujye mu bwato nta muntu uri hafi yawe.
• Kambara ingofero. Kambara ingofero mu gihe ukora ibikorwa nk'ugusiganwa ku magare cyangwa gukina imikino.
• Koga mu rwambariro. Ntugaoge mu bwiherero keretse hari umuntu uri hafi yawe.
• Tegura inzu yawe. Shyira ibintu byoroshye ku mpande z'ibintu bya buhoro, ugura ibintu bifite impande zizunguruka kandi uhitamo intebe zifite amaboko kugira ngo wirinde kugwa. Tekereza kugira tapi ifite ibyuma byoroshye kugira ngo ikurinde niba uguye.
• Ntukore akazi k'uburebure. Kandi ntukoreshe imashini zikomeye.
• Gira urutonde rw'amabwiriza yo gutabara mu gihe cy'ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko. Bishushanye ahantu abantu bashobora kubibona. Shyiramo nimero za telefoni abantu bashobora kuba bakeneye niba ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko.
• Tekereza ku gukoresha igikoresho cyo kubona ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko. Muri Amerika, Ikigo cy'Ibiribwa n'imiti (FDA) cyemeje igikoresho gisa n'isaha gishobora kumenya igihe ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko cyo mu bwoko bwa tonic-clonic kigiye kuba (EpiMonitor). Igikoresho kiramenyesha abantu bakunda cyangwa ababitaho kugira ngo bashobore kukureba kandi bakumenye ko uri mu mutekano.

Ikindi gikoresho cyemejwe na FDA gikomeza ku mubiri wo mu kuboko witwa bicep kugira ngo kurebe ibikorwa by'indwara y'ubwonko (Brain Sentinel SPEAC). Ganira n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo urebe niba gukoresha ubu bwoko bw'igikoresho ari byiza kuri we.

Tekereza ku gukoresha igikoresho cyo kubona ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko. Muri Amerika, Ikigo cy'Ibiribwa n'imiti (FDA) cyemeje igikoresho gisa n'isaha gishobora kumenya igihe ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko cyo mu bwoko bwa tonic-clonic kigiye kuba (EpiMonitor). Igikoresho kiramenyesha abantu bakunda cyangwa ababitaho kugira ngo bashobore kukureba kandi bakumenye ko uri mu mutekano.

Ikindi gikoresho cyemejwe na FDA gikomeza ku mubiri wo mu kuboko witwa bicep kugira ngo kurebe ibikorwa by'indwara y'ubwonko (Brain Sentinel SPEAC). Ganira n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo urebe niba gukoresha ubu bwoko bw'igikoresho ari byiza kuri we.

Birafasha kumenya icyo ukora niba ubona umuntu ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko. Niba uri mu kaga ko kugira ibitero by'indwara y'ubwonko, tanga aya makuru ku muryango wawe, inshuti na bagenzi bawe. Noneho bazamenya icyo bakora niba ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko.

Kugira ngo ufashe umuntu mu gihe afite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko, fata iyi ntambwe:

• Shyira umuntu ku ruhande witonze.
• Shyira ikintu cyoroshye munsi y'umutwe w'umuntu.
• Gabanya imyenda y'umutwe.
• Ntushyire intoki zawe cyangwa ibindi bintu mu kanwa k'umuntu.
• Ntugerageze gufata umuntu.
• Kuraho ibintu byangiza niba umuntu ari kugenda.
• Guma kumwe n'umuntu kugeza ubufasha bw'abaganga bugeze.
• Kora umuntu neza kugira ngo ubashe kubwira abaganga icyabaye.
• Igihe cy'ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko.
• Gahinda.

Umunaniro uterwa no kubana n'ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko gishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku byiyumvo byawe. Shaka uburyo bwo kubona ubufasha.

Abagize umuryango wawe bashobora gutanga ubufasha ushobora kuba ukeneye. Babwire icyo uzi ku bitero byawe by'indwara y'ubwonko. Babwire ko bashobora kukubaza ibibazo. Babaze impungenge zabo. Fasha abagize umuryango wawe kumenya ibyerekeye uburwayi bwawe. Tangira ibikoresho cyangwa ibindi bikoresho umuganga wawe aguha.

Ganira n'umuyobozi wawe ku bitero byawe by'indwara y'ubwonko n'uko bikugiraho ingaruka. Muganire ku byo ukeneye umuyobozi wawe cyangwa bagenzi bawe bakora niba ufite ikibazo cy'indwara y'ubwonko mu kazi. Ganira n'abagenzi bawe ku bitero by'indwara y'ubwonko. Ibi bizabafasha kumva no kugutera inkunga kurushaho.

Shakisha umuryango wawe n'inshuti. Baza umuganga wawe ku matsinda y'ubufasha mu gace cyangwa ujye mu itsinda ry'ubufasha kuri interineti. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha. Kugira uburyo bukomeye bwo gufashanya ni ingenzi mu kubana n'uburwayi ubwo aribwo bwose.