Sepsis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Sepsis ni uburyo umubiri wawe uhangayikira cyane kandi bukabije bitewe n’ubwandu. Tekereza ko ari nk’aho ubudahangarwa bwawe bwagiye kure cyane, bugatuma bugaba igitero ku ngingo zawe bwite mu gihe bugerageza kurwanya mikorobe.

Iyi ndwara ikomeye ibaho iyo ubwandu butangiye ahantu hamwe mu mubiri wawe butera urukurikirane rw’ibintu mu mubiri wawe wose. Umubiri wawe usohora ibintu byo kurwanya ubwandu, ariko ibyo bintu nyine biterwa n’uburyo bukabije bwo kwivanga kw’ingingo z’umubiri, bishobora kwangiza ingingo nyinshi icyarimwe.

Sepsis ni iki?

Sepsis ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bwawe bwivanga cyane bitewe n’ubwandu aho ari ho hose mu mubiri wawe. Aho kugerageza kurwanya gusa bagiteri cyangwa virusi zangiza, uburyo bwo kwirinda umubiri wawe butangira kugaba igitero ku mitsi n’ingingo zimeze neza.

Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n’ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’ubwandu, yaba igikomere gito cyanduye, ubwandu bw’inzira y’umushitsi, cyangwa pneumonia. Ikintu gikomeye gitera sepsis ni uburyo ishobora gutera imbere vuba kandi ikagira ingaruka ku ngingo z’ingenzi nka umutima, ibihaha, impyiko, n’ubwonko.

Abaganga rimwe na rimwe bita sepsis “uburozi bw’amaraso,” nubwo iryo jambo ritavuga neza kuko ubwandu budahora burimo amaraso yawe ubwabyo. Ikibazo nyamukuru ni uburyo bukabije umubiri wawe uhangayikira ubwandu.

Ibimenyetso bya sepsis ni ibihe?

Kumenya sepsis hakiri kare bishobora kugorana kuko ibimenyetso byayo bikunze gusa n’iby’izindi ndwara zikomeye. Umubiri wawe ushobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko hari ikintu gikomeye kibaye, ariko ibyo bimenyetso byo kuburira bishobora gutinda cyangwa kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Ubushyuhe bukabije (hejuru ya 101°F cyangwa 38.3°C) cyangwa ubushyuhe buke bw’umubiri
• Umutima ukubita cyane (hejuru ya 90 ku munota)
• Guhumeka cyane cyangwa guhumeka bigoye
• Gucika intekere cyangwa kugorana gutekereza neza
• Uburwayi bukabije cyangwa intege nke
• Kubabara cyane cyangwa kudakorwaho mu mubiri wawe wose
• Uruhu rw’ibishishwa cyangwa rworoshye

Uko sepsis itera imbere, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekana ko ingingo zawe zihangayitse. Ibyo birimo kugabanuka cyane kw’umuvuduko w’amaraso, kugabanuka kw’inkari, ibara ry’ubururu ku ruhu, no kugorana cyane guhumeka.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira icyo abaganga bita “septic shock,” aho umuvuduko w’amaraso ugabanuka cyane ku buryo ingingo z’ingenzi zibona ogisijeni ihagije. Ibi bigaragaza ubwoko bukabije bwa sepsis kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ubukorwe bw’ibanze.

Intandaro za sepsis ni izihe?

Ubundu ubwo aribwo bwose bushobora gutera sepsis, nubwo amwe atera ibyago kurusha ayandi. Ibitera ibyo byinshi ni ubwandu bwa bagiteri, ariko virusi, fungi, n’izindi mikorobe zishobora kandi gutera urwo rukurikirane rw’ibintu bikabije.

Ubwandu bukunze gutera sepsis burimo:

• Pneumonia cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ibihaha
• Ubwandu bw’inzira y’umushitsi, cyane cyane ubwandu bw’impyiko
• Ubwandu bw’uruhu n’imikaya, harimo n’ubwandu bw’ibikomere byavanyweho
• Ubwandu bw’inda nka appendicitis cyangwa ibibazo by’amara
• Ubwandu bw’amaraso buturuka ku byuma byinjizwa mu maraso cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by’ubuvuzi

Gake, sepsis ishobora guterwa n’ubwandu mu bwonko, umutima, cyangwa amagufwa. Nubwo ubwandu buke nka dental abscesses cyangwa ibikomere byanduye bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera sepsis, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke.

Mikorobe zitera sepsis zitandukanye, ariko bagiteri zikunze kugaragara harimo Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, na E. coli. Ubwandu bwa virusi buturuka kuri influenza, COVID-19, cyangwa izindi virusi ziterwa n’ubuhumekero bishobora kandi gutera sepsis mu bamwe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera sepsis?

Sepsis ihora ari ubukorwe bw’ibanze bwo kwa muganga busaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu bitaro. Niba ukeka ko ufite sepsis cyangwa undi muntu, hamagara 112 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse aho gutegereza gahunda isanzwe ya muganga.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso by’ubwandu hamwe n’ibimenyetso byo kuburira: ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe no gucika intekere, guhumeka cyane, intege nke cyane, cyangwa uruhu rumeze nk’urushyuha cyangwa rwakonje.

Ntugatege amatsiko ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda byonyine. Sepsis ishobora kuba mbi vuba, rimwe na rimwe mu masaha make, kandi ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare buzamura cyane amahirwe yawe yo gukira. Abaganga bo mu bitaro byihuse bahuguwe mu kumenya no kuvura sepsis vuba.

Niba ufite ubwandu buzwi bumeze nk’uburi kuba mbi nubwo buvuwe, cyangwa niba ugize ibimenyetso bishya nko gucika intekere cyangwa kugorana guhumeka, ibyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere by’uko sepsis itera imbere.

Ibyago byo kurwara sepsis ni ibihe?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara sepsis bitewe n’ubwandu, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bituma bamwe bahura n’icyo kibazo gikomeye. Gusobanukirwa urwego rw’ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha kuba maso ku bimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze igihe ukeneye.

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi barimo:

• Abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65
• Abana bari munsi y’umwaka umwe
• Abantu bafite indwara zidakira nka diyabete, indwara z’umutima, cyangwa indwara z’impyiko
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buturuka ku kuvurwa kanseri, HIV, cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Abantu baherutse kubagwa cyangwa kuba barwariye mu bitaro
• Abantu bafite ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi nka catheters, imiyoboro yo guhumeka, cyangwa imiyoboro yinjizwamo imiti
• Abantu bafite imvune cyangwa inkomere zikomeye

Gutwita bishobora kandi kongera ibyago bya sepsis, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kubyara. Byongeye kandi, abantu bakoresha inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge cyane bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi bitewe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke n’ibyago byinshi by’ubwandu.

Kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara sepsis, ariko bisobanura ko ugomba kwitondera cyane kwirinda ubwandu no gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze igihe utumva neza.

Ingaruka zishoboka za sepsis ni izihe?

Sepsis ishobora gutera iyangirika rikomeye mu mubiri wawe wose kuko igira ingaruka ku ngingo nyinshi icyarimwe. Kwivanga kw’ingingo n’igabanuka ry’amaraso bishobora kwangiza ingingo z’ingenzi, rimwe na rimwe bigatera iyangirika ridashira cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye zishobora gutera urupfu.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara harimo:

• Kunanirizwa kw’ingingo bigira ingaruka ku mpyiko, umwijima, ibihaha, cyangwa umutima
• Septic shock ifite umuvuduko muke w’amaraso
• Ibibazo byo guhumeka bisaba imashini yo guhumeka
• Indwara zo gukomera kw’amaraso zishobora kubuza amaraso kugera ku mitsi
• Kuma kw’umubiri bikabije no kudahuza neza kwa electrolytes
• Kudakora neza kw’ubwonko biterwa no gucika intekere, ibibazo byo kwibuka, cyangwa kugorana gufata ibintu

Bamwe mu bantu barwara icyo bita post-sepsis syndrome, gishobora gutera umunaniro udashira, intege nke z’imikaya, kugorana gusinzira, no kugorana gufata ibintu amezi nyuma yo gukira. Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ubusanzuranwa bishobora kuba bikenewe kugira ngo wongere imbaraga n’ubushobozi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko, hamwe no kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza, abantu benshi barakira sepsis burundu. Ariko kandi, uburemere bw’ingaruka ziterwa na sepsis biterwa n’uburyo ubuvuzi butangiye vuba n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mbere yo kurwara sepsis.

Sepsis ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda sepsis ni ukwirinda ubwandu mbere ya byose no kuvura ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose hakiri kare mbere yuko bushobora gutera icyo kibazo gikomeye. Imigenzo yoroshye ya buri munsi ishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by’ubwandu.

Ingamba z’ingenzi zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwoza intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune
• Kugumisha ibikomere n’ibikomere byanduye bisukuye kandi bifunze
• Kwakira inkingo zigenewe, harimo inkingo za grippe n’inkingo za pneumonia
• Kuvura indwara zidakira nka diyabete kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri bugume bukomeye
• Gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze igihe hari ibimenyetso by’ubwandu
• Kunywa imiti ya antibiyotike nk’uko yagenewe

Niba uri mu bitaro, ntutinye kubibutsa abakozi b’ubuvuzi ko bagomba kwoza intoki mbere yo kwita kuri we. Isuku ikwiye mu bakozi b’ubuvuzi ni ingenzi mu kwirinda ubwandu buturuka mu bitaro bushobora gutera sepsis.

Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, nka barwayi bafite indwara zidakira cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, kwirinda by’umwihariko nko kwirinda imihango mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe no kwitondera cyane ibikomere bishobora gutanga uburinzi bwiyongereye.

Sepsis imenyekana ite?

Kumenya sepsis bisaba gusuzuma uko umuntu ameze no gukora ibizamini byo mu labo kuko nta kizami kimwe gishobora kwemeza iyo ndwara. Abaganga bo mu bitaro byihuse bashaka ibimenyetso byihariye by’ibimenyetso n’ibyavuye mu bipimo bigaragaza ko umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu bukabije.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishobora gukora ibizamini bitandukanye birimo gusuzuma amaraso kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by’ubwandu n’uburyo ingingo z’umubiri zikora. Bashobora kandi gusuzuma urwego rw’ogisijeni mu maraso yawe no kureba impinduka mu mutima wawe no mu muvuduko w’amaraso.

Ibizamini by’inyongera bishobora kuba ibizamini by’inkari, amashusho nka X-rays cyangwa CT scans, no guhinga amaraso, inkari, cyangwa ibindi bintu by’umubiri kugira ngo bamenye mikorobe zitera ubwandu. Ibyo bizamini byo guhinga bifasha abaganga guhitamo antibiyotike zikwiranye.

Abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwo kubara burimo ubushyuhe bwawe, umutima ukubita, guhumeka, n’umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso kugira ngo bafashe kumenya niba ufite sepsis. Bareba kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ko ingingo zawe zitakora neza, nko guhinduka mu mikorere y’impyiko cyangwa uko utekereza.

Ubuvuzi bwa sepsis ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa sepsis bugomba gutangira ako kanya kandi busaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu bitaro. Intego nyamukuru ni ukurwanya ubwandu, gushyigikira ingingo zawe, no kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa na sepsis.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Antibiyotike zifite akagero kanini zinjizwa mu maraso kugira ngo zirwanye ubwandu
• Amazi yinjizwa mu maraso kugira ngo akomeze umuvuduko w’amaraso kandi ashyigikire imitsi
• Ubuvuzi bwo guhumeka cyangwa ubufasha bwo guhumeka niba bikenewe
• Imiti yo gushyigikira umuvuduko w’amaraso n’imikorere y’umutima
• Kwita cyane ku mikorere y’ingingo
• Kuvura isoko y’ubwandu

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishobora gukuraho ibikoresho byanduye nka catheters cyangwa gukuraho amazi yanduye binyuze mu bikorwa. Mu bihe bikomeye, ushobora gukenera kuvurwa kwa dialyse kugira ngo ushyigikire imikorere y’impyiko cyangwa imashini yo guhumeka kugira ngo igufashe guhumeka.

Antibiyotike zihariye zizahinduka iyo abaganga bamenye mikorobe zitera ubwandu binyuze mu bizamini byo guhinga. Igihe cyo kuvurwa gitandukanye bitewe n’isoko y’ubwandu n’uko ubuvuzi bugufasha, ariko abantu benshi bakenera iminsi myinshi yo kuvurwa by’ibanze.

Uko wakwitwara mu gihe ukomeje gukira sepsis iwawe

Gukira sepsis bikunze gukomeza ibyumweru cyangwa amezi nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro. Umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe cyo gukira ububabare n’umunaniro w’indwara, bityo kwihangana mu nzira yo gukira ni ingenzi.

Fata umwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka, kuko umunaniro ukunze kugaragara nyuma ya sepsis. Ongera umuvuduko w’imikorere yawe uko ugenda ukomeza, ariko ntukirengagize cyane vuba. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rishobora kugufasha gukora gahunda yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Funga ibiryo biryohereye kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira, uhore unywa amazi ahagije, kandi ufate imiti yose yagenewe nk’uko yagenewe. Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo kurangiza imiti ya antibiyotike cyangwa kunywa imiti yo gushyigikira imikorere y’ingingo.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso by’ingaruka cyangwa ubwandu bushya, nka fièvre, umunaniro wiyongereye, cyangwa ibimenyetso bibi. Kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana kugira ngo abaganga bawe bashobore gukurikirana uko ukomeza gukira no gukemura ibibazo byose bikomeza.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe ya muganga

Niba uri gukira sepsis cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n’ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza sepsis, kwitegura bishobora kugufasha kubona byinshi mu gahunda yawe ya muganga. Andika ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n’uko byahindutse uko igihe gihita.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yawe, harimo antibiyotike uherutse kunywa. Tegura kandi amakuru yerekeye ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose, kubagwa, cyangwa igihe wari mu bitaro, kuko ayo makuru afasha abaganga gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bya sepsis.

Tegura kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no kubaza ibibazo. Gukira sepsis rimwe na rimwe bigira ingaruka ku kwibuka, bityo kugira ubufasha bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.

Andika ibibazo mbere, nka impungenge zerekeye ibimenyetso bikomeza, ibikorwa byo kwirinda, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwitondera. Ntugatege amatsiko kubaza igihe cyo gukira n’icyo witeze mu byumweru cyangwa amezi ari imbere.

Icyo ugomba kumenya cyane kuri sepsis

Sepsis ni ubukorwe bw’ibanze bwo kwa muganga busaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze, ariko hamwe no kwita hakiri kare, abantu benshi barakira neza. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko igihe ari ingenzi cyane mu buvuzi bwa sepsis.

Gira icyo wizeye niba utumva neza, cyane cyane niba ufite ibimenyetso by’ubwandu hamwe no gucika intekere, guhumeka cyane, cyangwa intege nke cyane. Iyo uhangayitse, shaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze aho gutegereza ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda.

Kwiringira isuku nziza, kuvura ubwandu hakiri kare, no gukurikirana inkingo biguma ari uburinzi bwawe bwiza kurwanya sepsis. Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, kwitondera cyane kwirinda ubwandu no kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugira akamaro kanini.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri sepsis

Sepsis ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, abantu benshi barakira sepsis burundu hamwe no kuvurwa hakiri kare kandi neza. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeza nka munaniro, intege nke z’imikaya, cyangwa kugorana gufata ibintu amezi nyuma yo gukira. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo gukira burundu ni ukumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa ako kanya.

Birama igihe kingana iki gukira sepsis?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye cyane bitewe n’uburemere bwa sepsis n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Igihe cyo kuba mu bitaro gisanzwe kiba iminsi myinshi kugeza ku ndwi, ariko gukira burundu iwawe bishobora gufata amezi. Bamwe mu bantu bumva bameze neza mu byumweru bike, abandi bakenera amezi menshi kugira ngo bongere imbaraga n’ubushobozi.

Urashobora kurwara sepsis incuro nyinshi?

Ikibabaje ni uko kurwara sepsis rimwe ntibikurinda kuyirwara ukundi. Mu by’ukuri, bamwe mu bantu barwaye sepsis bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ukundi, cyane cyane niba bafite indwara zidakira cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke. Ibi bituma kwirinda ubwandu bikomeza kuba ingenzi ku barokotse sepsis.

Sepsis yandura?

Sepsis ubwayo ntiyandura, ariko ubwandu butera sepsis rimwe na rimwe bushobora kwandura kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi. Urugero, niba umuntu afite sepsis iterwa na pneumonia, ushobora kwandura pneumonia, ariko ntuzahita wandura sepsis. Imigenzo myiza yo kwita ku isuku ifasha kwirinda ubwandu bushobora gutera sepsis.

Itandukaniro hagati ya sepsis na septic shock ni irihe?

Septic shock ni ubwoko bukabije bwa sepsis. Mu gihe sepsis ari uburyo umubiri wawe uhangayikira cyane bitewe n’ubwandu, septic shock ibaho iyo sepsis itera umuvuduko muke w’amaraso ku buryo ingingo zawe zibona ogisijeni ihagije kugira ngo zikore neza. Septic shock isaba ubuvuzi bukomeye kandi ifite ibyago byinshi by’ingaruka kurusha sepsis yonyine.