Ese ni Kanseri y'uruhu? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Kanseri y'uruhu ibaho iyo uturemangingo tw'uruhu rwawe dukura mu buryo budasanzwe kandi burenze urugero. Mu by'ukuri, ni bwo bwoko bwa kanseri busanzwe cyane, ariko hano hari amakuru atanga icyizere: kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu zivurwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Tekereza ku ruhu rwawe nk'urufite uburyo bwo kwiyubaka bwubatswe imbere, rimwe na rimwe rukenera ubufasha buke kugira ngo rusubire mu murongo.

Ese ni iki kanseri y'uruhu?

Kanseri y'uruhu ibaho iyo ubwonko bw'uturemangingo bwangirijwe, bigatuma uturemangingo tw'uruhu twikuba vuba kandi bikabera imikaya mibi. Uruhu rwawe rusohora uturemangingo dukuze kandi rukora utundi, ariko rimwe na rimwe uwo mucyo uba utari mwiza.

Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru, bukorana mu buryo butandukanye. Kanseri ya basal cell ikura buhoro kandi ntiyakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Kanseri ya squamous cell ishobora gukura vuba ariko iracyoroshye cyane iyo ivuwe vuba.

Melanoma ni bwo bwoko bukomeye kurusha ibindi kuko ishobora gukwirakwira mu zindi ngingo niba idavuwe hakiri kare. Ariko kandi, iyo melanoma ifashwe hakiri kare, umubare w'abarokoka ni mwiza hafi 99%.

Ni ibihe bwoko bya kanseri y'uruhu?

Ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwa kanseri y'uruhu bufitanye imico n'imyitwarire bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bitandukanye bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera.

Basal Cell Carcinoma ni bwo bwoko busanzwe cyane, bugera kuri 80% bya kanseri zose z'uruhu. Isanzwe igaragara nk'igiturika gito, cy'irabyo, cyangwa agace gatuje, gafite ibara ry'umweru cyangwa gito, gishobora kuva amaraso byoroshye. Ubu bwoko bukura buhoro cyane kandi hafi ntabwo bukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma igira uruhare rugaragara kuri 20% bya kanseri z'uruhu. Ikunze kugaragara nk'agace karangwa n'ibara ry'umutuku, cyangwa ikibyimba kizamutse gifite agace kaguye hagati. Nubwo ishobora gukwirakwira niba idavuwe, iracyavurwa neza iyo ifashwe hakiri kare.

Melanoma ni bwo bwoko buke cyane ariko bukomeye kurusha ibindi. Ishobora guturuka ku kibyimba cyari gisanzwe cyangwa ikagaragara nk'agace k'umwijima gashya ku ruhu rwawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko melanoma ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi ubuvuzi bushya burafasha n'ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya kanseri y'uruhu?

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'uruhu bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko, ariko hari ibimenyetso by'umuburo by'ingenzi byo kwitondera. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko impinduka iyo ari yo yose ku ruhu rwawe ikwiye kwitabwaho.

Ku bijyanye na basal na squamous cell carcinomas, ushobora kubona:

• Igiturika gito, cy'irabyo, cyangwa gifite ibara ry'umweru
• Agateganyo gatuje, gakomeye, gasa n'agashyitsi, gafite ibara ry'umweru cyangwa gito
• Igisigo kivuza amaraso, kikaba umukara, kikavura, hanyuma kikongera gufunguka
• Agateganyo karangwa n'ibara ry'umutuku cyangwa umukara
• Ikiyimba kizamutse gifite uruhu rugoramye n'agace kaguye hagati

Ku bijyanye na melanoma, abaganga bakoresha amabwiriza ya ABCDE kugira ngo bafashe kumenya ibimenyetso by'ibibyimba bikangwa:

• Asymmetry: Igice kimwe ntikimeranye n'igice kimwe
• Border: Imbibi zidafite imiterere, zidafite imiterere, cyangwa zidafite imiterere
• Color: Amabara menshi cyangwa imiterere y'amabara itari nziza
• Diameter: Irekire kurusha umugozi w'ikaramu (6mm)
• Evolving: Ikiyimba icyo ari cyo cyose gihinduka mu bunini, ishusho, cyangwa ibara

Rimwe na rimwe melanoma ishobora kugaragara nk'umukara mushya munsi y'umunwa cyangwa urwara, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ibara ry'uruhu ryijimye. Icyo ari cyo cyose kibaho cyangwa igiturika kidakira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike kigomba kurebwa n'umuganga.

Ese ni iki gituma haba kanseri y'uruhu?

Kanseri y'uruhu ibaho iyo imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV) yangiza ubwonko bw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu rwawe. Iyo ngaruka ishobora guturuka ku bintu bitandukanye, ariko izuba ni ryo nyirabayazana.

Intandaro nyamukuru zirimo:

• Kugaragara mu zuba igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu masaha y'izuba rikomeye (saa 10 za mugitondo kugeza saa 16)
• Kwikomeretsa n'izuba, cyane cyane kwikomeretsa n'izuba mu bwana
• Ibitanda byo kwishima no kwishima n'izuba
• Uruhu rwera rwikomeretsa byoroshye
• Kuba mu duce dufite uburebure bwinshi cyangwa mu bihugu byinshi by'izuba
• Kugaragara kuri bimwe mu bintu byangiza nk'arsenic
• Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa
• Uruhu rurimo kubabara cyangwa indwara z'uruhu

Zimwe mu ntandaro zidafite akamaro zirimo indwara z'uruhu zikomoka ku muryango nk'xeroderma pigmentosum, ituma abantu bumva cyane imirasire ya UV. Imiti imwe igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ishobora kandi kongera ibyago byawe.

Birakwiye kuvuga ko kanseri y'uruhu ishobora kubaho no mu duce tutageraho izuba. Ibi bibaho kuko imirasire ya UV ishobora kwinjira mu myenda no mu kirahuri, kandi ibyangirika bimwe bikusanywa mu myaka myinshi mbere y'uko bigaragara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera kanseri y'uruhu?

Ukwiye kubona umuganga igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ubona ikintu gishya cyangwa gihinduka ku ruhu rwawe. Kumenya hakiri kare bituma ubuvuzi bugira ingaruka nyinshi kandi budakomeye.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona umuganga niba ubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikura, kivuza amaraso, kigakurura, cyangwa gihinduka ibara. Nubwo utekereza ko ntacyo ari cyo, bihora byiza kugira amahoro yo mu mutima.

Reba umuganga ako kanya niba ufite ikibyimba cyangwa ikintu kibabaza, gifite imbibi zitari nziza, cyangwa gitangira kuva amaraso cyangwa kuvumba. Icyo ari cyo cyose kidakira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu kigomba kuvurwa n'abaganga.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso byinshi, amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'uruhu, cyangwa warwaye kanseri y'uruhu mbere, tekereza ku isuzuma ry'uruhu buri mwaka hamwe n'umuganga w'uruhu. Ibyo bisuzumwa bisanzwe bishobora gufata ibibazo mbere y'uko biba bikomeye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y'uruhu?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara kanseri y'uruhu, ariko kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bigufasha kwita neza ku ruhu rwawe.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bisanzwe birimo:

• Uruhu rwera, umusatsi umweru, n'amaso yera
• Amateka yo kwishima n'izuba cyangwa kugaragara cyane mu zuba
• Ibimenyetso byinshi cyangwa ibimenyetso bidasanzwe
• Amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'uruhu
• Amateka bwite ya kanseri y'uruhu
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke
• Imyaka irenga 50
• Igitsina gabo (abagabo barwara kanseri y'uruhu kenshi gato)

Bimwe mu bintu bike byongera ibyago birimo kugaragara kuri radiation, ibintu bimwe na bimwe, cyangwa kuba warakoze igikorwa cyo kubaga.

Kugira uruhu rw'umukara bitanga uburinzi bw'umwimerere ku mirasire ya UV, ariko kanseri y'uruhu iracyashobora kubaho. Mu bantu bafite uruhu rw'umukara, melanoma ikunze kugaragara mu duce dufite ibara ry'umukara gito, nko mu ntoki, mu birenge, cyangwa munsi y'imisumari.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya kanseri y'uruhu?

Kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu ziterwa n'ibibazo bike iyo zivuwe hakiri kare, ariko birafasha gusobanukirwa icyashoboka kibaho niba kanseri idavuwe. Iyo myumvire ntigamije kukutera ubwoba, ahubwo ni ukugaragaza impamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi.

Ku bijyanye na basal cell carcinoma, ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukwangirika kw'imiterere y'ahantu. Niba idavuwe mu myaka myinshi, ishobora gukura mu ruhu, imikaya, ndetse no mu gufata, ikaba itera uburwayi mu gice cyangiritse.

Squamous cell carcinoma ishobora gukwirakwira mu mitsi ya lymph naho, gake, mu zindi ngingo. Ibi bikunze kubaho gusa niba kanseri yirengagijwe igihe kirekire cyangwa iba mu duce dufite ibyago byinshi nko ku minwa, amatwi, cyangwa imyanya myibarukiro.

Ibibazo bya melanoma bishobora kuba bikomeye kuko iyi kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, harimo n'ingingo nk'umwijima, ibihaha, cyangwa ubwonko. Ariko kandi, iyo nzira isanzwe ifata igihe, niyo mpamvu kumenya hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Mu bihe bike cyane, kwangirika k'izuba cyane bishobora gutera kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu gukura mu gihe. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibikomere cyangwa impinduka z'ibara ry'uruhu nyuma yo kuvurwa, nubwo ubuhanga bugezweho bugabanya ibyo bintu.

Ese kanseri y'uruhu ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri y'uruhu ikumirwa mu buryo bwinshi hamwe n'imigenzo yoroshye ya buri munsi. Ingamba nyinshi zo gukumira zibanda ku kurinda uruhu rwawe imirasire ya UV.

Uburyo bwawe bwa buri munsi bwo kwirinda izuba bugomba kuba burimo:

• Gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga yo kwirinda izuba ifite SPF 30 cyangwa hejuru buri munsi
• Gusubira kwisiga amavuta buri saha ebyiri nyuma yo koga cyangwa gucana umunyu
• Gushaka igicu mu masaha y'izuba rikomeye (saa 10 za mugitondo kugeza saa 16)
• Kwambara imyenda yo kwirinda, ingofero nini, n'izuba rikingira izuba
• Kwirinda ibitanda byo kwishima rwose

Kwisuzumisha ukwitegereza buri kwezi bigufasha kumenyera uruhu rwawe no kubona impinduka iyo ari yo yose hakiri kare. Koresha urukiramende kugira ngo urebe ahantu utabona neza, cyangwa usabe umuntu wo mu muryango wawe kugufasha.

Isuzuma ry'uruhu ryakozwe n'abaganga ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago. Umuganga wawe ashobora kubona impinduka nto zidashobora kugaragara kuri wewe kandi akaguha inama z'uburyo bwo kwirinda.

Ese kanseri y'uruhu imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya kanseri y'uruhu bisanzwe bitangira harebwa n'amaso n'umuganga wawe cyangwa umuganga w'uruhu. Bazareba ahantu hakekwa kandi bashobora gukoresha igikoresho cyo kubona ibintu byinshi cyitwa dermatoscope.

Niba ahantu hagaragara hahangayikishije, umuganga wawe azakora biopsie. Ibi bisobanura gukuramo agace gato k'umubiri ukekwaho, hanyuma kakarebwa munsi y'ikirahure na specialist witwa pathologist.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa biopsies, bitewe n'ubunini n'aho ahantu hagaragara. Biopsie yo guca hejuru ikuraho imiterere yo hejuru, mu gihe biopsie yo gucukura ikuraho agace kirekire, kaguruka. Biopsie yo gukuraho ikuraho ahantu hose hakekwa.

Ibisubizo bya biopsie bisanzwe bigaragara mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa ibiri. Niba kanseri iboneka, ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba bikenewe kugira ngo bimenye niba ikwirakwira, cyane cyane ku bijyanye na melanoma.

Ese ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'uruhu ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'uruhu biterwa n'ubwoko, ubunini, aho iherereye, n'icyiciro cya kanseri. Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu zishobora gukira neza hamwe n'ibikorwa byoroshye.

Ku bijyanye na basal na squamous cell carcinomas, ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Gukuraho imikaya: Gukuraho ikibyimba hamwe n'agace k'imiterere nzima
• Ubuvuzi bwa Mohs: Gukuraho kanseri buhoro buhoro mugihe ugenzura imbibi
• Cryotherapy: Gukonjesha uturemangingo twa kanseri hamwe na azote liquide
• Electrodesiccation na curettage: Gukuraho no gutwika ikibyimba
• Imiti yo kwisiga ku kanseri ziri hakiri kare cyangwa zo hejuru

Ubuvuzi bwa melanoma bukunze kuba burimo gukuraho imikaya hamwe n'imbago zirekire. Niba melanoma ikwirakwira, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo immunotherapy, ubuvuzi bugamije, chemotherapy, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo kurasa.

Ubuvuzi bwinshi bwa kanseri y'uruhu bushobora gukorwa mu biro by'umuganga wawe hamwe n'ubuvuzi bw'ahantu. Kugira ngo ukire bisanzwe bihita, abantu benshi bagaruka mu mirimo yabo isanzwe mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru.

Uko wakwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kanseri y'uruhu

Kwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa bifasha umubiri wawe gukira kandi bishobora koroshya uwo mucyo. Ubuvuzi bwinshi bwa kanseri y'uruhu ni ubuvuzi butari mu bitaro butagira igihe kinini cyo kuruhuka.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, komeza ikibyimba cyiza kandi cyumye nk'uko umuganga wawe yabigutegetse. Uzaba ufite amabwiriza yihariye yerekeye guhindura ibikoresho byo gufata ibikomere n'igihe ushobora koga cyangwa kwiyuhagira.

Rinda ahantu havuwe imirasire y'izuba mu gihe cyo gukira, kuko uruhu rushya rurakomeye cyane. Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga yoroheje, adafite impumuro nziza kugira ngo ahantu hagume heza mu gihe gikira.

Reba ibimenyetso by'indwara nko kwiyongera kw'umutuku, ubushyuhe, kubyimba, cyangwa ibyuya. Hamagara umuganga wawe niba ubona impinduka iyo ari yo yose cyangwa niba ububabare bwiyongere cyane nyuma y'iminsi mike ya mbere.

Funga indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto n'imboga kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe no gukira. Komeza wishire amazi kandi uruhuke bihagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukire neza.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga wawe

Kwitoza gusura umuganga wawe bigufasha guhamya ko ubonye byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bigaha umuganga wawe amakuru afatika. Gutegura gato bishobora kugabanya impungenge ushobora kugira.

Mbere yo gusura, andika igihe wabonye ikintu cya mbere n'impinduka iyo ari yo yose wabonye. Fata amafoto niba ikintu kiri ahantu hatagaragara, kuko ibi bishobora gufasha umuganga wawe gukurikirana impinduka mu gihe.

Andika urutonde rw'imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine ufata. Bandika kandi amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'uruhu cyangwa kanseri zindi, kuko ayo makuru afasha kuyobora ubuvuzi bwawe.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubabaza, nko kumenya ubuvuzi bushoboka, icyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe cyo gukira, n'umubare w'inshuro uzakenera gusura umuganga. Ntugatinye kubabaza icyo ari cyo cyose gikubangamiye.

Gereza nta maquillage, verni, cyangwa imyambaro ishobora kubangamira isuzuma. Kwambara imyenda iruhura ifasha kubona ahantu hagaragara.

Icyo ugomba kwibuka kuri kanseri y'uruhu

Kanseri y'uruhu ni ikintu gisanzwe, ariko kandi ivurwa neza iyo ifashwe hakiri kare. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ushobora gukora ni ukwita ku ruhu rwawe no kubona umuganga vuba niba ubona impinduka iyo ari yo yose.

Kwiringira izuba buri munsi ni bwo bwirinzi bwiza kurusha ibindi bwo kwirinda kurwara kanseri y'uruhu. Imigenzo yoroshye nko kwambara amavuta yo kwisiga no kwambara imyenda yo kwirinda bishobora kugabanya ibyago byawe.

Wibuke ko kugira ikintu gishidikanywaho ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri. Impinduka nyinshi z'uruhu ni nziza, ariko umuganga gusa ni we ushobora kubigenzura neza.

Niba ubonye kanseri y'uruhu, menya ko ubuvuzi bugira ingaruka nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo kanseri ifashwe hakiri kare. Abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri kanseri y'uruhu

Ese kanseri y'uruhu ishobora kugaragara mu duce tudagerwaho n'izuba?

Yego, kanseri y'uruhu ishobora kubaho mu duce tutageraho izuba, harimo hagati y'intoki, mu ntoki, mu birenge, ndetse no munsi y'imisumari. Nubwo kugaragara mu zuba ari cyo gituma bibaho, ibindi bintu nko ku muryango, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, no kugaragara kuri radiation mbere bishobora kugira uruhare. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'uruhu ryose ari ingenzi, si ukureba ahantu hagaragara izuba gusa.

Ese kanseri y'uruhu ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Umuvuduko utandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko. Basal cell carcinoma ikura buhoro cyane mu mezi cyangwa imyaka kandi ntiyakwirakwira. Squamous cell carcinoma ikura vuba ariko isanzwe ifata amezi kugira ngo ikure. Melanoma ishobora gukwirakwira vuba, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma vuba ibimenyetso bihinduka ari ingenzi. Ariko kandi, kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu zikura buhoro buhoro, biguha umwanya wo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Ese kanseri y'uruhu irashobora kuzanwa n'umuryango?

Nubwo kanseri nyinshi z'uruhu ziterwa no kwangirika kw'izuba, umuryango ugira uruhare. Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite melanoma byongera ibyago byawe, kandi indwara zimwe zikomoka ku muryango zongera cyane ibyago bya kanseri y'uruhu. Ariko kandi, amateka y'umuryango ntiyagutegeka ko uzabona kanseri y'uruhu. Utabariye ibyago byawe by'umuryango, kwirinda izuba no gusuzuma uruhu buri gihe biguma ari byiza kurusha ibindi mu kwirinda.

Ese itandukaniro ni irihe hagati y'ikibyimba cya kanseri n'ikibyimba gisanzwe?

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bisanzwe biba bifite imiterere imwe, bifite imbibi zoroheje, ibara rimwe, biba bito kurusha umugozi w'ikaramu, kandi bikaguma kimwe mu gihe. Ibimenyetso bikangwa bishobora kuba bidafite imiterere imwe, bifite imbibi zitari nziza, amabara menshi, bikaba birekire kurusha 6mm, cyangwa bigaragaza impinduka mu bunini, ishusho, cyangwa ibara. Amabwiriza ya ABCDE afasha kumenya ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bibangamiye, ariko ikibyimba icyo ari cyo cyose gihinduka kigomba kurebwa n'umuganga.

Ese abantu bafite uruhu rw'umukara bashobora kurwara kanseri y'uruhu?

Yego, abantu bafite uruhu rw'umukara bashobora kurwara kanseri y'uruhu, nubwo ibyago byabo ari bike kubera uburinzi bw'umwimerere bwa melanin. Iyo kanseri y'uruhu ibaye mu bantu bafite uruhu rw'umukara, ikunze kuboneka mu duce dufite ibara ry'umukara gito nko mu ntoki, mu birenge, mu misumari, no mu myanya y'ibinyabuzima. Ikibabaje ni uko kanseri y'uruhu mu bantu bafite uruhu rw'umukara ikunze kumenyekana mu bihe bya nyuma, bituma kumenya no kumenya hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.