Spina Bifida ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Spina bifida ni uburwayi umuntu avukana aho umugongo utabasha gukura neza mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ibi bibaho iyo umuyoboro w’imbere (neural tube), uhinduka umugongo n’ubwonko, udashoboye gukingirana neza mu kwezi kwa mbere cy’inda.

Iri zina risobanura “umugongo watandukanye” mu Kilatini. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bafite spina bifida babaho ubuzima buhamye, buboneye, bafashwe neza n’abaganga kandi bagafashwa. Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku muntu ku wundi, kuva ku bimenyetso bito cyane utamenya ko ubifite kugeza ku bimenyetso bikomeye bisaba kwitabwaho buri gihe.

Spina Bifida ifite ubwoko bangahe?

Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwa spina bifida, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku mugongo. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bifasha gusobanukirwa impamvu ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane ku bantu.

Spina bifida occulta ni ubwoko buke cyane. Habaho ikibazo gito cyane ku mugongo, ariko umugongo n’imijyana y’imbere iba isanzwe. Abantu benshi ntibabizi ko bayifite kuko nta kibazo itera. Ushobora kubimenya gusa mu gipimo cya X-ray cyakozwe ku rundi mpamvu.

Meningocele isobanura umufuka w’amazi ugaragara ku kibuno. Umugongo ubwawo uba uri aho ukwiye kuba, niyo mpamvu ubu bwoko butera ibibazo bike. Uwo mufuka ugaragara nk’igituntu inyuma, abaganga bakaba bashobora kuwuvura hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi.

Myelomeningocele ni ubwoko bukomeye cyane. Umugongo n’imijyana y’imbere byose bigaragara ku kibuno, bigaha umufuka inyuma. Ubu bwoko busanzwe butera ibibazo bikomeye kuko umugongo ugaragara ushobora kwangirika.

Ibimenyetso bya Spina Bifida ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso ushobora kubona biterwa n’ubwoko bwa spina bifida umuntu afite n’aho igaragara ku mugongo. Reka nkwereke ibyo imiryango ikunze kubona.

Kuri spina bifida occulta, ibimenyetso biba bike cyane cyangwa nta bimenyetso na bimwe. Bamwe bashobora kugira igituntu gito, umusatsi mwinshi, cyangwa ikimenyetso cy’amavuko aho ikibazo kiri ku mugongo. Abantu benshi bafite ubu bwoko babaho ubuzima busanzwe nta kibazo.

Kuri meningocele, ikimenyetso cyigaragara cyane ni umufuka ugaragara inyuma, ubusanzwe ufite uruhu. Kugenda no kugenzura umukozi bigenda neza, nubwo bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo bike byo guhuza ibikorwa cyangwa ibibazo byo kwiga.

Myelomeningocele ifite ibimenyetso byigaragara cyane imiryango ikunze kubona hakiri kare. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo intege nke cyangwa uburibwe mu birenge, ibibazo byo kugenzura umukozi n’amatara, n’ibibazo byo kugenda. Igice cy’umugongo aho ikibazo kiriho ni cyo kigaragaza imikorere izahungabana.

Bamwe mu bana bafite ubu bwoko bukomeye bashobora kugira hydrocephalus, aho amazi yubakira mu bwonko. Ibi bishobora gutuma umutwe ugaragara ukomeye kurusha uko bikwiye kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwiga no gutera imbere.

Impamvu za Spina Bifida ni izihe?

Spina bifida ibaho iyo umuyoboro w’imbere udashoboye gukingirana neza mu kwezi kwa mbere cy’inda, akenshi mbere y’uko abagore benshi bamenya ko batwite. Impamvu nyamukuru y’ibi ntisobanuka neza, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago.

Kubura acide folique niyo mpamvu isobanuwe neza. Iyi vitamine B ni ingenzi mu iterambere ry’umuyoboro w’imbere. Iyo nta acide folique ihagije mu gihe cy’inda, ibyago bya spina bifida byiyongera cyane. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bagira inama abagore bashobora gutwita gufata acide folique.

Uburanga (genetics) na bwo bugira uruhare, nubwo spina bifida idasimburwa nk’imiterere y’amaso. Niba ufite umwana umwe ufite spina bifida, amahirwe yo kubyara undi mwana ufite ubu burwayi ni menshi kurusha uko bisanzwe. Kugira amateka y’uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere mu muryango na byo bishobora kongera ibyago.

Imiti imwe ishobora kubangamira uko umubiri ukoresha acide folique. Imiti yo kurwanya indwara z’ubwonko, cyane cyane valproic acid, ishobora kongera ibyago. Niba ufata iyi miti kandi uteganya gutwita, vugana n’umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwiza.

Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibi harimo diabete idakurikiranwa neza mu gihe cy’inda, umubyibuho ukabije, n’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’umubiri buterwa n’umuriro cyangwa koga mu mazi ashyushye mu gihe cy’inda. Ariko kandi, abana benshi bafite spina bifida bavukira ku babyeyi badafite ibyo bibazo.

Ibyago bya Spina Bifida ni ibihe?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza, cyane cyane niba uteganya gutwita. Kwibuka ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko spina bifida izabaho.

Ikintu gikomeye cyane cyongera ibyago ni ukudahera acide folique ihagije mbere na nyuma y’inda. Umubiri wawe ukeneye iyi vitamine kugira ngo umuyoboro w’imbere ukingirane neza. Abagore badakoresha acide folique cyangwa batarya ibiryo birimo folate bafite ibyago byinshi.

Gutwita mbere ufite uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere byongera ibyago byo gutwita ukundi. Niba wabyaye umwana ufite spina bifida, umuganga wawe azakugira inama yo gufata acide folique nyinshi mu gihe cy’inda, kandi ashobora kugusaba gupimwa byinshi.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kongera ibyago. Diabete idakurikiranwa neza mu gihe cy’inda igira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’umwana. Zimwe mu ndwara z’uburanga zigira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukoresha folate na zo zishobora gutera ibyago byinshi.

Imyaka n’ubwoko bw’abantu bigira uruhare ruto. Abagore bari munsi y’imyaka 20 n’abarengeje 35 bafite ibyago byinshi, kandi abagore b’Abahispanique bafite ibyago byinshi by’uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere ugereranyije n’andi moko. Ariko, ibyo bintu ntabwo ari byo bikomeye kurusha gufata acide folique.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera Spina Bifida?

Niba utwite, gusuzuma inda buri gihe harimo gusuzuma spina bifida. Umuganga wawe azakugira inama yo gupimwa amaraso no gukorerwa iskaneri ishobora kubona uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere hakiri kare mu gihe cy’inda, akenshi hagati y’ibyumweru 15-20.

Ku muryango ufite umwana ufite spina bifida, kwitabwaho n’abaganga buri gihe ni ingenzi. Uzifuza kubona itsinda ry’abaganga bita ku mwana wawe niba ubona impinduka mu mikorere, intege nke nshya mu birenge, cyangwa ibibazo byo kugenzura umukozi cyangwa amatara bigaragara bitandukanye n’ibisanzwe.

Ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa harimo kubabara umutwe cyane, kuruka, impinduka mu kubona, cyangwa ubunebwe budasanzwe. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo nka hydrocephalus cyangwa ibibazo by’imikorere y’imiti, bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Niba uteganya gutwita kandi ufite ibyago, vugana n’umuganga wawe mbere yo gutangira kugerageza gutwita. Bashobora kugufasha kunoza ubuzima bwawe no kugenzura ko ufata acide folique ihagije.

Ibibazo bishobora guterwa na Spina Bifida ni ibihe?

Nubwo gutekereza ku bibazo bishobora gutera ubwoba, kubisobanukirwa bigufasha kumenya ibyo ugomba kwitondera n’uburyo itsinda ry’abaganga rishobora kugufasha kubigenzura neza.

Hydrocephalus ni kimwe mu bibazo bisanzwe, kigaragara ku bana bagera kuri 80% bafite myelomeningocele. Ibi bibaho iyo amazi yubakira mu bwonko, bishobora gutera ibibazo byo gutera imbere cyangwa kwiga. Ubuvuzi bwo gushyiramo imiti ishobora gufasha gucunga iyi ndwara mu buryo bwiza mu bihe byinshi.

Ibibazo byo kugenda bitandukanye cyane bitewe n’aho ikibazo kiri ku mugongo. Bamwe mu bana bagenda uko bisanzwe, abandi bakoresha inkunga cyangwa amagare, abandi bakoresha amagare y’abamugaye. Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ibikoresho byoroshya imikorere bifasha kongera ubushobozi bw’umuntu uko kugenda kwe kose kumeze.

Ibibazo byo kugenzura umukozi n’amatara ni ibisanzwe mu bwoko bukomeye. Ibi bibaho kuko imijyana y’imbere igenzura iyo mikorere ishobora kwangirika. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura, harimo imiti n’imiti yo gukoresha, bishobora gufasha abantu kubaho neza kandi badatinya.

Ibibazo byo kwiga bibaho ku bana bamwe, cyane cyane abafite hydrocephalus. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ibibazo byo kwitonda, gutunganya amakuru, cyangwa gutegura imirimo. Gutabara hakiri kare n’ubufasha mu burezi bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutsinda mu ishuri.

Ibibazo bike bibaho harimo ibibazo by’uruhu bituruka ku kubura ubwumva, ibibazo by’amagufa nka scoliosis cyangwa ibibazo by’ikibero, n’allergie ya latex bituruka ku kuvurwa kenshi. Itsinda ry’abaganga bazakurikirana ibyo kandi bagatanga ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe bikenewe.

Spina Bifida ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda spina bifida ni ugufata acide folique mbere na nyuma y’inda. Icyo gikorwa cyoroshye gishobora kugabanya ibyago by’uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere kugeza kuri 70%.

Abagore bose bashobora gutwita bagomba gufata 400 micrograms ya acide folique buri munsi, nubwo batateganya gutwita. Kubera ko iterambere ry’umuyoboro w’imbere riba hakiri kare, akenshi mbere yo kumenya ko utwite, kugira acide folique ihagije mbere ni ingenzi.

Niba warigeze gutwita ufite spina bifida, umuganga wawe azakugira inama yo gufata acide folique nyinshi, ubusanzwe 4.000 micrograms buri munsi, utangiye byibuze ukwezi kumwe mbere yo gutwita. Iyo dose nyinshi igabanya cyane ibyago byo kongera kubyara umwana ufite ubu burwayi.

Kurya ibiryo birimo folate na byo bifasha, nubwo bigoye kubona bihagije mu biryo gusa. Ibiryo byiza harimo imboga z’icyatsi kibisi, imbuto za citrus, ibishyimbo, n’ibinyampeke byongerewemo imiti.

Kwita ku zindi ndwara mbere yo gutwita na byo ni ingenzi. Niba ufite diabete, korana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo ugere ku rwego rwiza rwo kugenzura isukari mbere yo gutwita. Irinde imiti ibangamira acide folique keretse ari ngombwa, kandi ubanze ubiganireho n’abaganga bawe.

Spina Bifida imenyekanwa ite?

Spina bifida imenyekanwa akenshi mu gihe cy’inda hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya buri gihe ry’inda, nubwo rimwe na rimwe imenyekana igihe umwana avutse cyangwa nyuma y’imyaka myinshi ku bwoko buke.

Mu gihe cy’inda, umuganga wawe azakugira inama yo gupimwa amaraso yitwa AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) hagati y’ibyumweru 15-20. Iyo urwego rw’amaraso rurenga urugero rusanzwe, bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere. Niba iryo pima ryerekana urwego rurenga urugero, umuganga wawe azakugira inama yo gukora ibindi bipimo kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye.

Iskaneri ya ultrasound itanga ishusho yuzuye y’umugongo w’umwana uri mu nda kandi ishobora kubona spina bifida neza. Iskaneri ya ultrasound ifite ubushobozi bwo kubona neza ishobora kugaragaza ikibazo ku mugongo kandi igatuma umuntu amenya ubwoko n’uburemere bw’ubwo burwayi.

Amniocentesis, aho hafatwa amazi make mu nda, ishobora kwemeza uburwayi kandi itange amakuru y’ubuzima bw’umwana. Iryo pima rikunze gukorwa iyo ibindi bipimo byerekana ko hari ikibazo.

Nyuma yo kuvuka, abaganga bashobora kumenya spina bifida hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’umubiri. Bazareba ibimenyetso bigaragara nka mufuka ku mugongo cyangwa impinduka z’uruhu ku mugongo. Ibindi bipimo nka MRI cyangwa CT scan bifasha kumenya uburemere bw’ubwo burwayi no gutegura ubuvuzi.

Ubuvuzi bwa Spina Bifida ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa spina bifida biterwa n’ubwoko n’uburemere bwabwo, ariko intego ihora ari ugufasha abantu kubaho uko bashoboye kandi bakumva bameze neza.

Kuri spina bifida occulta, ubuvuzi ntibukenewe kuko ubu bwoko buke cyane nta kibazo gitera. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo gukurikirana umwana mu gihe cy’ubwana kugira ngo arebe impinduka, ariko abantu benshi ntibakenera ubuvuzi bw’umwihariko.

Meningocele isaba ubuvuzi bwo gukingira ikibazo no gukuraho umufuka w’amazi. Ubu buvuzi busanzwe bugira icyo bugeraho, kandi abana bakura neza nyuma yabwo bafite ibibazo bike by’igihe kirekire.

Myelomeningocele isaba kwitabwaho cyane guhera igihe umwana avutse. Ubuvuzi mu minsi mike nyuma yo kuvuka bukingira ikibazo kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura no kwangirika kw’imijyana y’imbere. Bimwe mu bitaro bikora ubuvuzi ku mwana akiri mu nda, ibyo bishobora kunoza ibyavuye mu buvuzi kuri bamwe mu bana.

Niba hydrocephalus ibayeho, abaganga bashyiramo imiti yo gukura amazi yubitse mu bwonko. Iyo tube ntoya iyobora amazi mu gice cy’umubiri aho ashobora kunyerezwa neza. Gukurikirana buri gihe byemeza ko iyo miti ikomeza gukora neza.

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri butangira hakiri kare kandi bukomeza mu gihe cy’ubwana no nyuma yaho. Abavuzi bafasha abana gutera imbere mu gukomera, guhuza ibikorwa, no kugenda. Bafasha kandi imiryango imyitozo ngororamubiri n’uburyo bwo gufasha umwana wabo gutera imbere mu rugo.

Ubuvuzi bw’imirimo bwibanda ku mikorere ya buri munsi, gufasha abana kwambara, kurya, no kwita ku buzima bwabo bwite uko bashoboye. Abavuzi bagira inama kandi ku bikoresho byoroshya imirimo ya buri munsi.

Uko wakwita kuri Spina Bifida murugo

Kwita kuri spina bifida murugo bisobanura gushyiraho gahunda zifasha ubuzima bw’umwana wawe n’ubushobozi bwe, mugihe ubuzima bw’umuryango buguma busanzwe.

Kwita ku ruhu ni ingenzi cyane ku bana bafite ubwumva buke mu birenge. Suzuma buri munsi ibikomere, ibikomere, cyangwa ibikomere by’umuvuduko, cyane cyane niba umwana wawe akoresha inkunga cyangwa amagare y’abamugaye. Komeza uruhu rweze kandi rwumutse, kandi menya ko inkweto zikwiranye kugira ngo wirinde imvune.

Kwita ku mikozi y’umukozi n’amatara biba igice cy’imikorere ya buri munsi. Abana benshi biga gukoresha imiti cyangwa gukurikiza gahunda zo kujya mu musarani. Korana n’itsinda ry’abaganga kugira ngo umenye uburyo bukwiye umwana wawe n’umuryango.

Imikino ngororamubiri n’imikino ngororamubiri ni ingenzi mu kugumana imbaraga no kwirinda ibibazo. Koga ni imikino myiza cyane ku bana bafite spina bifida, kuko itera imbaraga idashyira umuvuduko ku magufa. Shishikariza imikino ikwiranye n’imyaka y’umwana wawe akunda.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo, nko guhindura imyitwarire, intege nke nshya, cyangwa ibibazo by’imikorere y’imiti niba umwana wawe ayifite. Gira icyizere cy’ibyo umenya nk’umubyeyi – uzi umwana wawe kurusha abandi kandi ushobora kubona impinduka mbere y’abandi.

Komeza kujya kwa muganga buri gihe nubwo byose bigaragara neza. Itsinda ry’abaganga bita ku mwana wawe rishobora kubona ibibazo hakiri kare kandi rigahindura ubuvuzi uko umwana wawe akura.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitunganya kujya kwa muganga bifasha kwemeza ko ukoresha neza igihe cyawe n’itsinda ry’abaganga kandi utabagirwa ibibazo cyangwa impungenge.

Komeza urutonde rw’impinduka wabonye ku mwana wawe, harimo ibimenyetso bishya, impinduka mu kugenda, cyangwa impinduka mu mikozi y’umukozi cyangwa amatara. Ndetse n’impinduka nto zishobora gutanga amakuru akomeye ku itsinda ry’abaganga.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose, harimo umunaniro n’igihe ifatwa. Harimo imiti y’inyongera cyangwa imiti yo kuvura ibibazo byoroshye umwana wawe afata buri gihe.

Andika ibibazo mbere yo kujya kwa muganga. Birashoboka kwibagirwa ibyo wifuza kubaza igihe uri kwita ku byo umuganga akubwiye. Ntugatinye gusaba ko bagusobanurira ibyo utamenyereye.

Niba umwana wawe afite imiti, tegura gusobanura ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo, nko kubabara umutwe, kuruka, cyangwa guhindura imyitwarire. Ibyo ubona murugo ni ingenzi mu gukurikirana imikorere y’imiti.

Tegura kuzana undi muntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti mu gihe cy’ibipimo by’ingenzi. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka ibyavuzwe no kugufasha mu gihe cy’ibipimo bishobora gutera ubwoba.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Spina Bifida

Spina bifida ni uburwayi bushobora kuvurwa bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku bantu, kandi hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi n’ubufasha, abantu bafite spina bifida bashobora kubaho ubuzima buhamye, buboneye.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwirinda bishoboka. Guhera acide folique mbere na nyuma y’inda bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by’uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’imbere. Niba uteganya gutwita, tanga gufata acide folique ubu.

Ku muryango ubana na spina bifida, wibuke ko utabana wenyine. Iterambere mu buvuzi rikomeza kunoza ibyavuye mu buvuzi, kandi hari itsinda ry’abaganga bakomeye bakiteguye kugufasha wowe n’umwana wawe. Gutabara hakiri kare no kwitabwaho n’abaganga buri gihe bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gutsinda mu gihe kirekire.

Buri mwana ufite spina bifida afite imbaraga n’ibibazo bitandukanye. Ibanda ku bushobozi bw’umwana wawe aho kuba ku mbaraga ze, kandi korana n’itsinda ry’abaganga kugira ngo umenye uko wakwiteza imbere no kubaho neza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Spina Bifida

Q1: Abantu bafite spina bifida bashobora kubyara?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite spina bifida bashobora kubyara. Ubushobozi bwo kubyara busanzwe, nubwo ibintu bimwe na bimwe byo gutwita no kubyara bishobora gukenera kwitabwaho n’abaganga. Abagore bafite spina bifida bagomba gukorana n’itsinda ry’abaganga igihe bateganya gutwita kugira ngo babone ibyiza ku mubyeyi n’umwana.

Q2: Umwana wanjye ufite spina bifida azashobora kugenda?

Ubushobozi bwo kugenda biterwa n’ubwoko n’aho spina bifida iri. Abana benshi bafite ubwoko buke bagenda uko bisanzwe, abandi bakoresha inkunga, amagare, cyangwa amagare y’abamugaye. Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ibikoresho byoroshya imikorere bifasha kongera ubushobozi bw’umuntu uko kugenda kwe kose kumeze.

Q3: Abantu bafite spina bifida babaho igihe kingana iki?

Bafashwe neza n’abaganga, abantu benshi bafite spina bifida babaho igihe kirekire cyangwa hafi ya cyo. Iterambere mu buvuzi, cyane cyane mu gucunga hydrocephalus no kwirinda ibibazo, byarushijeho kunoza ibyavuye mu buvuzi mu myaka mike ishize.

Q4: Spina bifida irashobora gukira?

Spina bifida ntishobora gukira, ariko ishobora kuvurwa neza. Ubuvuzi bushobora gukingira ikibazo ku mugongo no kuvura ibibazo nka hydrocephalus. Ubuvuzi butandukanye bufasha abantu bafite spina bifida kubaho uko bashoboye no gucunga ibibazo byose.

Q5: Spina bifida irasimburwa?

Spina bifida ntisimburwa nk’izindi ndwara, ariko hari ibyago byiyongera niba biri mu muryango. Niba ufite umwana umwe ufite spina bifida, ibyago byo gutwita ukundi ni byinshi kurusha uko bisanzwe, ariko gufata acide folique nyinshi bishobora kugabanya ibyo byago.