Ibi ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uburyo bwo kuvura

Ibi ni iki?

Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso ajya mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko ahagarikwa cyangwa agabanuka. Tekereza nk'indwara y'umutima, ariko mu bwonko aho kuba mu mutima.

Iyo uturemangingo tw'ubwonko tudafite umwuka n'ibintu by'ingenzi bikomoka mu maraso, dutangira gupfa mu minota mike. Ni yo mpamvu abaganga bakunze kwita ibi “igitero cy'ubwonko” kandi ni yo mpamvu gutabara vuba bigira uruhare runini mu gukira.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibi byinshi bishobora kuvurwa, cyane cyane iyo byafashwe hakiri kare. Gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byo kuburira no guhita ufata ingamba bishobora gufasha kurinda ubwonko bwawe no kunoza amahirwe yawe yo gukira neza.

Ibimenyetso by'ibi ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'ibi bikunze kuza gatatanya kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko iminota yose iba ari ingenzi iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye.

Dore ibimenyetso byo kuburira by'ingenzi ugomba kwitondera:

• Uburibwe cyangwa intege nke mu maso, ukuboko, cyangwa ukuguru, cyane cyane ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri
• Ukutabona neza cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga cyangwa kumva ibyavuzwe
• Ikibazo cyo kubona mu jisho rimwe cyangwa mu yombi
• Ikibazo cyo kugenda, guhindagurika, cyangwa kubura umutekano
• Uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe nta mpamvu izwi
• Ikibazo cyo kurya
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka iyo bihuriye n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ibi

Abantu benshi bakoresha inyuguti ya FAST kugira ngo bibuke ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ibi. F ihagarariye isura yaguye, A ihagarariye ukuboko gucika intege, S ihagarariye ikibazo cyo kuvuga, na T ihagarariye igihe cyo guhamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi.

Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso by'ibi bishobora kuba bito, cyane cyane mu bagore. Ushobora kumva umunaniro utunguranye, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza hamwe n'ibindi bimenyetso.

Ubwoko bw'ibi ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bw'ibi, kandi kubyumva bifasha gusobanura impamvu uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutandukana. Buri bwoko bugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe mu buryo butandukanye.

Ubwoko bwose ni ischemic stroke, ibaho iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso ukinga umuyoboro w'amaraso ujya mu bwonko. Ibi bigize hafi 87% by'ibi byose kandi bibaho iyo imyanda y'amavuta cyangwa imivuduko y'amaraso igabanya cyangwa ikinga imiyoboro y'amaraso.

Hemorrhagic stroke ibaho iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko bwawe usenya cyangwa ugaturika. Ubwoko buke ariko bukaba bukomeye kuko amaraso asuka mu mubiri w'ubwonko cyangwa hafi yawo, akaba ateza umuvuduko n'ibyangirika.

Ubwoko bwa gatatu bwitwa transient ischemic attack cyangwa TIA, rimwe na rimwe bita “mini-stroke”. Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso ajya mu bwonko ahagarikwa by'agateganyo, akenshi mu minota mike, hanyuma agasubira mu buryo busanzwe.

Nubwo ibimenyetso bya TIA bishobora guhita bikira, bigira uruhare nk'ikimenyetso cyo kuburira. Hafi umwe mu bantu batatu bafite TIA azagira ibi, akenshi mu mwaka umwe.

Impamvu z'ibi ni izihe?

Ibi bibaho iyo ikintu cyahungabanyije umuvuduko usanzwe w'amaraso ajya mu bwonko bwawe. Impamvu nyamukuru iterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibi ufite.

Ku bijyanye na ischemic strokes, impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Imivuduko y'amaraso ikora mu miyoboro y'amaraso itanga amaraso mu bwonko (thrombotic stroke)
• Imivuduko y'amaraso ikora ahandi mu mubiri wawe ikajya mu bwonko (embolic stroke)
• Kugabanyuka cyane kw'imiyoboro y'amaraso kubera imyanda y'amavuta (atherosclerosis)
• Indwara y'imiyoboro mito y'amaraso igira ingaruka ku miyoboro mito y'amaraso iri mu bwonko

Hemorrhagic strokes ibaho kubera impamvu zitandukanye:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ugabanya imbaraga z'inkuta z'imiyoboro y'amaraso uko igihe gihita
• Aneurysms (ibice bito mu nkuta z'imiyoboro y'amaraso bikaba byaguka)
• Arteriovenous malformations (imiterere idasanzwe y'imiyoboro y'amaraso)
• Imiti igabanya amaraso ituma amaraso ashobora kuva cyane
• Umuvuduko mu mutwe uterwa n'impanuka cyangwa kugwa

Zimwe mu mpamvu z'ibi zidafite akamaro zirimo indwara z'amaraso, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe (cyane cyane cocaine na methamphetamines), cyangwa zimwe mu ndwara z'umurage zigira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso. Ariko rero, ibi byinshi biterwa n'ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gukumirwa aho kuba indwara zidafite akamaro.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga ufite ibimenyetso by'ibi?

Ugomba guhamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi ako kanya iyo ubona ibimenyetso by'ibi, nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito cyangwa bikagenda vuba. Ibi ni ubutabazi bw'ubuvuzi aho iminota yose iba ari ingenzi ku bwonko bwawe.

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigenda bigenda. Ubumenyi bw'ubwonko bupfa vuba udafite amaraso, kandi kuvura bikora neza iyo bitangiye mu masaha ya mbere ibimenyetso bitangiye.

Nubwo utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite TIA cyangwa “mini-stroke”, uracyakeneye ubutabazi bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya. TIAs ni ibimenyetso byo kuburira ko ibi bikomeye bishobora gukurikira, kandi abaganga bashobora kubikumira bikabaho hamwe no kuvura neza.

Niba utari uhamya niba ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'ibi, bihora ari byiza guhitamo kwitondera. Abaganga bo mu bitaro by'ubutabazi bahuguwe mu gusuzuma no gukuraho ibi vuba, ntukihate kuba ubababaza n'amakuru atari yo.

Ibyago by'ibi ni ibihe?

Bimwe mu byago by'ibi ushobora kubigenzura, ibindi ntushobora kubigenzura. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwombi bigufasha gushyira imbaraga zawe ku mpinduka zishobora kugira uruhare runini ku buzima bwawe.

Ibyago ushobora gucunga birimo:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyo gucunga)
• Itabi n'ibindi biyobyabwenge byo kunywa
• Diabete
• Cholesterol nyinshi
• Guhindagurika
• Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kunywisha inzoga cyane
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe
• Apnea yo mu buriri
• Atrial fibrillation n'izindi ndwara z'umutima

Ibyago udashobora guhindura birimo:

• Imyaka (ibyago byiyongera kabiri buri cumi nyuma y'imyaka 55)
• Igitsina (abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi, ariko abagore bafite ibi byinshi byica
• Uruhando (Abanyamerika b'Abirabura, Abahispanike, n'Abanyamerika bakomoka mu bwoko bw'aba-Native bafite ibyago byinshi)
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibi
• Ibi byabayeho mbere cyangwa TIA

Inkuru ishishikariza ni uko gucunga ibyago ushobora gucunga bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by'ibi, nubwo ufite ibyago udashobora guhindura. Impinduka nto, zihoraho mu myitwarire yawe ya buri munsi zishobora kongera uburinzi bw'ubwonko bwawe.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'ibi ni izihe?

Ingaruka z'ibi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'ubuzima bwawe, ariko abantu benshi barakira neza hamwe no kuvurwa neza no gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ingaruka bikunze guterwa n'igice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka n'uburyo wahawe ubutabazi vuba.

Ingaruka ku mubiri zishobora kuba:

• Intege nke cyangwa ubugufi ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (hemiplegia)
• Ikibazo cyo guhuza ibintu n'umutekano
• Ibibazo byo kurya (dysphagia)
• Ibibazo byo kubona cyangwa ubuhumyi mu gice kimwe cy'ububone
• Imihindagurikire (iba mu bantu bagera kuri 10% barokotse ibi)
• Uburwayi buhoraho cyangwa ibyiyumvo bidasanzwe

Ibibazo byo kwibuka n'ibyerekeye itumanaho bishobora kuba:

• Ikibazo cyo kuvuga cyangwa kumva ururimi (aphasia)
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka, gutekereza, cyangwa gukemura ibibazo
• Ikibazo cyo gusoma cyangwa kwandika
• Ikibazo cyo kumenya ibintu cyangwa abantu bamenyereye
• Impinduka mu gukemura ibibazo cyangwa mu gufata ibyemezo

Impinduka mu mico n'imyitwarire na byo ni ibisanzwe kandi birimo kwiheba, guhangayika, impinduka mu mico, cyangwa kugabanuka ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibyiyumvo. Izi ngaruka zo mu mutwe ni igice gisanzwe cyo gukira ibi, si ikimenyetso cy'intege nke.

Nubwo uru rutonde rushobora kugaragara nk'urwubaka, ibuka ko ingaruka nyinshi zikira cyane uko igihe gihita, ubuvuzi, n'ubufasha. Ubwonko bwawe bufite ubushobozi bwo guhinduka no gukora ibindi bihuza, cyane cyane hamwe no gusubira mu buzima busanzwe.

Ibi bishobora gukumirwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ku bijyanye n'ibi ni uko kugeza kuri 80% by'ibi bishobora gukumirwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho no kuvurwa neza. Ibikorwa bito, bihoraho bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kurinda ubwonko bwawe.

Gucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane ushobora gutera. Ubuhagarike munsi ya 140/90 mmHg ukoresheje imiti iyo bibaye ngombwa, kugabanya umunyu, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no gucunga umunaniro.

Guhitamo imibereho myiza y'umutima birimo kureka itabi, kugabanya inzoga ku kinyobwa kimwe ku munsi ku bagore cyangwa bibiri ku bagabo, kurya indyo yuzuye imbuto n'imboga, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iminota 150 buri cyumweru.

Koranira n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo ugenzure indwara nk'igituntu, cholesterol nyinshi, na atrial fibrillation. Gukoresha imiti yatanzwe buri gihe no kugenzura izi ndwara bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by'ibi.

Niba warigeze kugira ibi cyangwa TIA, gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kwirinda biba by'ingenzi kurushaho. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gufata imiti igabanya amaraso, imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, cyangwa imiti igabanya cholesterol nk'uko yatanzwe.

Ibi bipimwa bite?

Abaganga bashobora guhita basobanukirwa ibi vuba bakoresheje ibimenyetso byawe, isuzuma ry'umubiri, n'ibipimo byo gufata amashusho y'ubwonko. Umuvuduko ni ingenzi, bityo amakipe y'ubutabazi ahuguwe mu gukora neza.

Umuganga wawe azabanza gukora isuzuma ry'ubwonko, akareba uko utekereza, uko uhuza ibintu, umutekano, n'imikorere y'imbere. Azakubaza kandi ibyerekeye ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima, akareba umutima wawe n'imiyoboro y'amaraso.

Ibishoboka byo gufata amashusho y'ubwonko bifasha kumenya ubwoko bw'ibi ufite:

• CT scan (computed tomography) ishobora vuba kwerekana niba ufite hemorrhagic stroke
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) itanga amashusho arambuye y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko
• CT angiography cyangwa MR angiography igaragaza imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko

Ibisuzumwa by'amaraso bireba ibibazo byo gukora amaraso, urwego rw'isukari mu maraso, n'ibimenyetso by'indwara. Ibizamini by'umutima nk'electrocardiogram (ECG) cyangwa echocardiogram bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe indwara z'umutima zishobora guteza ibi.

Uburyo bwose bwo gusuzuma bwagenewe gukorwa vuba kugira ngo kuvura bikwiye bitangire vuba bishoboka. Ibitaro byinshi by'ubutabazi bishobora kurangiza isuzuma rya mbere mu isaha imwe uhageze.

Kuvura ibi ni iki?

Kuvura ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibi ufite n'uburyo wahawe ubutabazi vuba. Intego ni ugushyira umuvuduko w'amaraso mu bwonko vuba bishoboka no kwirinda ibindi byangirika.

Ku bijyanye na ischemic strokes, abaganga bashobora gukoresha imiti ivura imivuduko y'amaraso yitwa tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). Iyi miti ikora neza iyo itanzwe mu masaha 3 kugeza kuri 4.5 ibimenyetso bitangiye, nubwo rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira akamaro nyuma.

Mechanical thrombectomy ni ubundi buryo abaganga bakoresha igikoresho cyihariye kugira ngo bakureho imivuduko minini mu miyoboro y'amaraso y'ubwonko. Ubu buryo bushobora kugira akamaro kugeza ku masaha 24 ibimenyetso bitangiye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Kuvura hemorrhagic stroke byibanda ku kugenzura amaraso no kugabanya umuvuduko mu bwonko:

• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso no kugabanya kubyimbagira kw'ubwonko
• Ubuvuzi bwo gusana imiyoboro y'amaraso yangiritse cyangwa gukuraho amaraso y'amaraso
• Uburyo bwo kuvura aneurysms cyangwa arteriovenous malformations

Nyuma y'igihe cy'uburwayi bukomeye, kuvura bihinduka kugira ngo birinde ibindi byangirika no kugufasha gukira. Ibi birimo imiti nk'imiti igabanya amaraso, imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, cyangwa imiti igabanya cholesterol, bitewe n'umwanya wawe.

Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bikunze gutangira mu bitaro bikaba bikomeza ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Ubu buryo bw'itsinda burimo abavura umubiri, abavura imirimo, n'abavura kuvuga bigufasha gusubiza ubushobozi bwawe n'uburyo bwo guhangana n'impinduka zihoraho.

Uburyo bwo gucunga gukira ibi mu rugo?

Gukira mu rugo nyuma y'ibi birimo gukora ahantu heza kandi gukurikiza inama z'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga. Abenshi barokotse ibi bakomeza gukira amezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma y'ibi byabo bya mbere.

Gukoresha imiti nk'uko yatanzwe ni ingenzi mu kwirinda ibindi byangirika. Shyiraho uburyo bufite ibikoresho byo kubika imiti, ibyibutso, cyangwa porogaramu za terefone kugira ngo bigufashe kwibuka umwanya w'imiti.

Guhindura umutekano w'urugo bishobora kuba birimo gushyira ibikoresho byo gufata mu bwiherero, gukuraho amakarito, kunoza amatara, no kubika ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa hafi. Izi mpinduka zifasha kwirinda kugwa no koroshya ibikorwa bya buri munsi.

Komeza ubuvuzi n'imyitozo ngororamubiri yatanzwe mu rugo. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha kubungabunga imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo kugenda, mu gihe imyitozo yo kuvuga ifasha gukira itumanaho. Kugira ubudaheranwa muri ibi bikorwa bikunze kugaragaza iterambere ryinshi uzabona.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso byo kwiheba cyangwa guhangayika, bisanzwe nyuma y'ibi. Komera ku muryango n'inshuti, tekereza kujya mu itsinda ry'abafite ibi, kandi ntutinye kubwira muganga wawe ibyerekeye ubujyanama cyangwa imiti niba impinduka mu mico zibangamira gukira kwawe.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba ubona intege nke nshya, impinduka mu kuvuga, uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bibangamira. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikenera ubutabazi ako kanya.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe?

Kwitunganya gusura abaganga nyuma y'ibi bigufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe hamwe n'abajyanama b'ubuzima. Gutegura neza biragufasha kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe by'ingenzi no gukomeza gukira.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito cyangwa bidahuje. Vuga igihe byatangiye, icyabirwanya cyangwa kibyongera, n'uko bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, ibinyobwa, na vitamine ufata, harimo umwanya n'igihe. Zana kandi urutonde rw'ibintu ufite allergie n'ingaruka zose mbi wabonye mu miti.

Tegura ibibazo byihariye ku bijyanye no gukira kwawe, nko kumenya iterambere ushobora kwitega, igihe ushobora gusubira gutwara imodoka cyangwa kujya mu kazi, n'ibimenyetso byo kuburira bikwiye guhita bitanga ubutabazi.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti mu gusura. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru, kubaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa, no kugufasha mu biganiro ku bijyanye no kuvurwa kwawe.

Komeza ibitabo byo gukira byerekana iterambere ryawe, ibibazo, n'ibibazo byaza hagati y'ibisura. Aya makuru afasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura no gukemura ibibazo byawe neza.

Icyingenzi cyo kwibuka ku bijyanye n'ibi?

Ibi ni ubutabazi bukomeye bw'ubuvuzi, ariko kandi buravurwa cyane iyo byafashwe hakiri kare. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko gutabara ako kanya bishobora gutandukanya gukira neza n'ubumuga buhoraho.

Ibi byinshi bikumirwa binyuze mu guhitamo imibereho myiza no gucunga neza indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na diabete. Nubwo impinduka nto mu myitwarire yawe ya buri munsi zishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe.

Niba ufite ibi, gukira bishoboka hamwe no kuvurwa neza no gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Ubwonko bwawe bufite ubushobozi bwo gukira no guhinduka, kandi abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzuye, bufite icyerekezo nyuma y'ibi.

Icyingenzi ni ukumenya ibimenyetso vuba, gushaka ubutabazi bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya, no kwiyemeza gahunda yawe yo gukira. Hamwe n'ubufasha n'ubuvuzi bikwiye, ushobora kunoza amahirwe yawe kugira ngo ugire ibyiza bishoboka.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku bijyanye n'ibi

Abakiri bato bashobora kugira ibi?

Yego, nubwo ibyago by'ibi byiyongera uko umuntu akura, ibi bishobora kubaho mu myaka yose, harimo n'abana n'urubyiruko. Hafi 10-15% by'ibi bibaho mu bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 45. Abakiri bato bashobora kugira ibi kubera indwara z'umutima, indwara z'amaraso, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa ingaruka ziterwa n'inda.

Gukira ibi bimamara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu. Iterambere ryihuse riba mu mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu, ariko abantu benshi bakomeza gukira imyaka nyuma y'ibi. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gukira birimo ubunini n'aho ibi byabereye, imyaka yawe, ubuzima rusange, n'uburyo wahawe ubutabazi vuba. Kwitabira buri gihe ibikorwa byo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bikunze gutera ibyiza mu gihe kirekire.

Ushobora kugira ibi utabizi?

Yego, ibi bita “ibi bitagira ibimenyetso”. Biteza iyangirika ry'ubwonko ariko ntibigira ibimenyetso byumvikana wamenya. Ibi bitagira ibimenyetso ni byinshi mu bantu bakuze n'abafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa diabete. Nubwo ushobora kutamenya ingaruka zahise, ibi bitagira ibimenyetso bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kwibuka, ikibazo cyo gutekereza, cyangwa ibyago byiyongereye by'ibindi byangirika.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva unaniwe nyuma y'ibi?

Umunaniro ukabije ni ibisanzwe cyane nyuma y'ibi, ugira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 70% barokotse. Ibi si umunaniro usanzwe ahubwo ni umunaniro ukabije udatinda no kuruhuka. Umunaniro nyuma y'ibi ushobora guterwa n'ibyangirika by'ubwonko, imiti, kwiheba, ibibazo byo gusinzira, cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku buryo bwo gucunga umunaniro, harimo uburyo bwo kubungabunga ingufu n'uburyo bwo kuvura.

Umunaniro ushobora guteza ibi?

Nubwo umunaniro ubwawo udatera ibi, umunaniro uhoraho ushobora gutera indwara zongera ibyago by'ibi, nko guhindagurika kw'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, na diabete. Umunaniro ukabije cyangwa ibikomere byo mu mutwe bishobora rimwe na rimwe guteza ibi mu bantu basanzwe bafite ibyago.