Ese Guhutaza ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Guhutaza ni indwara y'imvugo aho umuvuduko usanzwe w'imvugo uhagarara bitewe n'amajwi, imirongo cyangwa amagambo asubirwamo. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu muziranye muhutaza, muhanganye n'ikibazo gikora ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi hose, kandi hari uburyo bwinshi buboneye bwo kubigenzura.

Iyi ndwara igizwe n'ibibazo bidakozwe n'ubushake mu kuvuga bishobora gutuma itumanaho bigoye rimwe na rimwe. Nubwo guhutaza bishobora kugaragara nk'ibitera agahinda, gusobanukirwa icyabaho no kumenya amahitamo yawe bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye mu buryo ubikoraho.

Ese guhutaza ni iki?

Guhutaza ni indwara yo gutumanaho ihagarika umuvuduko mwiza w'imvugo binyuze mu gusubiramo, gukomeza, cyangwa guhagarika. Iyo uhutaza, ubwonko bwawe n'imitsi y'imvugo ntibihuriza hamwe uko bisanzwe mu gihe cy'ikiganiro.

Tekereza ku kuvuga nk'umuziki ugoye hagati y'ubwonko bwawe, guhumeka, imitsi y'amajwi, ururimi, n'iminwa. Mu guhutaza, ubu bufatanye buhagarara by'agateganyo, bigatuma imvugo ihagarara, isubiramo, cyangwa ikaguma aho. Ibi bibaho nubwo uzi neza icyo ushaka kuvuga.

Iyi ndwara isanzwe itangira mu bwana, akenshi hagati y'imyaka 2 na 5, iyo abana bagikura vuba ubuhanga bwabo mu rurimi. Ariko kandi, ishobora kuza nyuma mu buzima bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye tuzasuzuma.

Ese ibimenyetso byo guhutaza ni ibihe?

Guhutaza bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye, kandi kumenya ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa icyabaho mu gihe cy'ibibazo byo kuvuga. Uburambe bwa buri muntu mu guhutaza ni bwihariye, ariko hari ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kwitondera.

Ibimenyetso by'imvugo by'ibanze birimo:

• Gusubiramo amajwi, imirongo cyangwa amagambo (nka “b-b-ball” cyangwa “N-n-ndagomba”)
• Gukomereza amajwi aho ukomeza urujwi rumwe (“ssssun” aho kuba “sun”)
• Guhagarara aho ijambo rihagarara burundu, akenshi bigaragara ko hari umwanya ugoye
• Kwinjiza amajwi cyangwa amagambo y’inyongera (“um,” “uh,” “nka”) kugira ngo ufashe kubona amagambo agoye
• Guhagarara mu mpande zidateganijwe mu magambo cyangwa mu mivugo

Uretse imiterere y’amagambo, guhunikira kenshi biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso by’umubiri bigaragaza imbaraga zikenewe. Ushobora kubona umwanya mu maso, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu bitugu mu bihe bigoye.

Ibimenyetso by’umubiri bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gucika intege cyangwa gufunga amaso mu gihe ugerageza kuvuga
• Kujijinganya kw’iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa izindi ntsinga z’imbere z’umubiri
• Guhindagura umutwe cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bidakozwe n’ubushake
• Guhambira ibiganza cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’umubiri
• Guhinduka mu ijwi cyangwa mu gukomera mu gihe cy’ibibazo

Abantu benshi bahunikira kandi bahindura imyitwarire mu gihe bagerageza gucunga amagambo yabo. Izi mpinduka ni ibisubizo bisanzwe byo guhangana n’ibibazo byo gutanga amakuru.

Ni izihe mpande z’ubuhunikira?

Guhunikira bigabanywa mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’igihe n’uburyo byavutse. Gusobanukirwa izi mpande bifasha gusobanura impamvu guhunikira bibaho kandi bigira uruhare mu buryo bwo kuvura.

Guhunikira gutera imbere ni cyo kigenda kenshi, gikora ku bantu bagera kuri 95% bahunikira. Iyi sura isanzwe itangira mu buto bwa mbere ubumenyi bw’ururimi bugenda bwiyongera cyane, akenshi hagati y’imyaka 2 na 5.

Guhunikira kwa neurogenic gutera imbere nyuma y’imvune y’ubwonko, umwijima, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’imikorere y’ubwonko. Bitandukanye no guhunikira gutera imbere, iyi sura ishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose kandi ikunda kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’amagambo n’ururimi.

Guhunikira kwa psychogenic ni gake kandi guturuka ku kibazo cyo mu mutwe cyangwa ku kaga gakomeye k’amarangamutima. Iyi sura ishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye ku muntu wari usanzwe afite ubumenyi bwiza bw’amagambo.

Mu guhinyura kw’iterambere, abavuga bavuga bakunze gutandukanya urwego rwo hasi, urwego rworoshye, urwego ruciriritse, n’urwego rukomeye. Ibyo bice bifasha mu kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no gushyiraho intego zifatika.

Ese iki gitera guhinyura?

Guhinyura biterwa n’imikorere ikomeye y’imiterere y’imibiri, imikorere y’ubwonko, n’ibintu by’ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bitaterwa no guhangayika, impungenge, cyangwa kurangwa n’uburere bubi, nubwo hari ibyo abantu benshi bibeshya.

Imibiri ifite uruhare runini, guhinyura bikunze kugaragara mu miryango mu bipimo bigera kuri 60%. Niba ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe uhinyura, ushobora kurushaho kubikora, nubwo bitavuze ko bizakubaho.

Isuzuma ry’ubwonko rigaragaza ko abantu bahinyura bakunze kugira itandukaniro rito mu buryo ubwonko bwabo bukoramo amagambo n’indimi. Iyo tandukaniro igira ingaruka ku gihe no guhuza bikenewe kugira ngo umuntu avuge neza.

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iterambere ryo guhinyura:

• Amateka y’umuryango yo guhinyura cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo kuvuga
• Kuba umuhungu (abahungu bafite amahirwe menshi yo guhinyura kurusha abakobwa inshuro 3-4)
• Iterambere ryihuse ry’ururimi mu bwana
• Itandukaniro mu miterere y’ubwonko cyangwa imikorere ifitanye isano no gutunganya amagambo
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zifata uburyo bw’imitsi

Ibintu by’ibidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kuremereza kwa guhinyura, nubwo bitabiteza. Ibintu byo kuvuga by’umuvuduko mwinshi, igihe gito, cyangwa ibyifuzo byo gutanga amakuru bishobora gutuma guhinyura kugaragara cyane.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, guhinyura bishobora kuza nyuma y’imvune z’umutwe, ibicurane, uburibwe bw’ubwonko, cyangwa indwara zangiza nk’indwara ya Parkinson. Iyo guhinyura byabonetse bikunze kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye n’ibyo guhinyura kw’iterambere.

Iyo ukwiye kubona muganga kubera guhinyura?

Wagombye kuvugana n’umuganga niba guhindagurika mu kuvuga bikomeje nyuma y’imyaka y’ubwana cyangwa bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho ya buri munsi. Gutangira kuvura hakiri kare akenshi bigira ingaruka nziza, cyane cyane ku bana.

Ku bana, shaka ubuvuzi niba guhindagurika mu kuvuga bikomeje amezi arenga atandatu, bigatinda kugaragara nyuma y’imyaka itanu, cyangwa bikazana imbogamizi n’umunaniro ukomeye. Abana bagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kumenya cyangwa guhangayika ku bijyanye n’imvugo yabo nabo bagenerwa isuzuma ry’umuganga.

Abakuze bakwiye gutekereza ku kuvurwa niba guhindagurika mu kuvuga bibangamira akazi, imibanire, cyangwa imibereho myiza. Ndetse no guhindagurika gake bigatera umunaniro cyangwa kwirinda ibikorwa runaka bisaba kwitabwaho n’umuganga.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa muri ibi bihe:

• Gutangira kw’ihutirwa guhindagurika mu kuvuga mu bakuru badafite amateka yabyo mbere
• Guhindagurika mu kuvuga bikomoka ku gukomeretsa umutwe, umwijima, cyangwa indwara
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga bifatanije n’ibindi bimenyetso by’indwara z’imitsi
• Uburakari bukomeye bufite aho buhuriye n’ibibazo byo kuvuga
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kuvuga neza

Wibuke ko gushaka ubufasha ntibivuze ko guhindagurika mu kuvuga ari bibi cyangwa bigoye. Abavuga bavura bashobora gutanga ingamba n’ubufasha butuma itumanaho byoroshye kandi bishimishije.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga?

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga, nubwo kuba ufite ibyago ntibivuze ko uzahindagurika mu kuvuga. Kubyumva bishobora gufasha mu kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura.

Ikintu gikomeye cyongera ibyago ni ukuba ufite abagize umuryango bahindagurika mu kuvuga. Ubushakashatsi ku mbaraga z’umurage bwerekana ko hari imirimo myinshi y’imiterere y’umuntu igira uruhare mu byago byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga, bituma bitoroshye kurusha uko umuntu yavuga ko ari ikintu kimwe cyarazwe.

Igitsina gifite uruhare rukomeye mu byago byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga, abahungu bafite ibyago byinshi inshuro 3-4 kurusha abakobwa. Igishimishije ni uko abakobwa bafite ibyago byinshi byo gukira mu buryo bw’umwimerere guhindagurika mu kuvuga hakiri kare batavuwe.

Ibintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago birimo:

• Amateka y’umuryango afite ibibazo byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n’itumanaho
• Kuba umuhungu
• Gutangira guhindagurika mu kuvuga nyuma y’imyaka 3.5
• Guhindagurika mu kuvuga igihe kirekire cy’amezi 6-12
• Kugira ibindi bibazo byo kuvuga cyangwa ururimi
• Ibyiringiro byinshi by’umuryango ku bijyanye n’umusaruro w’imvugo

Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kongera ibyago byo guhindagurika mu kuvuga, cyane cyane izireba urubuga rw’imiterere y’ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo byo kutamenya kwibanda, ibibazo by’umutima, cyangwa gutinda kw’iterambere.

Ibintu by’ibidukikije nko kuba mu muryango ufite umurego mwinshi cyangwa ahantu hasaba kuganira cyane ntibitera guhindagurika mu kuvuga ariko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ryabyo cyangwa uburemere mu bantu bafite ibyago.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka mbi zo guhindagurika mu kuvuga?

Nubwo guhindagurika mu kuvuga ubwayo atari ikintu kibangamira, bishobora gutera ibibazo by’amarangamutima, imibanire n’ishuri nibidakemuwe. Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka bishobora gufasha gushimangira akamaro ko gufashwa no kuvurwa.

Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe zigizwe n’ingaruka ku marangamutima no ku mitekereze. Abantu benshi bahindagurika mu kuvuga bagira ubwoba bwo kuvuga mu ruhame, ibyo bishobora gutuma guhangayika bituma guhindagurika mu kuvuga bikomeza.

Ibibazo by’imibanire bikunze kuvuka iyo abantu batangira kwirinda ibiganiro bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imibanire. Iki kirinda gishobora kugabanya amahirwe yabo mu buzima bwite no mu kazi igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho harimo:

• Ubwoba bw’imibanire n’ubwoba bwo kuvuga mu ruhame
• Kugabanuka kw’itabira ry’ishuri, akazi, cyangwa ibikorwa by’imibanire
• Kugabanuka kw’icyizere cy’umuntu ubwe n’ibibazo by’icyizere
• Ibibazo by’ishuri cyangwa akazi bitewe no kwirinda kuganira
• Ibibazo by’umubano cyangwa kwikura mu bandi
• Ikiniga cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe mu gihe gikomeye

Abana bafite ikibazo cyo guhindagurika mu kuvuga bashobora guhura no gusebwa cyangwa gutotezwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ryabo ry’amarangamutima no ku bushake bwabo bwo gutanga amakuru. Kugira ubufasha hakiri kare bifasha mu gukumira izi ngaruka zikurikira.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, guhindagurika mu kuvuga bikomeye bifatanije n’ubwoba bw’abantu bishobora gutuma umwana adashobora kuvuga cyangwa akirinda rwose kuvuga mu mimerere runaka. Ubufasha bw’umwuga bushobora gukumira izi ngorane zikomeye.

Ni gute guhindagurika mu kuvuga byakumirwa?

Kubera ko guhindagurika mu kuvuga bifite ibintu by’umurage n’iby’imikorere y’ubwonko, ntushobora kubikumira burundu. Ariko rero, guhanga ibidukikije byo gutanga amakuru byunganira bishobora kugabanya uburemere bwabyo no guteza imbere gukira mu buryo bw’umwimerere.

Ku miryango ifite amateka yo guhindagurika mu kuvuga, kumenya hakiri kare n’imikorere myiza yo gutanga amakuru bigira itandukaniro. Intego si ukubuza guhindagurika bisanzwe, ahubwo ni ugufasha iterambere ry’imvugo nzima.

Ingamba zunganira abana zirimo:

• Kuvuga buhoro buhoro kandi nta kwikubita agashyi nk’icyitegererezo
• Guha abana umwanya uhagije wo kuvuga batarushwa
• Kubatega amatwi byihanganye udatangirira imirongo yabo
• Kubabaza ibibazo bike no gutanga ibitekerezo byinshi
• Kugabanya igitutu cyo gutanga amakuru no guhangana mu gihe cyo kuvuga
• Kwita ku byo abana bavuga aho kwita ku buryo babivuga

Guhanga ibidukikije byo kuvuga bitagira igitutu bifasha abana bose kugira icyizere mu gutanga amakuru. Ibi birimo kugira igihe cyihariye buri munsi aho abana bashobora kuvuga batabangamiwe cyangwa batagira igitutu cy’igihe.

Nubwo udashobora gukumira guhindagurika mu kuvuga biturutse ku mpanuka cyangwa indwara, kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange no gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse ku bimenyetso by’ubwonko bishobora kugabanya ibyago.

Guhindagurika mu kuvuga bipimwa bite?

Gupima guhindagurika mu kuvuga bisaba isuzuma rirambuye rikorewe n’umuganga w’umwuga w’ubuvuzi bw’imvugo usobanukiwe n’indwara zo guhindagurika mu kuvuga. Uyu muvugo ugenzura atari imikorere y’imvugo gusa, ahubwo unareba n’ingaruka zayo ku buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ubusanzwe, isuzuma ritangira bibazwa ibibazo birambuye ku gihe guhenda kwatangiye, amateka y’umuryango, n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku itumanaho mu bihe bitandukanye. Aya makuru y’inyuma afasha kumva imiterere y’uruhenda.

Mu gihe cy’isuzuma, uzitabira imirimo itandukanye yo kuvuga irimo kuganira, gusoma ibitabo, no gusobanura amafoto. Umujyanama abanza gusesengura imiterere y’amagambo, kenshi ubusembwa, n’imyitwarire y’umubiri ijyana nabyo.

Uburyo bwo kuvura harimo:

• Amateka arambuye y’uburwayi n’amateka y’umuryango
• Gusesengura ibipimo by’amagambo mu bihe bitandukanye
• Gusuzuma umuvuduko w’amagambo, umwanya, n’imiterere y’amagambo
• Gusuzuma imyitwarire y’inyongera n’umuvuduko w’umubiri
• Ingaruka ku itumanaho n’imibereho
• Gusuzuma ibindi bibazo by’amagambo cyangwa ururimi

Ku bana, isuzuma rishobora kuba ririmo imikino ishingiye ku mikino n’imibanire n’ababyeyi kugira ngo barebe imiterere y’itumanaho isanzwe. Umujyanama kandi asuzuma niba umwana azi ko ahenda.

Mu gihe cy’uruhenda rutunguranye, cyane cyane mu bakuru, isuzuma ry’abaganga rishobora gusabwa kugira ngo habeho gukuraho ibibazo by’indwara z’imitsi. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo amashusho y’ubwonko cyangwa ibindi bipimo by’imitsi.

Ni iki kivura uruhenda?

Kuvura uruhenda byibanda ku kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutumanaho no kugabanya ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi aho kugera ku kuvuga neza. Uburyo bwa none bwo kuvura ni ubwumvikane kandi busanzwe bugira icyo bugeraho.

Umujyanama w’amagambo aguma ari yo y’ibanze yo kuvura, hamwe n’uburyo butandukanye butandukanye bitewe n’imyaka, uburemere bw’uruhenda, n’intego z’umuntu ku giti cye. Abantu benshi babona iterambere rihambaye bafite ubufasha buhoraho.

Ku bana bato, uburyo bwo kuvura bukunze kuba ubwo guhindura ibidukikije byo gutumanaho. Ababyeyi biga ingamba zo gushyigikira imvugo isobanutse neza batitaye ku guhindagurika.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kuvuga, bugamije kwigisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvuga
• Uburyo bwo kuvura guhindagurika, bugamije kugabanya imbaraga n'umunaniro
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imitekerereze n'imyitwarire, bugamije guhangana n'umujinya no kwirinda
• Gahunda zo guhugura ababyeyi mu kuvura abana
• Uburyo bwo kuvura mu matsinda, kugira ngo abana babone inkunga n'amahirwe yo gukora imyitozo
• Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitanga uburyo bwo kumva butandukanye

Guhindura uburyo bwo kuvuga bigisha ubuhanga bw'umwihariko nko kugabanya umuvuduko wo kuvuga, gutangira kuvuga utuje, no guhumeka neza. Ubu buhanga bufasha mu kuvuga neza mu mimerere itandukanye.

Guhindura uburyo bwo guhindagurika byibanda ku guhindura uburyo uhindagurika aho kubikuraho burundu. Ubu buryo bugabanya umunaniro n'imbaraga, bituma guhindagurika bidahungabanya.

Ku bamwe, imiti ishobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeza guhindagurika. Ariko kandi, nta muti uravura guhindagurika ubwayo.

Nigute wakwitwara mu rugo?

Ingamba zo kwivuza mu rugo zishobora gufasha cyane kuvura kwa muganga no kunoza ubumenyi bwa buri munsi. Ubu buryo bugamije kurema ibidukikije byo gushyigikira no gukora imyitozo ifasha.

Kurema ibidukikije byo gutumanaho bituje kandi byuzuye kwihangana bifitiye akamaro buri wese mu muryango. Ibi bisobanura kugabanya umuvuduko wo kuganira, guha umwanya uhagije wo gusubiza, no kwibanda ku butumwa aho kwita ku buryo bwo kubutanga.

Gukora imyitozo ya buri munsi y'uburyo bwo kuvura bikomeza ubuhanga bwigiwe mu nama z'abaganga. Kugira umuhate mu gukora imyitozo yo mu rugo kenshi bituma kuvura kugira umusaruro, bityo gushyiraho gahunda bifasha gukomeza gutera imbere.

Ingamba zifasha zo mu rugo zirimo:

• Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuruhuka mbere yo guhangana n’ibibazo byo kuvuga
• Koresha uburyo bwo kuvuga buhoro buhoro nk’icyitegererezo mu muryango
• Gushyiraho igihe cyo kuganira buri wese ku giti cye nta kintu kimubuza
• Gusoma ibitabo byumvikana hamwe kugira ngo mumenyere ubuhanga bwo kuvuga neza
• Kwandika amajwi yo guhugura kuvuga kugira ngo ukurebe aho ugeze
• Kishima ku ntsinzi mu itumanaho, atari ukuvuga neza gusa

Ku bana, kubagumishaho ibyiringiro bisanzwe ariko ukabafasha ni ingenzi. Irinde kubabwira ngo “gabanya umuvuduko” cyangwa ngo “tekereza mbere yo kuvuga,” kuko ibi bikunze kongera umuvuduko n’umunaniro.

Kubaka icyizere binyuze mu buhanga bwiza bwo gutumanaho bifasha kugabanya impungenge zo kuvuga. Ibi birimo guhitamo abumva neza kandi buhoro buhoro ukagenda ugwiza ahantu humva utekanye ho kuvuga.

Wategura gute uruzinduko kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe bifasha kwemeza ko ubonye isuzuma rirambuye kandi ubone inama zifatika. Gukusanya amakuru ajyanye n’ibyo ukeneye mbere bituma icyicaro cy’ibiganiro kibyara umusaruro.

Mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe, andika ibibazo byihariye ku guhunikira, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’icyo ugomba kwitega. Kugira urutonde bituma utabagirwa ibibazo by’ingenzi mu gihe cy’uruzinduko.

Zana amakuru arambuye yerekeye igihe guhunikira byatangiye, amateka y’umuryango, n’imimerere aho bigenda neza cyangwa nabi. Aya makuru afasha umwuga gusobanukirwa imiterere yawe yihariye.

Urutonde rw’ibyo gutegura:

• Urutonde rw’imiti ukoresha ubu n’uburwayi ufite
• Amateka y’umuryango yerekeye guhunikira cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo gutumanaho
• Ingero z’igihe guhunikira biba bibangamye cyane n’igihe bitabangamye
• Uburambe bwa terapi ya mbere yo kuvuga, niba hariho
• Intego zihariye zo kuvura
• Amakuru y’ubwishingizi n’ibibazo bijyanye n’ubwishingizi

Tegereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa incuti ishobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kureba uburyo ukoresha amagambo. Bashobora kubona ibintu utari witeze.

Ku bagana kwa muganga bakiri bato, nimuzane ibimenyetso by’uko bavuga mu bihe bitandukanye niba bishoboka. Amashusho y’ikiganiro gisanzwe ashobora gufasha cyane mu isuzuma.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo ku guhunikira?

Guhunikira ni ikibazo cyo gutanga amakuru gishobora kuvurwa gikora ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bagakomeza kugira imibereho myiza y’umuntu ku giti cye no mu kazi. Hamwe n’ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bikwiye, abantu benshi bahunikira bashobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko guhunikira bitagaragaza ubwenge, ubushobozi, cyangwa agaciro k’umuntu. Abantu benshi bagize amahirwe mu kazi, barimo abarimu, abanyamategeko, n’abavuga mu ruhame, baragenzura guhunikira mu gihe bakora neza imirimo yabo.

Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bigatanga umusaruro mwiza, ariko ntibikwiye gutinda gushaka ubufasha. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho bufite akamaro cyane mu kugabanya ingaruka zo guhunikira mu buzima bwa buri munsi no kubaka icyizere mu gutanga amakuru.

Ubufasha bw’umuryango, inshuti, n’abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi bugira uruhare rukomeye mu gucunga neza guhunikira. Kurema aho humvikana, aho abantu baganira bafite kwihangana, bifitiye akamaro abantu bose.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho ku guhunikira

Q1: Ese umwana wanjye azakira guhunikira wenyine?

Abana benshi barakira guhunikira hakiri kare batavuwe, hafi 75% bakira mu buryo bw’umwimerere mu gihe cy’ubwana. Ariko kandi, abana bakomeza guhunikira nyuma y’imyaka 5 cyangwa bagaragaza ibimenyetso byo guhangayika no gutoha, ntabwo bishoboka ko bakira mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Isuzuma hakiri kare rifasha kumenya niba kuvurwa byaba byiza, nubwo bishoboka ko wakira mu buryo bw’umwimerere.

Q2: Ese umunaniro cyangwa guhangayika bishobora gutera guhunikira?

Umuvuduko n’ihungabana ntibitera guhunikira, ariko bishobora gutuma guhunikira gukomeye cyangwa bigaragara. Guhunikira bifite imizi ya genetique na neurologique itera uko umuntu ameze mu mutwe atazi. Ariko, kugabanya umuvuduko no gucunga ihungabana bifasha kenshi kunoza uburyo bwo kuvuga kandi bituma itumanaho ryumvikana kandi rioroheye.

Q3: Hari abantu bazwi bahunikira?

Yego, abantu benshi bagize amahirwe bacunga guhunikira, barimo abakinnyi nka James Earl Jones na Emily Blunt, umuririmbyi wa muzika ya country Mel Tillis, n’abayobozi benshi b’ibigo n’abanyapolitiki. Ibi byerekana ko guhunikira ntibigabanya ubushobozi bw’akazi cyangwa iterambere ry’umuntu iyo bigenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubufasha n’ingamba bikwiye.

Q4: Guhunikira bimwe mu ndimi zose?

Guhunikira bibaho mu ndimi n’umuco wose, ariko imiterere yihariye ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’imiterere y’ururimi n’imigenzo yo gutumanaho. Bamwe mu bantu bahunikira mu rurimi rumwe bashobora kuvuga neza mu rundi, bitewe n’ukuntu bumva bworoshye kandi bafite ubumenyi. Ishingiro rya neurologique riguma rimeze kimwe uko ururimi ruvugwa kose.

Q5: Guhunikira bishobora kuza mu bukure?

Nubwo guhunikira bisanzwe bitangira mu bwana, bishobora kuza mu bantu bakuru nyuma y’imvune z’ubwonko, ibicurane, imvune ikomeye ya sikoloyogi, cyangwa ibibazo bimwe bya neurologique. Guhunikira gutangira mu bukure kenshi gifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye n’ibyo guhunikira mu bwana kandi bisaba isuzuma rya muganga kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyamukuru. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kandi guhinduka bitewe n’impamvu yihariye n’ibyo umuntu akeneye.