Supraventricular Tachycardia ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Umuti

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ni uko umutima wawe utangira gukubita vuba cyane, akenshi urenze ibitotsi 150 ku munota. Utekereza ko ari sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe yavangiranye gato kandi igasohora ibimenyetso byihuse cyane kuva mu byumba byo hejuru by'umutima wawe.

Iyi ndwara igaragara kuri miliyoni z'abantu kandi ikunze gutera ubwoba iyo ibaye, ariko akenshi ntabwo itera akaga. Umutima wawe ushobora gukubita vuba mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha menshi, hanyuma ugasubira mu buryo busanzwe. Gusobanukirwa icyabaye bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora iyo habaye ibyabaye.

Supraventricular tachycardia ni iki?

SVT ni ikibazo cy'umuvuduko w'umutima aho umutima wawe ukubita vuba cyane kubera ibimenyetso bibi by'amashanyarazi mu byumba byo hejuru by'umutima. Ijambo "supraventricular" risobanura "hejuru y'imitima," rivuga ku byumba byo hejuru by'umutima byitwa atria.

Umutima wawe ufite sisitemu y'amashanyarazi iyobora buri gitotsi cy'umutima. Mu gihe cya SVT, iyi sisitemu ihanga imigezi migufi, itera gukubita k'umutima vuba kandi bisanzwe. Ibyinshi mu byabaye bitangira kandi birangira mu buryo butunguranye, niyo mpamvu abantu benshi babivuga nk'umutima wabo "wakijyanye" mu buryo bwihuse.

Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwa SVT, burimo inzira z'amashanyarazi zitandukanye mu mutima wawe. Ubwoko busanzwe bukorera hafi abantu 2 kuri buri 1.000 mu gihe runaka cy'ubuzima bwabo.

Ibimenyetso bya supraventricular tachycardia ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cyigaragara cyane ni gukubita k'umutima vuba cyane, bikumva nk'aho umutima wawe uri gukubita cyane cyangwa uri guhindagurika mu gituza. Ushobora kumva nk'aho umutima wawe watangiye gukora cyane utunguranye.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora guhura na byo mu gihe cya SVT:

• Gukubita k'umutima vuba (akenshi ibitotsi 150-250 ku munota)
• Kumva umutima uri gukubita cyane cyangwa uri guhindagurika
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gukomera
• Guhumeka nabi
• Kuzenguruka cyangwa gucika intege
• Kunyara
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa intege nke
• Kugira ibitotsi mu ijosi
• Guhangayika cyangwa kumva uhangayitse

Bamwe mu bantu bagira kandi ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro nk'umunaniro, kumva ugiye kugwa, cyangwa kwifuza cyane gukora.

Ubwoko bwa supraventricular tachycardia ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko butatu nyamukuru bwa SVT, burimo ibibazo bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi mu mutima wawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwawe bifasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ni ubwoko busanzwe, bugize hafi 60% by'ibibazo byose bya SVT. Ibi bibaho iyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bihagaze mu mpeta hafi y'umutima wawe wa AV, ubusanzwe ufasha guhuza gukubita kw'umutima hagati y'ibyumba byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi.

AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) ibaho iyo ufite inzira y'amashanyarazi y'inyongera mu mutima wawe kuva wavutse. Ibi bihanga imigezi iha uburenganzira ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugenda mu mpeta, biterwa no gukubita k'umutima vuba. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ni ubwoko buzwi cyane bwa AVRT.

Atrial tachycardia ni ubwoko buke kandi buhaba iyo ahantu hamwe mu byumba byo hejuru by'umutima hagira ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi byihuse cyane. Ubwoko burigihe buhaba ku bantu bafite ibindi bibazo by'umutima cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa umutima.

Impamvu za supraventricular tachycardia ni izihe?

SVT iterwa n'inzira z'amashanyarazi zidafite akamaro mu mutima wawe wavutse uzifite. Izi nzira cyangwa imigezi y'inyongera akenshi ntiziterwa ibibazo kugeza igihe hari ikintu kibitera mu buzima.

Ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gutangiza SVT birimo:

• Kunywa ikawa cyangwa inzoga
• Umuvuduko cyangwa guhangayika
• Kubura ibitotsi cyangwa umunaniro
• Kugira amazi make
• Imiti imwe (nk'imiti y'ibicurane)
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa nicotine
• Gukora imyitozo cyangwa guhindura umwanya utunguranye
• Guhinduka kwa hormone mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa imihango

Mu bihe bidafite akamaro, ibibazo by'umutima nk'indwara y'umutima, ibibazo bya thyroid, cyangwa indwara z'ibihaha bishobora gutera SVT. Bamwe mu bantu barwara SVT nyuma yo kubagwa umutima cyangwa nk'ingaruka z'imiti imwe.

Abantu benshi barwaye SVT bafite imitima isanzwe, bivuze ko imitsi y'umutima n'amavuta akora neza. Ikibazo ni amashanyarazi gusa, nk'ugira ikibazo cy'umuyoboro mu sisitemu isanzwe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera supraventricular tachycardia?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ugira ibitotsi byihuse, cyane cyane niba bibaho kenshi cyangwa bikamara iminota irenga mike. Nubwo SVT isanzwe idatera akaga, kubona ubuvuzi bwiza bigufasha gusobanukirwa icyabaye no kumenya uburyo bwo kuyobora.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba niba ugira ibi bimenyetso mu gihe cyo gukubita k'umutima vuba:

• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa kubabara cyane mu gituza
• Guhumeka nabi cyane
• Kugwa cyangwa hafi kugwa
• Kuzenguruka bidashira
• Ibyabaye bikamara iminota irenga 30
• Ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa kw'umutima (kubyimba mu maguru, kwiyongera k'uburemere butunguranye)

Hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi niba ufite ububabare mu gituza hamwe no gukubita k'umutima vuba cyangwa niba wumva ushobora kugwa. Ibi bimenyetso, nubwo bidafite akamaro kuri SVT, bikeneye isuzuma ryihuse kugira ngo habeho gukuraho izindi ndwara zikomeye z'umutima.

Ibyago byo kurwara supraventricular tachycardia ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara SVT, nubwo abantu benshi bafite ibi bintu batagira ibyabaye. Imyaka n'igitsina bigira uruhare, SVT ikunze kugaragara bwa mbere mu bwangavu.

Ibyago bisanzwe birimo:

• Kuba umugore (abagore bafite amahirwe kabiri yo kurwara SVT)
• Imyaka iri hagati ya 12-40 ku byabaye bwa mbere
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umuvuduko w'umutima
• Guhangayika cyangwa guhangayika
• Gutwita (guhinduka kwa hormone bishobora gutera ibyabaye)
• Ibibazo bya thyroid
• Sleep apnea
• Kunywa ikawa cyangwa inzoga nyinshi

Mu bihe bidafite akamaro, ibibazo by'umutima biva ku ivuka, kubagwa umutima mbere, cyangwa indwara z'ibihaha zidakira bishobora kongera ibyago bya SVT. Ariko rero, abantu benshi barwara SVT nta ndwara y'umutima bafite kandi bahangayikishijwe n'ubuzima.

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara SVT. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago byinshi ntibagira ibyabaye, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bigaragara barwara iyi ndwara.

Ingaruka zishoboka za supraventricular tachycardia ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye SVT babayeho ubuzima busanzwe nta ngaruka zikomeye. Iyi ndwara isanzwe nta ngaruka mbi igira, bivuze ko nta gahinda itera umutima wawe cyangwa igabanya igihe cyawe cyo kubaho.

Ariko rero, ibyabaye bikunze kubaho cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera:

• Kugabanuka k'ubuzima kubera guhangayika kubera ibyabaye
• Kugira umunaniro kubera ibyabaye bisubiramo
• Mu bihe bidafite akamaro, kunanirwa kw'imitsi y'umutima niba ibyabaye bikunze kubaho kandi bikamara igihe kirekire
• Impanuka kubera gutangira gutunguranye mu gihe cyo gutwara imodoka cyangwa ibindi bikorwa
• Kujya mu bitaro by'ubutabazi n'ibiciro by'ubuvuzi

Mu bihe bidafite akamaro cyane, abantu bafite ubwoko bumwe bwa SVT (cyane cyane abafite Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'umuvuduko w'umutima. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bantu batarenze 1% barwaye SVT kandi bikunze kubaho gusa kubwo ubwoko bumwe bw'inzira zidafite akamaro.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe akenshi ziterwa n'ibibazo kurusha ingaruka zo ku mubiri. Abantu benshi bagira ubwoba bw'igihe ibyabaye bizongera kubaho, ibyo bishobora gutera ibindi bibazo kandi bikarema uruziga rw'impungenge.

Supraventricular tachycardia ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira inzira z'amashanyarazi ziterwa na SVT, ushobora kugabanya kenshi ibyabaye ugatandukanya ibyo ukorera.

Uburyo bwo kubaho bushobora gufasha gukumira ibyabaye birimo:

• Kugabanya kunywa ikawa (kawa, icyayi, ibinyobwa by'ingufu)
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Kuryama bihagije (amasaha 7-9 buri joro)
• Kuyobora umuvuduko binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka
• Kugira amazi ahagije
• Kwima itabi na nicotine
• Gusomera ibimenyetso by'imiti
• Guhindura umwanya buhoro buhoro (cyane cyane kuzuka buhoro buhoro)

Gukora siporo bisanzwe ari byiza ku buzima bw'umutima, ariko bamwe mu bantu basanga imyitozo ikomeye itera ibyabaye. Ushobora gukenera guhindura imbaraga zawe cyangwa igihe ukurikije uko ubyumva.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko nk'umwuka mwinshi, gutekereza, cyangwa yoga bishobora kugira akamaro cyane kuko umuvuduko n'ubwoba ni bimwe mu bintu bisanzwe biterwa na SVT.

Supraventricular tachycardia imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya SVT bitangira muganga wawe yumvise ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima. Ikibazo ni uko ibyabaye bikunze guhagarara igihe ugeze kwa muganga, bityo umuvuduko w'umutima wawe ukaba usanzwe mu gihe cyo gusura.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo afate ibyabaye cyangwa ashake ibimenyetso bya SVT:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) mu gihe cy'ibyabaye igaragaza umuvuduko mwinshi, usanzwe
• Holter monitor (andika umuvuduko w'umutima amasaha 24-48)
• Event monitor (yambarwa ibyumweru kugira ngo ifate ibyabaye rimwe na rimwe)
• Ibizamini byo gukora siporo kugira ngo urebe niba gukora siporo bitera SVT
• Electrophysiology study (ibizamini byihariye byo gupima sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima)

Ubuvuzi bwiza buva mu kwandika umuvuduko w'umutima wawe mu gihe cy'ibyabaye. Niyo mpamvu muganga wawe ashobora kukusaba kwambara umuyoboro iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru kugira ngo ibyabaye bibaho.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe imikorere ya thyroid cyangwa harebwe izindi ndwara zishobora gutera umuvuduko w'umutima. Echocardiogram (umuvuduko w'umutima) yemeza ko imiterere y'umutima wawe ari nziza.

Umuti wa supraventricular tachycardia ni uwuhe?

Umuti wa SVT ugamije guhagarika ibyabaye biriho no gukumira ibindi. Uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n'ukuntu kenshi ugira ibyabaye, uko bikubabaza, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Kugira ngo uhagarike ibyabaye biriho, abaganga bakunze kugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo bwa vagal. Ibi ni uburyo bworoheje buteza imbere umutima wawe wa vagus kandi bishobora rimwe na rimwe guhagarika ibyabaye bya SVT mu buryo bw'umwimerere. Uburyo bwa Valsalva (gukanda nk'aho uri gukora imyeyo) bukorera abantu benshi.

Imiti irimo:

• Adenosine (itangwa mu bitaro kugira ngo ihagarike ibyabaye byihuse)
• Beta-blockers (ikumira ibyabaye kandi igabanya umuvuduko w'umutima)
• Calcium channel blockers (ingaruka zisa na beta-blockers)
• Imiti yo kurwanya arrhythmic (ku bintu bigoye)

Ku bantu bafite ibyabaye bikunze kubaho, catheter ablation itanga amahirwe yo gukira. Ubu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo buzimye inzira z'amashanyarazi zidafite akamaro ziterwa na SVT. Ibyavuye mu bizamini ni byinshi cyane (hafi 95% ku bwoko bwinshi), kandi abantu benshi ntibagira ikindi kibazo nyuma yo gukora ablation.

Imyanzuro y'uburyo bwo kuvura iterwa n'ubuzima bwawe. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibyabaye bike, bigufi kandi bakunda kutavurwa, mu gihe abandi bafite ibyabaye bikunze kubaho bagira akamaro gakomeye mu miti cyangwa ablation.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo mu gihe cya supraventricular tachycardia ni ubuhe?

Kumenya uburyo bwo guhagarika ibyabaye bya SVT mu rugo bishobora kukugira icyizere kandi bikagabanya guhangayika kubera iyi ndwara. Ibi bintu bikora binyuze mu guteza imbere umutima wawe wa vagus, bishobora guhagarika imigezi y'amashanyarazi idafite akamaro.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura mu rugo burimo:

• Uburyo bwa Valsalva: Funga umwuka wawe kandi ukanda amasaha 10-15
• Amazi akonje mu maso cyangwa igipfunsi cy'ubukonje mu maso no mu ijosi
• Gukorora cyane inshuro nyinshi
• Carotid massage (gusa niba byakwigishijwe na muganga wawe)
• Imikino yo guhumeka
• Kuryama n'amaguru hejuru

Gahoro mu gihe cy'ibyabaye, kuko guhangayika bishobora gutuma bikamara igihe kirekire. Carara cyangwa uryama ahantu heza hanyuma ugerageze kimwe mu buryo bwa vagal. Ibyinshi mu byabaye bihagarara mu minota mike ukoresheje ubu buryo.

Andika ibyabaye, harimo ibyabiteye, igihe byamaze, n'icyo cyafashije kubyara. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura kandi akagufasha kumenya imiterere y'iyi ndwara.

Wategura gute inama yawe na muganga?

Gutegura neza inama yawe bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara kandi akagira gahunda nziza yo kuvura. Kubera ko ibyabaye bya SVT bikunze kuba bigufi kandi bidasohoka, amakuru arambuye aturuka kuri wowe ni ingenzi.

Mbere yo gusura, andika:

• Ibisobanuro birambuye by'ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe cy'ibyabaye
• Uko kenshi ibyabaye bibaho n'igihe byamaze
• Ibyabiteye ushobora kuba wabonye
• Icyafashije guhagarika ibyabaye
• Imiti yose n'ibindi ukoresha
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umutima
• Ibibazo ku ndwara yawe n'uburyo bwo kuvura

Niba bishoboka, gerageza kwandika umuvuduko wawe mu gihe cy'ibyabaye cyangwa umuntu abare amasaha 15 hanyuma abyeze na kane. Iyi porogaramu ya terefone ishobora gufasha kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima, nubwo atari ukuri buri gihe mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi cyane.

Zana urutonde rw'abaganga bose ubona n'ibizamini by'umutima wabanje wabaye ufite. Niba wagiye mu bitaro by'ubutabazi kubera ibyabaye, zana ayo makuru niba aboneka.

Icyingenzi cyo gufata kuri supraventricular tachycardia ni iki?

SVT ni indwara isanzwe y'umuvuduko w'umutima, isanzwe idatera akaga itera ibitotsi byihuse. Nubwo ibi byabaye bishobora gutera ubwoba, ntabwo bikunze gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima kandi ntibyangiza umutima wawe.

Abantu benshi barwaye SVT bashobora kuyobora iyi ndwara neza binyuze mu guhindura uburyo bwo kubaho, uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo, cyangwa imiti iyo bibaye ngombwa. Ku bantu bafite ibyabaye bikunze kubaho, catheter ablation itanga amahirwe meza yo gukira nta ngaruka.

Icyingenzi ni ugukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ugire gahunda yo kuvura iberekeye ku mimerere yawe. Ufite ubumenyi n'ubuvuzi, abantu barwaye SVT basanzwe babayeho ubuzima busanzwe, bukomeye nta mipaka.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri supraventricular tachycardia

Q.1 Supraventricular tachycardia ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, SVT ishobora kenshi gukira burundu binyuze mu buryo bwitwa catheter ablation. Ubu buryo buto bwo kuvura buzimya inzira z'amashanyarazi zidafite akamaro ziterwa na SVT, hamwe n'ibyavuye mu bizamini birenga 95% ku bwoko bwinshi. Abantu benshi ntibagira ikindi kibazo nyuma yo gukora ablation neza.

Q.2 Ni byiza gukora siporo ufite supraventricular tachycardia?

Abantu benshi barwaye SVT bashobora gukora siporo neza, nubwo ushobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe ukurikije ibyo ukorera. Bamwe mu bantu basanga imyitozo ikomeye itera ibyabaye, mu gihe abandi nta kibazo bafite. Tangira buhoro buhoro, ugire amazi ahagije, kandi uhagarare niba wumva ibyabaye bitangiye. Muganiro na muganga wawe ku byerekeye gahunda yawe yo gukora siporo.

Q.3 Gutwita bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri supraventricular tachycardia?

Gutwita bishobora kongera kenshi ibyabaye bya SVT kubera guhinduka kwa hormone, kwiyongera kw'amaraso, no guhangayikisha umutima. Ariko rero, SVT mu gihe cyo gutwita isanzwe ishobora kuyoborwa kandi ntiyangiza umwana. Muganga wawe ashobora guhindura imiti kugira ngo abe umutekano kuri wowe n'umwana wawe.

Q.4 Supraventricular tachycardia izakomeza kuba mbi uko igihe gihita?

SVT isanzwe ntigenda iba mbi uko igihe gihita cyangwa itera ibibazo by'umutima. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibyabaye bikunze kubaho uko bakuze, mu gihe abandi basanga bigenda bigabanuka. Iyi ndwara ubwayo ntigira ingaruka ku bindi bibazo bikomeye by'umutima mu bantu benshi.

Q.5 Umuvuduko gusa ushobora gutera ibyabaye bya supraventricular tachycardia?

Umuvuduko n'ubwoba ni bimwe mu bintu bisanzwe biterwa na SVT, ariko ntibitera iyi ndwara. Inzira z'amashanyarazi zidafite akamaro isanzwe ibaho kuva wavutse, kandi umuvuduko urabikora gusa. Kuyobora umuvuduko binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka, ibitotsi bihagije, n'uburyo bwo kubaho bishobora kugabanya cyane kenshi ibyabaye.