Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Bivurwa

Grippe y’ingurube ni indwara y’ubuhumekero iterwa na virusi ya H1N1 ya influenza yatangiriye mu ngurube ikwirakwira ku bantu. Iyi virusi yamenyekanye cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya 2009, ariko ubu ifatwa nk’ubwoko busanzwe bwa grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka buhora buhari buri mwaka.

Inkuru nziza ni uko grippe y’ingurube isa cyane na grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka muri iki gihe. Abantu benshi barakira neza bafashe ikaze kandi bagakira, kandi hari uburyo bwo kuvura buriho niba ubikeneye.

Ese ni iki?

Grippe y’ingurube yiswe gutya kuko yavuye mu ngurube ikaza ku bantu muri 2009. Virusi ya H1N1 itera grippe y’ingurube mu by’ukuri ni uruvange rwa virusi za grippe z’ingurube, inyoni n’abantu zavangavanze.

Uyu munsi, iyi virusi ikwirakwira mu bantu nk’uko grippe isanzwe ikora. Ntikivugana n’ingurube cyangwa ibicuruzwa byazo, ku buryo utayifata mu kurya inyama z’ingurube cyangwa kuba hafi y’ingurube.

Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) ryatangaje ko icyorezo cya grippe y’ingurube cya 2009 ari icyorezo gikomeye kuko yari virusi nshya yikwirakwira vuba ku isi hose. Kuva icyo gihe, virusi ya H1N1 yabaye igice cy’uburyo busanzwe bwa grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka.

Ibimenyetso bya Grippe y’Ingurube ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya grippe y’ingurube bisa cyane n’ibimenyetso bya grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka. Abantu benshi bagira indwara isa na grippe ushobora kuba umaze kumenya.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Umuriro, ukunze kuba mwinshi kandi ukaza imbere
• Kubabara umubiri n’imikaya
• Kubabara umutwe
• Umunaniro mwinshi cyangwa umunaniro ukabije
• Inkorora yumye
• Kubabara mu mazuru
• Amazuru arimo amazi cyangwa afunze

Bamwe bagira kandi ibibazo byo mu nda bidakunze kubaho muri grippe isanzwe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo isereri, kuruka, cyangwa guhitamo, cyane cyane mu bana.

Ibimenyetso byawe bikunze kugaragara nyuma y’iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 4 umaze kwandura virusi. Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushijeho kumererwa neza mu cyumweru kimwe, nubwo umunaniro ushobora gukomeza iminsi myinshi nyuma y’aho ibindi bimenyetso bikize.

Ese Grippe y’Ingurube iterwa n’iki?

Grippe y’ingurube iterwa na virusi ya H1N1 ya influenza A. Iyi virusi ikwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu arwaye grippe akose, agasetsa, cyangwa agavuga.

Ushobora kwandura grippe y’ingurube mu buryo butandukanye. Uburyo busanzwe ni ukwinjira mu matembabuzi ava ku muntu wanduye uri hafi yawe. Ushobora kandi kwandura ukoze ku bintu bifite virusi hanyuma ukakora ku kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu maso.

Virusi ishobora kuba ku bintu amasaha menshi, niyo mpamvu isuku y’intoki ari ingenzi cyane. Abantu barwaye grippe y’ingurube banduza abandi cyane mu minsi 3 kugeza kuri 4 ya mbere barwaye, nubwo bashobora kwanduza abandi kuva umunsi umwe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 nyuma yo kurwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Grippe y’Ingurube?

Abantu benshi barwaye grippe y’ingurube barakira mu rugo bafashe ikaze kandi bagakira. Ariko rero, ugomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ufite ibi bimenyetso:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Kuzenguruka cyangwa gucika intekerezo bikomeye
• Kurukira cyane cyangwa bikomeye
• Umuriro mwinshi udashira n’imiti igabanya umuriro
• Ibimenyetso bya grippe bikira ariko bigasubiraho hamwe n’umuriro n’inkorora ikomeye

Ugomba kandi kuvugana n’umuganga wawe hakiri kare niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibi birimo abagore batwite, abantu barengeje imyaka 65, abana bato, n’abantu bafite indwara zidakira nk’asthme, diyabete, cyangwa indwara z’umutima.

Ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu gituza, gucika intekerezo bikomeye, cyangwa niba utashobora kunywa amazi kubera kuruka.

Ibyago byo kwandura Grippe y’Ingurube ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ashobora kwandura grippe y’ingurube, ariko hari amatsinda afite ibyago byinshi byo kuyandura cyangwa kugira ingaruka mbi. Kumenya urwego rw’ibyago byawe bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura grippe y’ingurube niba:

• Utuye cyangwa ukora ahantu hahurira abantu benshi
• Uba hafi y’umuntu urwaye grippe
• Utatemwe inkingo ya grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka
• Ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Ukoresha intoki zidatogosheje ukora ku bintu byanduye kenshi

Hari amatsinda afite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye za grippe y’ingurube. Ibi birimo abagore batwite, abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 (cyane cyane abari munsi y’imyaka 2), abantu barengeje imyaka 65, n’abantu bafite indwara zidakira.

Indwara zidakira zikongera ibyago byawe harimo asthme, diyabete, indwara z’umutima, indwara z’impyiko, indwara z’umwijima, n’izindi ndwara zigabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Niba uri muri ibyo byiciro, ni ingenzi cyane ko wakwemerera inkingo ya grippe ya buri mwaka kandi ukajya kwa muganga hakiri kare niba ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Grippe y’Ingurube ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barakira grippe y’ingurube nta kibazo gisigaye. Ariko, kimwe na grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka, grippe y’ingurube rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zikomeye, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo harimo:

• Pneumonia, ishobora kuba virusi cyangwa bacteria
• Bronchite cyangwa gukomera kw’indwara z’ubuhumekero
• Indwara z’ibinyabuzima
• Indwara z’amatwi
• Kuma kubera umuriro n’amazi make

Ingaruka mbi zikomeye ntabwo ari zo zisanzwe ariko zishobora kubaho. Izo zishobora kuba harimo pneumonia ikomeye isaba kujya mu bitaro, gukomera kw’indwara zidakira nk’asthme cyangwa diyabete, cyangwa mu bihe bitoroshye, kubabara umutima, ubwonko, cyangwa imikaya.

Abagore batwite bafite ibyago byihariye, kuko grippe y’ingurube ishobora gutera ingaruka ku nda cyangwa kubyara imburagihe. Abana n’abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kandi kurwara cyane cyangwa igihe kirekire. Inkuru nziza ni uko, ubufasha bw’abaganga, ingaruka mbi zinshi zishobora kuvurwa neza.

Grippe y’Ingurube irashobora kwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda grippe y’ingurube ni ukwemerera inkingo ya grippe ya buri mwaka. Inkingo ya grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka irimo uburinzi bwa virusi ya H1N1 itera grippe y’ingurube, hamwe n’izindi virusi za grippe zisanzwe.

Imikorere yawe ya buri munsi ishobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kwanduza grippe y’ingurube:

• Koga intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune byibuze amasegonda 20
• Koresha isabune y’intoki irimo alcool niba udafite isabune
• Kwirinda gukora mu maso, mu mazuru, no mu kanwa n’intoki zidatogosheje
• Kwirinda abantu barwaye
• Gupfuka inkorora cyangwa gusetsa ukoresheje umutaka cyangwa ukuboko
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu bikoraho kenshi

Niba urwaye, ushobora gufasha kwirinda kwanduza abandi usigaye mu rugo kugeza igihe umaze iminsi 24 utagira umuriro ukoresheje imiti igabanya umuriro. Kwambara agapfukamunwa iyo ugomba kuba hafi y’abandi bishobora kandi gufasha kubarinda kwandura.

Grippe y’Ingurube imenyekana ite?

Umuganga wawe ashobora kumenya grippe y’ingurube hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe no gusuzuma umubiri wawe, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe. Ibimenyetso bisa cyane na grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka ku buryo gupima byihariye akenshi ntibikenewe mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura.

Ariko rero, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupimwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka mbi, niba uri mu bitaro, cyangwa mu ntangiriro z’icyorezo cya grippe iyo abaganga bakeneye kumenya ubwoko bwa grippe buriho.

Isuzuma risanzwe ni isuzuma ryihuta rya grippe, rishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu minota 15 ukoresheje igipimo cyo mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa. Ibizamini byo mu nama byimbitse nka RT-PCR bishobora kumenya virusi ya H1N1, ariko ibi bifata igihe kinini kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mu bihe bidasanzwe.

Wibuke ko isuzuma ridasanzwe ritasobanura ko nta grippe ufite. Ibi bipimo ntabwo ari byo byuzuye, ku buryo umuganga wawe azishingira ahanini ku bimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima kugira ngo akuyobore mu kuvura.

Uburyo bwo kuvura Grippe y’Ingurube ni buhe?

Abantu benshi barwaye grippe y’ingurube barakira bafashe ikaze mu rugo, bagashyira imbere kuruhuka, kunywa amazi, no kuvura ibimenyetso. Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi irahari ariko ikora neza iyo itangiye mu masaha 48 ya mbere ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura mu rugo bugomba kuba:

• Kuruhukira cyane kugira ngo umubiri wawe urwanye ubwandu
• Kunywamo amazi menshi kugira ngo wirinda gukama
• Gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kubabara n’umuriro
• Gukoresha humidifier cyangwa guhumeka umwuka ushyushye kugira ngo woroshye guhumeka
• Gukaraba umunwa n’amazi ashyushye n’umunyu kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare mu mazuru

Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka oseltamivir (Tamiflu) cyangwa zanamivir (Relenza) ishobora kugabanya igihe cy’uburwayi hafi y’umunsi umwe kandi ikagabanya uburemere bw’ibimenyetso. Umuganga wawe arashobora kukwandikira iyi miti niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi cyangwa niba ushaka kuvurwa hakiri kare.

Kwirinda guha abana cyangwa urubyiruko aspirine bafite ibimenyetso bya grippe, kuko bishobora gutera indwara idasanzwe ariko ikomeye yitwa Reye's syndrome. Koresha acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen ku bana aho gukoresha aspirine.

Uko wakwitaho mu rugo mugihe ufite Grippe y’Ingurube

Kwitaho mu rugo ni ingenzi mu gukira grippe y’ingurube. Umubiri wawe ukeneye umwanya n’ingufu zo kurwanya virusi, ku buryo guhanga ibidukikiro byiza byo gukira ari ingenzi.

Shyira imbere ibi bintu mu kwitaho mu rugo. Ubwa mbere, shyira imbere kuruhuka ukorera ibitotsi byinshi kandi ukirinda imirimo ikomeye kugeza igihe uzumva umeze neza. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bukorana cyane igihe uryamye, ntukagire ikimwaro cyo kumara igihe kinini mu buriri.

Komeza unywe amazi menshi unywa amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, amasupu ashyushye, cyangwa amazi afite électrolytes umunsi wose. Kwirinda inzoga na café, kuko bishobora gutera gukama. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kunywa amazi, gerageza kunywa make make aho kunywa menshi rimwe.

Vura ibimenyetso byawe mu buryo bw’umwimerere aho bishoboka. Koresha humidifier cyangwa guhumeka umwuka ushyushye uva mu rwambariro kugira ngo woroshye guhumeka. Gukaraba umunwa n’amazi ashyushye n’umunyu bishobora kugabanya ububabare mu mazuru, kandi ubuki bushobora gufasha kugabanya inkorora (ntugahe ubuki abana bari munsi y’umwaka 1).

Genzura ubushyuhe bwawe n’ibimenyetso byawe buri munsi. Andika uko wumva, ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba uri gukira cyangwa niba ukeneye ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya neza mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kubona ubufasha bukwiye ku bimenyetso bya grippe y’ingurube. Kugira amakuru y’ingenzi biteguye bishobora gutuma uruzinduko rwawe rworoshye kandi rugira umumaro.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye. Garagazamo ibintu nka umuriro wawe mwinshi, uko ingufu zawe zahindutse, n’ibimenyetso bikubabaza cyane. Iyi ngingo ifasha umuganga wawe kumenya uko uburwayi bwawe bugenda.

Tegura urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, imiti y’inyongera, n’uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo wagerageje. Nanone, zana amakuru yerekeye indwara zidakira ufite niba warahawe inkingo ya grippe y’uyu mwaka.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza umuganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo igihe ushobora gusubira ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri, ibimenyetso bikomeye ugomba kwitondera, cyangwa niba abagize umuryango wawe bakeneye kwirinda.

Niba bishoboka, shaka umuntu uzakujyana kwa muganga, kuko ushobora kuba unaniwe cyangwa ucika intekerezo. Kwambara agapfukamunwa kugira ngo urinde abandi mu kigo nderabuzima, kandi uhageze hakiri kare kugira ngo uzuze impapuro zikenewe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Grippe y’Ingurube

Grippe y’ingurube ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa kandi abantu benshi barakira neza bafashe ikaze kandi bagakira. Nubwo yateye impungenge mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya 2009, ubu ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka dushobora kwirinda dufashijwe n’inkingo za buri mwaka.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwirinda ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Kwemerera inkingo ya grippe ya buri mwaka, kugira isuku y’intoki, no gusigara mu rugo igihe urwaye bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kwanduza grippe y’ingurube.

Niba urwaye, umva umubiri wawe kandi ntutinye gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye. Abantu benshi bumva barushijeho kumererwa neza mu cyumweru kimwe, kandi ubufasha bw’abaganga, ingaruka mbi zikomeye ntabwo ari zo zisanzwe.

Wibuke ko kuba warwaye grippe y’ingurube rimwe ntibikurinda kuyirwara ukundi, kuko virusi za grippe zihinduka uko iminsi igenda.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Grippe y’Ingurube

Q.1 Ndashobora kwandura grippe y’ingurube mu kurya inyama z’ingurube cyangwa kuba hafi y’ingurube?

Oya, ntushobora kwandura grippe y’ingurube mu kurya inyama z’ingurube zitetse neza cyangwa ibicuruzwa byazo. Ntukwiye kuyandura no kuba hafi y’ingurube. Virusi ya H1N1 ubu ikwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, nk’uko grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka ikora. Izina “grippe y’ingurube” rikomoka ku ntangiriro yayo muri 2009, ariko ntikivugana n’ingurube.

Q.2 Grippe y’ingurube itera akaga kurusha grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka?

Uyu munsi, grippe y’ingurube niterwa akaga kurusha grippe isanzwe y’ibihe by’umwaka. Igihe yagaragaye bwa mbere muri 2009, yateye impungenge kurushaho kuko yari virusi nshya kandi abantu batari bafite ubudahangarwa bwayo. Ubu ibaye igice cy’ibihe by’umwaka bya grippe kandi iri mu nkingo za buri mwaka, ikora nk’izindi virusi za grippe ifite ibyago n’ingaruka bisa.

Q.3 Ndandura grippe y’ingurube igihe kingana gute?

Ubanduza abandi cyane mu minsi 3 kugeza kuri 4 ya mbere urwaye, ariko ushobora kwanduza abandi kuva umunsi umwe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 nyuma yo kurwara. Abana n’abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kwanduza abandi igihe kirekire. Ugomba gusigara mu rugo kugeza igihe umaze iminsi 24 utagira umuriro ukoresheje imiti igabanya umuriro.

Q.4 Inkingo isanzwe ya grippe ikingira grippe y’ingurube?

Yego, inkingo isanzwe ya grippe y’ibihe by’umwaka irimo uburinzi bwa virusi ya H1N1 itera grippe y’ingurube, hamwe n’izindi virusi za grippe zisanzwe zitezwe muri uwo mwaka. Niyo mpamvu kwemerera inkingo ya grippe ya buri mwaka ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda grippe y’ingurube. Inkingo ihindurwa buri mwaka kugira ngo ihuze n’ubwoko bwa virusi bushobora gukwirakwira muri uwo mwaka.

Q.5 Ndagomba gukora iki niba ntekereza ko mfite grippe y’ingurube ariko ntashobora kujya kwa muganga vuba?

Shyira imbere kwitaho mu rugo: kuruhuka cyane, kunywa amazi menshi, no gukoresha imiti yo mu maduka nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kubabara n’umuriro. Genzura ibimenyetso byawe neza kandi shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kubabara mu gituza, gucika intekerezo bikomeye, cyangwa kuruka cyane. Abaganga benshi bagira kandi uburyo bwo kuvugana kuri telefoni bushobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye kujya kwa muganga.