Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Umuti

Ese ni indwara yandura mpuzabitsina iterwa na bagiteri, ishobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe umuti ukwiye. Nubwo bishobora kuba bigoye, iyi ndwara ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni barayitsinze neza babonye ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Iyi ndwara iterwa na bagiteri ikwirakwira binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina kandi igenda itera ibindi bimenyetso iyo idakize. Inkuru nziza ni uko ese ivurwa neza na antibiyotike, kandi iyo ivuwe vuba, ushobora kwitega gukira udafite ingaruka zirambye.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ni indwara iterwa na bagiteri ifite ishusho y’umuringa yitwa Treponema pallidum. Iyi bagiteri yinjirira mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu dukombe duto cyangwa ibikomere ku ruhu cyangwa ku mumaso mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Iyi ndwara igenda itera ibindi bimenyetso, buri kimwe gifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Tekereza ko ari nk’ibice by’igitabo - buri gice gifite ibimenyetso byacyo, ariko kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kubuza inkuru kugera ku duce dukomeye.

Icyatuma ese ivurwa neza ni uko ari imwe mu ndwara zandura mpuzabitsina zirwaye cyane muri iki gihe. Iyo ivuwe neza hakoreshejwe antibiyotike, bagiteri ishobora gukurwaho burundu mu mubiri wawe.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya ese bihinduka bitewe n’icyiciro cy’indwara urimo. Abantu benshi ntibabona ibimenyetso bya mbere, niyo mpamvu gupimwa buri gihe ari ingenzi niba uri umuntu ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Dore ibyo ushobora guhura na byo muri buri cyiciro:

Ibimenyetso by’icyiciro cya mbere

Ikimenyetso cya mbere gisanzwe kigaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru 3 umaze kwandura, nubwo bishobora gutinda kuva ku minsi 10 kugeza ku minsi 90. Uzasanga ufite ikibyimba kimwe kitababaje kitwa chancre aho bagiteri yinjiye mu mubiri wawe.

• Ikibyimba cyuzuye, kitababaje (chancre) ku gitsina, ku kibuno, cyangwa mu kanwa
• Icyo kibyimba kiba gikaze kandi ntikibabaza cyangwa ntikiryaryatse
• Umuhogo w’amaraso uba hafi y’icyo kibyimba
• Icyo kibyimba kirakira ubwacyo mu byumweru 3-6, nubwo utabonye ubuvuzi

Ntugaheke kubera ko cyakiriye - indwara iracyari mu mubiri wawe nubwo icyo kibyimba cyakiriye. Niyo mpamvu gupimwa no kuvurwa bikomeza kuba ingenzi muri iki cyiciro.

Ibimenyetso by’icyiciro cya kabiri

Iyo idakize, ibimenyetso by’icyiciro cya kabiri bisanzwe bigaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-8 icyo kibyimba cya mbere cyakiriye. Iki cyiciro kigira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe wose kuko bagiteri ikwirakwira mu maraso yawe.

• Uruhu rugoramye, rwera-umukara ku kuboko n’ibirenge
• Uruhu rugoramye ku bindi bice by’umubiri bitaryaryatse
• Umuhango n’umunaniro
• Umuhogo ubabaza n’umuhogo w’amaraso
• Umusatsi ucika
• Umutwe ubabaza n’umubiri ubabaza
• Gutakaza ibiro no kutagira ubwishyu

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bito kandi bikaba byoroshye kubitiranya n’izindi ndwara. Kimwe n’icyiciro cya mbere, ibimenyetso by’icyiciro cya kabiri bizakira ubwabyo bitavuwe, ariko indwara ikomeza gutera imbere mu ibanga.

Icyiciro cy’ubushishozi

Muri iki cyiciro cyihishe, ntuzagira ibimenyetso bigaragara, ariko bagiteri isigara mu mubiri wawe. Iki cyiciro gishobora kumara imyaka, kandi urashobora gukomeza kwanduza abakunzi bawe mu gice cya mbere cy’iki cyiciro.

Nubwo wumva umeze neza, bagiteri ikomeza kwiyongera kandi ishobora gukomeretsa imyanya y’imbere y’umubiri wawe iyo idakize.

Ibimenyetso by’icyiciro cya gatatu

Iki cyiciro gikomeye gitera nyuma y’imyaka cyangwa imyaka myinshi nyuma y’uko wanduye bwa mbere mu bantu bagera kuri 15-30% batavuwe. Bagiteri ubu ishobora gukomeretsa imikorere myinshi y’umubiri wawe.

• Ibibazo by’umutima birimo gukomeretsa imiyoboro y’umutima n’imitsi minini
• Ibibazo by’ubwonko n’imikorere y’imbere (neurosyphilis)
• Ibibazo by’amaso bishobora gutera ubuhumyi
• Gutakaza kumva
• Guhinduka kw’imitekerereze harimo no gutakaza ubwenge
• Gukomeretsa amagufwa n’ingingo
• Ibibyimba binini (gummas) ku ruhu, amagufwa, cyangwa imyanya y’imbere

Nubwo ese yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu isa n’iteye ubwoba, ibuka ko ikeneye imyaka myinshi kugira ngo itere kandi irashobora kwirindwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye mu byiciro bya mbere.

Ese iterwa n’iki?

Ese iterwa na bagiteri imwe yitwa Treponema pallidum. Iyi bagiteri ishobora kubaho gusa mu mubiri w’umuntu ushyushye kandi wuzuye amazi kandi ipfa vuba iyo ihuye n’umwuka.

Iyi bagiteri ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza n’ibibyimba bya ese mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ibi birimo imibonano mpuzabitsina y’abagore, iy’abagabo, n’iy’amenyo, kuko ibibyimba bishobora kugaragara ku gitsina, ku kibuno, ku minwa, cyangwa mu kanwa.

Urashobora kandi kwandura ese binyuze mu maraso, nko gusangira ibyuma byo kwicira imiti n’umuntu ufite iyo ndwara. Abagore batwite bashobora kwanduza abana babo bataravuka, icyo bakita ese y’abana.

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko ese idakwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza bisanzwe nko gukumbatana, gusangira ibikoresho, cyangwa gukoresha ubwiherero bumwe. Bagiteri ikeneye guhuza n’ibibyimba byanduye cyangwa amazi yo mu mubiri kugira ngo ikwirakwire.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera Ese?

Ukwiye kubona umuganga vuba ubonye ibibyimba bidasanzwe, uruhu rugoramye, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ese. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukumira ingaruka.

Shaka ubuvuzi niba uhuye n’ibi bibazo:

• Ubonye ibibyimba bitababaje ku gitsina, ku kibuno, cyangwa mu kanwa
• Ubonye uruhu rugoramye, cyane cyane ku kuboko cyangwa ibirenge
• Umuntu ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nawe akubwiye ko afite ese cyangwa izindi ndwara zandura mpuzabitsina
• Uri umugore utwite kandi utarapimwa ese
• Ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu benshi cyangwa ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina itera ibyago

Ntugatege amatsiko ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa bikira ubwabyo. Ibuka ko ibimenyetso bya ese bishobora gukira bitavuwe, ariko indwara ikomeza gutera imbere ikangiza umubiri wawe.

Niba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, gupimwa indwara zandura mpuzabitsina buri gihe ni imwe mu nzira nziza zo kumenya ese hakiri kare, mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Abaganga benshi bagira inama yo gupimwa buri mwaka ku bantu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Ibyago byo kwandura Ese ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ashobora kwandura ese, ariko hari ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bigufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’igihe cyo gupimwa.

Dore ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kongera ibyago byawe:

• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (kudakoresha agakingirizo buri gihe)
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu benshi
• Kuba umugabo ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abagabo
• Kuba waranduye izindi ndwara zandura mpuzabitsina
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga mbere y’imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Guhahira imibonano mpuzabitsina amafaranga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge
• Kuba ufite umukunzi ufite ese

Uretse ibyo, hari ibindi byago bito birimo:

• Kuba mu turere dufite umubare munini w’abanduye ese
• Gusangira ibyuma byo kwicira imiti
• Kuba ufite virusi itera SIDA, ishobora gutuma urwara izindi ndwara zandura mpuzabitsina
• Kuba muri gereza, aho umubare w’abanduye indwara zandura mpuzabitsina ushobora kuba munini

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzandura ese, ariko bisobanura ko ukwiye kwitondera cyane gupimwa buri gihe no gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina. Umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibyago byawe bwite no kugutegurira gahunda yo gupimwa ikwiye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Iyo ivuwe hakiri kare, ese ntabwo itera ibibazo birambye. Ariko, iyo idakize imyaka cyangwa amezi, ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima zigira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’umubiri.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo:

• Ibibazo by’umutima birimo gukomeretsa imiyoboro y’umutima n’imitsi minini
• Neurosyphilis igira ingaruka ku bwonko n’umugongo
• Ibibazo by’amaso bishobora gutera ibibazo by’ububone cyangwa ubuhumyi
• Gutakaza kumva cyangwa ibibazo by’umubiri
• Gukomeretsa amagufwa n’ingingo
• Ibibyimba ku ruhu no gukomeretsa imyanya y’imbere

Hari ingaruka nke ariko zikomeye zishobora kubaho:

• Impindurwa z’ubwonko kubera gukomeretsa imitsi y’amaraso mu bwonko
• Gucika intege kw’umutima kubera gukomeretsa umutima bikomeye
• Imihango cyangwa ubugufi kubera neurosyphilis ikomeye
• Gutakaza ubwenge n’impinduka z’imitekerereze
• Urupfu mu bihe bikomeye bya ese yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu idakize

Ku bagore batwite, ese idakize ishobora gutera gukuramo inda, gupfa kw’umwana, cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye ku mwana wavutse. Niyo mpamvu gupimwa ese mu gihe cyo gutwita ari igice gisanzwe cyo kwita ku buzima bw’umubyeyi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko izo ngaruka zose zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw’igihe. Nubwo umaze amezi menshi ufite ese, ubuvuzi bushobora gukumira iterambere ryayo mu byiciro bikomeye.

Ese ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwiringira ese bisobanura kwirinda mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina no kumenya ubuzima bwawe bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Uburyo bwo kwirinda bukorwa neza ni bworoshye kandi buraboneka kuri buri wese.

Dore uburyo bwo kwirinda buzira umuze:

• Koresha agakingirizo ka latex cyangwa polyurethane neza muri buri mibonano mpuzabitsina
• Kugabanya umubare w’abantu ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Gupimwa indwara zandura mpuzabitsina buri gihe no kubaza abakunzi bawe amateka yabo yo gupimwa
• Kwima imibonano mpuzabitsina n’umuntu ufite ibibyimba cyangwa uruhu rugoramye
• Kudahuza ibyuma byo kwicira imiti niba ukoresha imiti iterwa
• Kuganira neza n’abakunzi bawe ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina

Kugira ngo urusheho kwirinda, gerageza ibi bintu:

• Gupimwa hamwe n’abakunzi bawe bashya mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye
• Kuba mu rukundo rw’abantu babiri gusa ufite umukunzi wapimwe nta ndwara
• Kwima kuvanga inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, kuko bishobora kuguhungabanya ubwenge
• Menya ibimenyetso bya mbere by’indwara zandura mpuzabitsina kuri wowe no ku bakunzi bawe

Ibuka ko agakingirizo kagabanya ibyago byinshi ariko ntikarinda 100%, kuko ibibyimba bya ese bishobora kugaragara ahantu agakingirizo kadakingiye. Niyo mpamvu guhuza gukoresha agakingirizo no gupimwa buri gihe no kuganira neza aribyo byiza mu kwirinda.

Ese imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya ese bisobanura gupimwa amaraso ashobora kumenya bagiteri ubwayo cyangwa uburyo umubiri wawe urwanya iyo ndwara. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi gusuzuma ibibyimba bigaragara no gufata ibipimo byo kubipima.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo ibi bice:

1. Gusuzuma umubiri ushaka ibibyimba, uruhu rugoramye, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso
2. Gupimwa amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane imiti umubiri wawe ukora kurwanya ese
3. Gusuzuma amazi yo mu bibyimba hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi idasanzwe
4. Ibindi bipimo niba bakeka neurosyphilis

Ibisubizo byo gupimwa bisanzwe bifata iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru. Muri icyo gihe cyo gutegereza, ni ingenzi kwima imibonano mpuzabitsina kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza abandi.

Ese ivurwa ite?

Ese ivurwa neza kandi byoroshye, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ni peniciline, antibiyotike ikuraho bagiteri ya ese mu mubiri wawe.

Ubuvuzi butandukanye bitewe n’icyiciro cy’indwara:

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese yo mu cyiciro cya mbere

Ku cyiciro cya mbere, icya kabiri, cyangwa icyiciro cy’ubushishozi bwa mbere (kitageze ku mwaka umwe), uzashobora guhabwa inshinge imwe ya peniciline ikora igihe kirekire yitwa benzathine penicillin G. Iyi nshinge iterwa mu gikombe kandi itanga antibiyotike igihe kirekire.

Niba ufite allergie kuri peniciline, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira antibiyotike izindi nka doxycycline, tetracycline, cyangwa azithromycin ugafata mu kanwa ibyumweru 2-4.

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese yo mu cyiciro cya nyuma

Ku cyiciro cy’ubushishozi cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu, uzakenera inshinge eshatu za benzathine penicillin G buri cyumweru. Iki kivuriro kirambuye kigaragaza ko bagiteri imaze gukurwaho n’imbere mu mubiri.

Neurosyphilis isaba ubuvuzi bukomeye bwa peniciline iterwa mu mitsi mu bitaro iminsi 10-14. Ibi bituma antibiyotike nyinshi zigera mu bwonko no mu mugongo.

Icyo ukwiye kwitega mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi

Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza mu minsi mike batangiye kuvurwa. Ariko, bishobora gutwara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo ibimenyetso byose bikire burundu, cyane cyane uruhu rugoramye cyangwa ibibyimba.

Bamwe bahura n’ingaruka z’igihe gito zikunze kwitwa Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction mu masaha 24 nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ibi bishobora kuba umuhango, gukonja, umutwe, n’umubiri ubabaza kuko umubiri wawe urwanya bagiteri ipfuye. Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe kandi bishira mu munsi umwe.

Uko wakwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese

Kwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa Ese bisobanura gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umuganga wawe neza no gufasha umubiri wawe gukira. Abantu benshi bakomeza ibikorwa byabo bisanzwe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ese neza.

Dore uko wakwitaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa:

• Fata imiti yose yatanzwe neza nk’uko byategetswe, nubwo wumva umeze neza
• Kwima imibonano mpuzabitsina kugeza umuganga wawe yemeje ko utakiri umwandu
• Kuryama bihagije kugira ngo ufashe ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya indwara
• Kunywa amazi ahagije no kurya ibiryo biringaniye kugira ngo ufashe gukira
• Kwitabira ibizamini byose byo gupima

Niba uhuye n’ingaruka za Jarisch-Herxheimer, ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza:

• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk’acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen
• Shira ibintu byakonje kugira ngo ugabanye umuriro
• Kuryama no kunywa amazi ahagije
• Hamagara umuganga wawe niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire kurusha amasaha 24

Ibukira kubwira abakunzi bawe bose baheruka kugira ngo bapimwe kandi bavurwe niba ari ngombwa. Ibi bifasha kwirinda kwandura ukundi no guhagarika ikwirakwira rya ese mu muryango wawe.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga

Kwitabira inama yawe bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kuvuga ukuri n’umuganga wawe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye, kandi ibuka ko ariho kugufasha, atari kukugaya.

Mbere y’inama yawe, kora ibi bintu:

• Urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byose wabonye n’igihe byatangiye
• Amazina n’amakuru y’abakunzi bawe baheruka
• Urutonde rw’imiti yose n’ibindi ufashe
• Amakuru y’allergie zose, cyane cyane kuri peniciline
• Amakuru y’amateka yawe y’imibonano mpuzabitsina
• Ibisubizo byose byo gupimwa indwara zandura mpuzabitsina

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza umuganga wawe, nka:

• Ubuvuzi buzamara igihe kingana iki kandi icyo nkwiye kwitega?
• Ni ryari nshobora gusubukura imibonano mpuzabitsina?
• Ngahe nkwiye gupimwa nyuma yo kuvurwa?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bigaragaza ko ubuvuzi bukora?
• Nshobora kwirinda kwandura ukundi gute?

Kuba witeguye bigufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe cy’inama kandi bigatuma uhava usobanukiwe neza ibyavuye mu bipimo byawe n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Ese

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri ese ni uko ikize burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Nubwo ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye iyo idakize, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni barayitsinze neza batagize ingaruka zirambye.

Kumenya indwara hakiri kare binyuze mu gupimwa indwara zandura mpuzabitsina buri gihe ni uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ingaruka. Niba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyane cyane n’abantu benshi, gupimwa buri gihe bikwiye kuba igice cy’ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi kimwe no gusuzuma buri mwaka.

Ntugaheke cyangwa utigize ubwoba niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba waranduye. Abaganga bamenyereye kuvura indwara zandura mpuzabitsina kandi bagamije kukuvura, atari kukugaya.

Ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubuvuzi bwo gukurikirana, ushobora kwitega gukira neza no gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugukora vuba ibimenyetso bigaragara cyangwa nyuma yo kwandura.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri Ese

Ese ushobora kwandura ese incuro nyinshi?

Yego, ushobora kwandura ese incuro nyinshi mu buzima bwawe. Kugira ese rimwe ntibikurinda kwandura ukundi. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi gukomeza kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina no gupimwa buri gihe nubwo wavuye. Buri kwandura gishya bisaba ubuvuzi bwacyo.

Ese byanga gute kugira ngo ese igaragare mu bipimo?

Ibisubizo byinshi byo gupimwa amaraso bya ese bishobora kumenya indwara mu byumweru 3-6 nyuma yo kwandura, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutinda amezi 3. Icyo gihe mbere y’uko igisubizo cyo gupimwa kigaragara cyitwa “window period.” Niba utekereza ko umaze kwandura vuba, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira gupimwa ukundi mu byumweru bike niba igisubizo cya mbere kibi.

Ese ese ishobora kwandura binyuze mu gusomana?

Yego, ese ishobora kwandura binyuze mu gusomana niba hari ibibyimba bya ese (chancres) ku minwa, ku rurimi, cyangwa hafi yaho. Ariko, ibi bintu bibaho gake kurusha kwandura binyuze mu gitsina. Bagiteri ikeneye guhuza n’ibibyimba byanduye kugira ngo ikwirakwire, bityo gusomana bisanzwe n’umuntu ufite ese ariko nta bibyimba mu kanwa nta cyago kinini gifite.

Ese byiza gutwita nyuma yo kuvurwa ese?

Yego, byiza gutwita nyuma yo kuvurwa ese neza. Umuganga wawe azashaka kwemeza ko ubuvuzi bwabaye bwiza binyuze mu bipimo byo gukurikirana mbere yo kugerageza gutwita. Iyo ukiriye, ese ntizagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwita cyangwa kubyara umwana muzima. Ariko, ukwiye gukomeza kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina kugira ngo wirinda kwandura ukundi.

Ese byaba bite niba ubuvuzi bwa ese budakora?

Kudakora kw’ubuvuzi bwa ese bituma gake, ariko bishobora kubaho rimwe na rimwe. Niba ibizamini byawe by’amaraso bitagaragaza iterambere nyuma yo kuvurwa, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira antibiyotike itandukanye cyangwa inshinge nyinshi. Rimwe na rimwe icyo basa n’uko ubuvuzi budakora ari ukwandura ukundi binyuze mu muntu utaravuwe, niyo mpamvu kuvura abakunzi bawe ari ingenzi.