Udukanyana ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Udukanyana ni ubwoko bw'udukoko tw'umwijima dushobora kuba mu mara yawe nyuma yo kurya ibiryo cyangwa amazi byanduye. Aya dukoko afite ishusho y'umupira, kandi afata ku rukuta rw'amara yawe, akaba ashobora gukura cyane, rimwe na rimwe akagera kuri metero nyinshi.

Nubwo gutekereza ko ufite udukoko mu mubiri wawe bishobora gutera ubwoba, indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana ziravuzwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti. Abantu benshi barakira neza iyo babonye ubuvuzi bukwiye ku muganga wabo.

Ibimenyetso by'udukanyana ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barwaye udukanyana nta bimenyetso bagira, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi biba bito kandi byoroshye kubipfobya nk'ibindi bibazo by'igogorwa.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe bishobora kwerekana ko ufite udukanyana:

• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa gufata mu nda, cyane cyane hafi y'inda
• Isesemi cyangwa kumva nabi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurya
• Guhinduka mu irari ryo kurya - ushobora kumva ufite inzara cyane cyangwa ukabuza irari ryo kurya rwose
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe nubwo urya uko bisanzwe
• Impiswi cyangwa guhitwa kw'amatage bikomeza iminsi myinshi
• Uruguru cyangwa kumva unaniwe kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Kubona ibice bito, byera cyangwa by'umuhondo mu matage asa n'ingano z'umuceri

Mu bihe bitoroshye, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Bamwe bavuga ko bumva hari ikintu gikora mu nda, nubwo ibi bidafata.

Kuba hari ibice by'udukoko mu matage yawe ni ikimenyetso gikomeye, nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba kubibona. Aya bice ni ibice by'udukanyana bikatwa bikanyura mu nzira y'igogorwa.

Udukanyana duhuriweho ni duhe?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukanyana bushobora kwandura abantu, kandi buri bwoko bufite imico yihariye. Ubwoko ushobora guhura nabwo biterwa cyane n'ibiryo byawe n'aho uba.

Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

• Udukanyana two mu nyama y'inka (Taenia saginata) - twandura binyuze mu kurya inyama z'inka zitatezwe neza
• Udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube (Taenia solium) - twandura binyuze mu kurya inyama z'ingurube zitatezwe neza kandi bishobora kuba bibi
• Udukanyana two mu mafi (Diphyllobothrium latum) - twandura binyuze mu kurya amafi y'amazi adakozwe neza
• Udukanyana duto (Hymenolepis nana) - duto cyane, akenshi twandura kubera isuku nke

Buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n'ingaruka zishobora kuvuka. Udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube tugomba kwitabwaho cyane kuko bishobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa cysticercosis iyo amagi yabyo akwirakwira mu bice by'umubiri wawe.

Udukanyana two mu mafi dushobora gukura cyane kandi gashobora gutera ibura rya vitamine B12 mu gihe kirekire. Udukanyana duto dukunze kugaragara mu bana kandi dushobora kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe utabonye ubundi bandura.

Ni iki giterwa n'udukanyana?

Indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana zibaho iyo utwaye amagi cyangwa udukoko tw'udukanyana binyuze mu biryo, amazi cyangwa isuku nke. Uburyo busanzwe ni ukurya inyama cyangwa amafi atatezwe neza afite aya dukoko.

Dore uburyo nyamukuru abantu bandura udukanyana:

• Kurya inyama z'inka, iz'ingurube cyangwa amafi atatezwe neza
• Kunywesha amazi yanduye, cyane cyane mu bice bafite isuku nke
• Isuku nke y'intoki, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero cyangwa gukora ku bintu byanduye
• Guhuza n'amatembabuzi y'abantu cyangwa inyamaswa banduye
• Kurya imbuto n'imboga zidatezwe mu bice aho imyanda y'abantu ikoreshwa nk'ifumbire

Uku kwandura gutangira iyo inyamaswa zirya ibiryo byanduye n'amagi y'udukanyana. Aya dukoko nyuma y'aho akura mu mitsi y'inyamaswa, akaba amasashi. Iyo urya inyama zanduye zitatezwe neza, aya masashi aramba akaba udukanyana mu mara yawe.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, ushobora kwandura udukanyana binyuze mu kwandura hagati y'abantu, cyane cyane udukanyana duto. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo umuntu urwaye adasukura intoki neza nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera udukanyana?

Ukwiye kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ubona ibice by'udukoko mu matage yawe cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso by'igogorwa bikomeza bitakira. Ubuvuzi bwihuse buhora bufite akamaro kandi bushobora gukumira ingaruka zishobora kuvuka.

Shaka ubuvuzi niba ufite:

• Ibice by'udukoko bigaragara mu matage yawe
• Kubabara mu nda bikomeza iminsi irenga mike
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe ibyumweru byinshi
• Impiswi zikomeza cyangwa guhinduka mu myitwarire y'amatage
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka bikomeye
• Ibimenyetso byo kubura intungamubiri nko kunanirwa cyangwa umunaniro

Kubibazo bikomeye, shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu nda, umuriro mwinshi, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwonko nko gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa kubabara umutwe bikomeye. Ibi bishobora kwerekana ingaruka nka cysticercosis, aho udukoko tw'udukanyana twakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Ntukagire ipfunwe ryo kuganira kuri ibi bimenyetso n'abaganga bawe. Indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana zirakwiriye kurusha uko utekereza, kandi abaganga bafite ubumenyi bwo kubimenya no kubuvura neza.

Ibyago byo kwandura udukanyana ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe byo mu buzima n'imimerere bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura udukanyana. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye kugirango wirinde.

Ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi niba:

• Ukunze kurya inyama, amafi cyangwa ibindi byo mu nyanja bitatezwe neza
• Ujyenda mu bice bafite isuku nke cyangwa amazi adakozwe neza
• Uba mu bice aho indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana zikunze kugaragara
• Ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke
• Ukorera mu mirimo ishobora kwanduza amatembabuzi
• Ufite imyifatire mibi yo gukaraba intoki
• Uba hafi y'abantu banduye

Aho uba bigira uruhare runini mu byago byo kwandura udukanyana. Udukanyana two mu mafi dukunze kugaragara mu bice aho abantu bakunda kurya amafi y'amazi adakozwe neza, mu gihe udukanyana two mu nyama y'inka n'ingurube dukunze kugaragara mu bice aho igenzura ry'inyama ridafite ireme cyangwa aho inyama zitatezwe neza.

Abantu bakunda kurya sushi, sashimi cyangwa ibindi byo mu nyanja bitatezwe neza bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura udukanyana two mu mafi. Kimwe n'abantu bakunda inyama zitetse gato, bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura udukanyana two mu nyama y'inka cyangwa ingurube.

Ingaruka zishobora kuvuka kudukanyana ni izihe?

Indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'udukanyana ni nto kandi zikira neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ariko kandi, ubwoko bumwe bushobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye niba budavuwe cyangwa niba ubwandu bukwiriye mu mara yawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kuvuka harimo:

• Kubura intungamubiri kubera udukanyana dufata intungamubiri
• Kubura vitamine B12, cyane cyane kudukanyana two mu mafi
• Kubabara mu mara niba udukoko dukomeye
• Kubabara mu mara
• Kubabara mu nda bikomeza

Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuvuka ku bwoko bumwe bw'udukanyana. Udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube bishobora gutera cysticercosis, indwara aho udukoko twakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe harimo imitsi, ubwonko, cyangwa amaso. Ibi bishobora gutera gutakaza ubwenge, ibibazo by'amaso, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'ubwonko.

Mu bihe bitoroshye cyane, udukanyana dukomeye dushobora gutera ikibazo mu mara, bikaba ngombwa kuvurwa vuba.

Udukanyana dushobora gukumirwa gute?

Gukumira indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana bisaba gukurikiza amabwiriza meza yo kurinda ibiryo no kugira isuku. Indwara nyinshi zirindwa neza hakoreshejwe ingamba zikwiye.

Dore ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda:

• Teka inyama n'amafi ku bushyuhe bukwiye (63°C ku mafi, 71°C ku nyama zometse, 63°C ku nyama z'inka n'ingurube)
• Irinde kurya inyama, amafi n'ibindi byo mu nyanja bitatezwe neza
• Kakaraba intoki neza n'amazi n'isabune, cyane cyane mbere yo kurya na nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero
• Nunywa amazi avuzwe cyangwa amazi afunze igihe uri mu rugendo
• Kakaraba imbuto n'imboga neza, cyane cyane mu bice bafite isuku nke
• Komeza amafi mu bukonje bwa -20°C byibuze amasaha 24 mbere yo kuyarya atatezwe

Igihe uri mu rugendo mu bice aho indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana zikunze kugaragara, kora ibishoboka byose kugirango wirinde ibiryo n'amazi. Koresha ibiryo bitezwe neza n'ibinyobwa bifunze igihe bishoboka.

Niba ukunda ibiryo nka sushi cyangwa sashimi, hitamo resitora zizwi neza zikurikiza amabwiriza meza yo kurinda ibiryo. Resitora nyinshi zikomeza amafi mu bukonje kugirango zice udukoko.

Udukanyana tumenyekana gute?

Kumenya indwara y'udukanyana bisanzwe bisaba gusuzuma ibice by'amatage no kuganira ku bimenyetso byawe n'abaganga bawe. Uburyo ni bworoshye kandi busanzwe butanga ibisubizo byumvikana.

Muganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe, imyifatire yawe yo kurya, n'urugendo uheruka gukora. Azashaka kumenya niba wabonye ibice by'udukoko mu matage yawe cyangwa ufite ibibazo by'igogorwa bikomeza.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo gupima harimo:

• Gusuzuma ibice by'amatage kugirango urebe amagi, udukoko, cyangwa ibice by'udukoko
• Gupima ibice by'amatage inshuro nyinshi mu minsi mike kugirango ubone ukuri
• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango urebe antijeni cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu
• Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho nka CT scan niba hari ingaruka ziteganijwe

Rimwe na rimwe, ushobora gukenera gutanga ibice by'amatage byinshi kuko udukanyana ntiduta amagi buri gihe. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima bukoresha kaseti y'umucanga ishyirwa ku kibuno kugirango ikusanye amagi.

Mu bihe aho cysticercosis ikekwako, ibizamini byo kubona ishusho by'ubwonko cyangwa ibindi bice by'umubiri bishobora kuba ngombwa kugirango urebe udukoko mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Ubuvuzi bw'udukanyana ni buhe?

Indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana zivurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yanditswe na muganga ikora neza mu gukuraho aya dukoko. Ubuvuzi busanzwe ni bworoshye kandi abantu benshi barakira neza mu byumweru bike.

Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa harimo:

• Praziquantel - ikora kudukanyana twinshi
• Albendazole - indi miti ivura udukoko
• Niclosamide - ikoreshwa cyane kudukanyana two mu mara

Muganga wawe azagena imiti ikwiye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'udukanyana ufite n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Ubuvuzi bwinshi burimo kunywa imiti iminsi runaka, akenshi hagati y'umunsi umwe na mitatu.

Imiti ikora ituma udukanyana dupfa, bigatuma bitandukana n'urukuta rw'amara yawe bikava mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu matage. Ushobora kubona ibice by'udukoko mu matage yawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, kandi ibyo ni ibisanzwe.

Gusuzuma amatage nyuma y'ubuvuzi bisanzwe bikorwa nyuma y'ibyumweru bike kugirango ube wizeye ko ubwandu bwakijijwe burundu. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ubuvuzi bwa kabiri bushobora kuba ngombwa niba ubuvuzi bwa mbere budakora neza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso murugo mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bw'udukanyana

Mu gihe uvurwa udukanyana, ushobora gufata ingamba nyinshi murugo kugirango ufashe kuvura ibimenyetso no gufasha gukira. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

Dore imwe mu ngamba zo kuvura murugo:

• Kunywa amazi menshi kugirango umubiri wawe ugume ufite amazi ahagije
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye kugogora nka tosi, umuceri, na bananes
• Kunywa probiotics kugirango ufashe gusubizaho bagiteri nziza mu mara nyuma y'ubuvuzi
• Kuryama bihagije kugirango ufashe ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kugira isuku nziza, cyane cyane gukaraba intoki
• Kumesa imyenda n'ibitanda mu mazi ashyushye kugirango wirinde kwandura ukundi

Ushobora kugira ingaruka nke ziterwa n'imiti, nko kuruka cyangwa kubabara mu nda. Kunywa imiti hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora kugabanya izi ngaruka.

Komeza ukureho ibimenyetso byawe n'impinduka ubona mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Aya makuru azaba afite akamaro ku baganga bawe mu gihe cy'ibindi bisuzumwa.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya mbere yo gusura muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gufata umwanya wo gushaka amakuru mbere bituma uruzinduko rwawe ruba rwiza kuri wowe na muganga.

Mbere yo gusura muganga, tekereza gutegura:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse
• Amakuru yerekeye urugendo uheruka gukora, cyane cyane mu bice bafite isuku nke
• Amakuru yerekeye ibiryo byawe, cyane cyane kurya inyama cyangwa amafi atatezwe neza
• Imiti cyangwa imiti y'inyongera ukoresha
• Amafoto y'ibice by'udukoko wabonye mu matage yawe (niba bishoboka)
• Ibibazo ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kwirinda

Niba bishoboka, kora igipimo cy'amatage mu gikombe cyiza kugirango ujyane nawe, ukore ibyo muganga wawe aguhaye. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kwihuta mu gupima.

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere kugirango utabyibagirwa mu gihe uri gusura muganga. Ibibazo bisanzwe bishobora kuba harimo uko wanduye, uko wirinde kwandura ukundi, n'icyo ugomba gutegereza mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

Icyo ugomba kumenya kudukanyana

Indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana, nubwo bidahimbaye kubitekerezaho, ni indwara zivurwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti igezweho. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku muganga wawe aho kugerageza kuvura indwara wenyine.

Abantu benshi barakira neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi nta ngaruka zirambye bagira. Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura udukanyana ikora neza, kandi ingaruka zikomeye ni nke iyo ubwandu buzwi kandi buvuzwe vuba.

Kwiringira ni intwaro yawe ikomeye yo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n'udukanyana. Ukoresheje amabwiriza meza yo kurinda ibiryo, kugira isuku, no kwitondera ibiryo n'amazi igihe uri mu rugendo, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Wibuke ko kwandura udukanyana ntibigaragaza isuku mibi cyangwa imyifatire mibi. Izi ndwara zishobora guhura na buri wese, kandi abaganga bafite ubumenyi bwo kugufasha gukira vuba kandi neza.

Ibibazo byakunze kubazwa kudukanyana

Udukanyana dushobora kwandura hagati y'abantu?

Indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'udukanyana ntizishobora kwandura hagati y'abantu binyuze mu guhuza bisanzwe. Ariko kandi, udukanyana duto dushobora kwandura binyuze mu nzira y'amatembabuzi niba umuntu urwaye adakoresha isuku nziza y'intoki. Udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube na byo bishobora kwandura niba umuntu anywa amagi yanduye mu ntoki cyangwa ku bintu byanduye. Ibyago ni bike iyo hari isuku nziza.

Udukanyana dushobora kuba mu mubiri wawe igihe kingana iki?

Udukanyana dushobora kuba mu mara yawe imyaka myinshi niba tudavuwe. Ubwoko bumwe bushobora kubaho imyaka mirongo, bukomeza gukura kandi bukamara amagi. Udukanyana two mu nyama y'inka busanzwe bumaho imyaka 15-20, mu gihe udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube bumaho imyaka 2-7. Udukanyana two mu mafi bushobora kubaho imyaka 10-30. Niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ngombwa iyo ubwandu bumenyekanye.

Uzumva udukoko dutose mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi?

Ntushobora kubona udukoko dutose mu gice kimwe. Imiti ituma udukoko dupfa, kandi ushobora kubona ibice byabyo mu matage yawe mu minsi mike. Rimwe na rimwe umutwe w'udukoko upfa, mu gihe ibindi bice binyura mu nzira y'igogorwa. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi bigaragaza ko ubuvuzi bukora.

Udukanyana dushobora gutera ibibazo birambye mu mara?

Udukanyana two mu mara ntabwo akenshi gutera ibibazo birambye mu nzira y'igogorwa. Abantu benshi barakira neza nyuma y'ubuvuzi nta ngaruka zirambye. Ariko kandi, udukanyana dukomeye cyangwa ubwandu bumaze igihe kinini bushobora gutera ibibazo mu mara cyangwa kubura intungamubiri. Ingaruka nka cysticercosis iterwa n'udukanyana two mu nyama y'ingurube zishobora kuba zikomeye, ariko ibyo ni bike iyo ubuvuzi buhawe vuba.

Ni byiza kurya sushi niba uhangayikishijwe n'udukanyana?

Urashobora kurya sushi neza iyo iteguwe neza mu maresitora azwi. Amafi menshi ya sushi atezwa mu bukonje cyane kugirango bicishe udukoko mbere yo kuyarya atatezwe. Ibyago byo kwandura udukanyana binyuze muri sushi iteguwe neza ni bike cyane. Niba uhangayikishijwe, ushobora kubaza uburyo resitora itegura amafi cyangwa ugahitamo ibiryo bitezwe.