Uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe kirenze kure imimerere isanzwe y'urubyiruko cyangwa agahinda k'igihe gito. Ni ikimwaro kirambye cy'agahinda, kubura ibyiringiro, no kubura inyota y'ibintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'umwangavu, imibanire ye, n'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora neza.

Iki kibazo kigira ingaruka kuri za miriyoni z'abangavu ku isi kandi gishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo bwose, kuva ku myigire yabo ku ishuri kugeza ku bucuti n'umubano wabo mu muryango. Inkuru nziza ni uko uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko burivurwa cyane, kandi hakoreshejwe ubufasha n'ubwitabire bikwiye, urubyiruko rushobora gukira no gutera imbere.

Uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni iki?

Uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe aho ikimwaro kirambye cy'agahinda, ubusa, cyangwa guhora ubabaye bikamara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Bitandukanye n'ibyishimo n'agahinda bisanzwe mu gihe cy'ubwangavu, uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko buteza igicucu kitavaho.

Mu myaka y'ubwangavu, ubwonko buracyatera, cyane cyane ibice bishinzwe kugenzura amarangamutima no gufata ibyemezo. Ibi bituma urubyiruko rworoherwa no kwiheba, cyane cyane iyo bihuriye n'umuvuduko wo mu mibanire, umunaniro wo kwiga, n'ibibazo by'ubwirinzi bisanzwe mu gihe cy'ubwangavu.

Kwiheba mu bangavu akenshi bigaragara bitandukanye n'ukuntu abakuze biheba. Mu gihe abakuze bashobora kwirukana burundu, abangavu bashobora guhora barakaye, basharira, cyangwa bakora ibikorwa by'amahano. Bashobora kugumana ubucuti bumwe na bumwe ariko bakumva ari abantu batagira icyo bakora cyangwa batagira amarangamutima.

Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni ibihe?

Kumenya uburwayi bwo kwiheba mu rubyiruko bishobora kuba bigoye kuko ibimenyetso byinshi bihuriye n'imyitwarire isanzwe y'urubyiruko. Ariko, igihe ibimenyetso byinshi bikamara ibyumweru birenga bibiri kandi bikabuza gukora neza ibya buri munsi, bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi bwo kwiheba.

Ibimenyetso by'amarangamutima n'imyitwarire ushobora kubona birimo:

• Agahinda gakomeye, ubusa, cyangwa kubura icyizere bikamara umunsi munini
• Kwihangana kurenze urugero, uburakari, cyangwa urwango ku bintu bito
• Kubura inyota yo gukora ibintu bakundaga, harimo n’imyidagaduro, imikino, cyangwa igihe bamara n’inshuti
• Impinduka zikomeye mu bwinshi bw’ibyo kurya, bigatuma bagabanya ibiro cyangwa bakazamura
• Guhora bagoramye, nko kurara cyane cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo gusinzira
• Umunaniro ukabije cyangwa kubura imbaraga, na nyuma yo kuruhuka
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwibanda, gufata ibyemezo, cyangwa kwibuka ibintu
• Kumva ko nta gaciro bafite cyangwa kwicuza cyane ku bintu batagira uruhare
• Ibibazo by’umubiri nko kubabara umutwe cyangwa igifu nta mpamvu isobanutse y’ubuvuzi
• Guhora batekereza ku rupfu cyangwa kwiyahura, cyangwa kuvuga ko bifuza gupfa

Ibibazo byo mu ishuri n’imibanire n’abandi bantu bikunze kugaragara ku barimu n’ababyeyi. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo amanota agabanuka, gusiba ishuri kenshi, kwirukana mu bikorwa by’umuryango, cyangwa gutakaza ubucuti bwa hafi.

Mu bindi bihe, abangavu bashobora kugaragaza icyo bita “ihungabana rihishe”, aho bagaragara neza ku mugaragaro ariko bakora ibikorwa by’uburangare nko gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, gutwara imodoka mu buryo buteje akaga, cyangwa kwibabaza. Ibyo bikorwa bikunze kuba uburyo bwo guhangana n’ububabare bukomeye bw’amarangamutima.

Ni izihe njya z’ihungabana mu rubyiruko?

Ihungabana mu rubyiruko rishobora kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye, buri bwo bufite imico yabwo n’uburyo bwo kuvura. Gusobanukirwa izi njya bishobora kugufasha kumenya neza ibyo umwana wawe ashobora kuba anyuramo.

Indwara y’ihungabana rikomeye ni yo yiganje, irangwa n’ibimenyetso biramba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya buri munsi. Abangavu bafite iyi ndwara bagaragaza byinshi mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru byibuze ibyumweru bibiri, kandi ibyo bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku ishuri, imibanire n’abandi, n’ibindi bikorwa by’ingenzi.

Indwara yo kwiheba idakira, izwi kandi nka dysthymia, igira ibimenyetso bidakomeye ariko biba igihe kirekire. Nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bidakomeye nk’ibyo mu kwiheba gukomeye, biba byibuze umwaka wose mu bangavu kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yabo no gukura kwabo.

Indwara yo kwiheba iterwa n’ibihe by’umwaka igira ingaruka kuri bamwe mu bangavu mu bihe runaka by’umwaka, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’igugu n’ubukonje aho amasaha y’izuba aba ari macye. Aba bangavu bashobora kumva kwiheba cyane, gusinzira cyane, no kwifuza ibiryo birimo isukari nyinshi muri aya mezi y’umwijima.

Indwara ya Bipolar mu bangavu igira ibihe byo kwiheba bivanze n’ibihe byo kwishima cyane cyangwa hypomania. Mu gihe cy’ibyishimo bikabije, abangavu bashobora kugira ibyishimo byinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, imyitwarire mibi, no kugabanyuka kw’akanya ko gusinzira. Iyi ndwara isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye no kugenzurwa neza.

Ni iki gituma abangavu kwiheba?

Kwiheba mu bangavu ntabwo bikunze kuba bifite impamvu imwe gusa ahubwo bituruka ku iterambere ry’ibintu byinshi birimo iby’umubiri, ibyo mu mutwe, n’ibyo mu mimerere. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugabanya ipfunwe no kuyobora uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ibintu by’umubiri bigira uruhare runini mu kwiheba mu bangavu. Uburanga bugira uruhare runini, aho abangavu bafite ibyago byinshi iyo bafite abagize umuryango bafite kwiheba cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Ubusemburwa bw’imisemburo mu bwonko, cyane cyane ibyo mu bwonko nk’iserotocine na dopamine, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugenzura amarangamutima.

Impinduka z’imisemburo mu gihe cy’ubwangavu zishobora gutera cyangwa kurushaho kubije kwiheba mu bangavu bafite intege nke. Impinduka zikomeye z’umubiri n’amarangamutima mu gihe cy’ubwangavu, hamwe n’imiterere y’ubwonko ikura, bihura hamwe bigatuma indwara zo mu mutwe zigaragara.

Ibintu by’ibidukikije n’iby’imibanire bikunze kuba intandaro yo kwiheba mu bangavu bafite ubushobozi bwo kubirwara. Ibyo bishobora kuba:

• Umuvuduko w’amarangamutima uhoraho uterwa n’umuvuduko wo kwiga, imbuga nkoranyambaga, cyangwa imibanire n’abandi
• Ibintu byababaje nk’ihohoterwa, kwirengagizwa, cyangwa kubona ihohoterwa
• Impinduka zikomeye mu buzima nko kwimuka, ababyeyi gutandukana, cyangwa urupfu rw’umuntu ukundwa
• Gutotezwa cyangwa kwandikwa nabi, haba mu buryo bw’umubiri cyangwa kuri internet
• Indwara zidakira cyangwa ubumuga bwo kwiga
• Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, bishobora gutera kandi bikarushaho kubaza indwara ya Depresyon
• Kubura ibitotsi kubera gahunda zirushaho guhagarara cyangwa ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga

Ibintu byo mu mutwe na byo bigira uruhare mu ndwara ya Depresyon mu rubyiruko. Abangavu n’abahungu bafite icyizere gito, imico yo gushaka ubutungane, cyangwa imitekerereze mibi barushaho kwibasirwa. Abagira ikibazo cyo guhangana n’umuvuduko cyangwa badafite uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ikoreshwa ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga n’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’urubyiruko mu buryo butandukanye. Nubwo izi mbuga zishobora gutanga ubufasha n’ubufasha, zishobora kandi gutera ugereranywa, gutotezwa kuri internet, no kubura ibitotsi, byose bishobora kongera ibyago bya Depresyon.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Depresyon mu rubyiruko?

Kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga kubera Depresyon mu rubyiruko bishobora kuba bigoye, cyane cyane ko amarangamutima y’abangavu n’abahungu ahinduka mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko gusuzuma no kuvura umwuga ari ngombwa.

Ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba umwana wawe avuga ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, kwibabaza, cyangwa kubabaza abandi. Icyo ari cyo cyose kivuga urupfu, gupfa, cyangwa gushaka guhita kigomba gufatwa nk’ikintu gikomeye kandi kigakemurwa ako kanya hamagara serivisi z’ubutabazi cyangwa umurongo wa telefoni ufasha mu bihe bikaze.

Tegura gahunda yo kubonana na muganga w’umwana wawe cyangwa umwuga wo kuvura mu mutwe niba ibimenyetso bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri kandi bikabangamira imikorere ya buri munsi. Ibi birimo kugabanuka kw’umusaruro w’ishuri, kwikura mu muryango n’inshuti, cyangwa kudakora ibikorwa wakundaga mbere.

Ibindi bimenyetso bibangamira bikenewe ubufasha bw’umwuga birimo guhinduka cyane mu buryo bwo kurya cyangwa gusinzira, kugaragaza ibibazo by’umubiri kenshi bitagira impamvu y’ubuvuzi, kwiyongera kw’imyitwarire yo kwishyira mu kaga, cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Niba umwana wawe w’ingimbi asa n’udashobora guhangana n’ibibazo bya buri munsi cyangwa yahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye, ubufasha bw’umwuga bushobora kugira akamaro gakomeye.

Ntugatege amatsiko kugira ngo ubone ubufasha. Kugira icyo ukora hakiri kare kenshi biyobora ku musaruro mwiza kandi bishobora kubuza ihungabana ry’agahinda kurimbuka cyangwa rikaba ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ihungabana ry’agahinda mu rubyiruko?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe y’umuntu w’ingimbi yo kugira ihungabana ry’agahinda. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora gufasha ababyeyi, abarimu, n’abakiri bato ubwabo kumenya igihe ubufasha bwihariye bushobora kuba bukenewe.

Amateka y’umuryango ni imwe mu bintu bikomeye byongera ibyago byo kugira ihungabana ry’agahinda mu rubyiruko. Abangavu bafite ababyeyi, abavandimwe, cyangwa abandi bantu ba hafi babaye bafite ihungabana ry’agahinda, imihangayiko, cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ihungabana ry’agahinda.

> Imimerere bwite ishobora kongera ibyago irimo:

• Kuba umukobwa, kuko abakobwa b’abangavu bafite amahirwe abiri yo kugira ihungabana ry’agahinda ugereranyije n’abahungu
• Kugira indwara y’umubiri idakira nka diyabete, asma, cyangwa indwara y’umwijima
• Ubumuga bwo kwiga cyangwa ibibazo byo kutamenya kwibanda bigira ingaruka ku myigire
• Ibihe byashize by’ihungabana ry’agahinda cyangwa ibibazo byo guhangayika
• Ubwizerwa buke cyangwa isura mbi
• Guharanira uburanga cyangwa kugira uburibwe bwinshi ku bitekerezo by’abantu

Ibyago byo mu mimerere n’imibanire myiza bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umuntu w’ingimbi. Ibi birimo guhura n’ihohoterwa cyangwa ibikomere, imimerere y’umuryango idashira, umunaniro w’amafaranga, cyangwa kubura ubufasha mu mibanire. Abangavu bahura n’ivangura rishingiye ku ruhando, imyemerere y’igitsina, cyangwa igitsina bafite ibyago byiyongereye.

Umuvuduko w’amasomo n’imibanire mu isi y’ubu ushobora gutera ihungabana. Abanyeshuri bagira amanota meza cyane bashobora guhura n’umuvuduko ukomeye wo kugumana amanota meza, mu gihe abagorwa n’amasomo bashobora kumva nta cyizere bafite ku bijyanye n’ahazaza habo.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira ibintu bishobora gutera ihungabana ntibivuze ko umwangavu azaryibasirwa. Abangavu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ihungabana ntibarwara ihungabana, mu gihe abandi bafite ibibazo bike bigaragara bararyibasirwa.

Ibibazo bishoboka by’ihungabana mu bangavu?

Ihungabana mu bangavu rishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’ubuzima bw’umuntu muto. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishoboka bigaragaza akamaro ko kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura.

Ibibazo by’amasomo bikunze kuvuka kuko ihungabana rigira ingaruka ku bwenge, kwibuka, n’ishishikari. Abangavu bashobora kugira amanota agabanuka, bataboneka cyane ku ishuri, cyangwa bagahura n’ikibazo cyo kurangiza imirimo yabo. Ibyo bibazo by’amasomo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwinjira muri kaminuza no ku mirimo.

Ibibazo by’imibanire n’umubano bikunze kuvuka kuko ihungabana ritera abangavu kwirukana inshuti n’umuryango. Bashobora gutakaza ubucuti bw’ingenzi, guhangayikishwa n’imibanire y’urukundo, cyangwa kwigira kure y’itsinda ry’abantu bagenzi babo mu myaka y’iterambere ikomeye.

Ibibazo bikomeye cyane bijyanye no kwangiza umubiri no kwiyahura. Ihungabana ni kimwe mu bintu byatera kwiyahura mu bangavu, bityo kuvurwa n’umwuga biba ari ngombwa. Bamwe mu bangavu bashobora kwibabaza, gutwika, cyangwa gukora ibindi bintu byo kwangiza umubiri nk’uburyo bwo guhangana n’ububabare bw’amarangamutima.

Ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bikunze kuvuka kuko abangavu bagerageza kwivura ihungabana ryabo bakoresheje inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Ibi bishobora gutera ubumwe bw’ibiyobyabwenge kandi bikarushaho kubije ibimenyetso by’ihungabana, bigatuma habaho ikibazo gikomeye cyane kigoye gukemura.

Ingaruka ku buzima bw’umubiri zishobora kuba harimo guhindagurika k’amasu, guhinduka mu irari n’uburemere bw’umubiri, gukendera k’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri, ndetse n’izindi ndwara zidakira vuba mu myaka y’ubukure. Ihangayika rishobora kandi kurushaho kuremerera ibibazo by’ubuzima byari bisanzweho.

Ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu mutwe mu gihe kirekire zishobora kubaho niba ihangayika ry’umwangavu ritavuwe. Ibi birimo ibyago byinshi byo kugira ihangayika mu bukure, ibibazo by’umutimanama, n’ibindi bibazo byo mu mutwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kazi, imibanire, n’imibereho myiza muri rusange.

Ni gute ihangayika ry’umwangavu ryakwirindwa?

Nubwo atari ibibazo byose by’ihangayika ry’umwangavu bishobora kwirindwa, hari ingamba nyinshi zishobora kugabanya ibyago no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe mu myaka y’ubwangavu ikomeye. Uburyo bwo kwirinda bugira akamaro cyane iyo bufatanije imiryango, amashuri, n’abaturage.

Kubaka imibanire ikomeye kandi ishyigikira ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye birinda ihangayika ry’umwangavu. Abangavu bumva bafitanye isano n’abagize umuryango, abarimu, cyangwa abandi bakuru babitaho, barushaho kwihangana iyo bahanganye n’ibibazo n’umunaniro.

Kwigisha ubuhanga bwo guhangana hakiri kare bishobora gufasha abangavu guhangana n’umunaniro n’ibyiyumvo bigoye neza. Ibi birimo ubuhanga bwo gukemura ibibazo, ingamba zo guhangana n’umunaniro, imyitozo yo kwibuka, n’uburyo bwiza bwo kugaragaza ibyiyumvo.

Guteza imbere imyifatire myiza y’ubuzima bw’umubiri bishyigikira ubuzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe. Imikino ngororamubiri, ibitotsi bihagije, indyo yuzuye, no kugabanya igihe cyo kureba amashusho byose bigira uruhare mu kuringaniza ibyiyumvo no kugira imibereho myiza muri rusange.

Kurema ibidukikije bishigikira mu rugo no mu ishuri bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umwangavu. Ibi birimo:

• Kugumanaho itumanaho ryiza no kuganira buri gihe ku byiyumvo n’ibyaranze ubuzima bwabo
• Kugira intego zishyize mu gaciro no kwishimira imihati, atari ibyagezweho gusa
• Kwita ku ihohoterwa n’ivangura mu buryo bwihuse kandi bufatika
• Kwigisha ubumenyi bw’itangazamakuru kugira ngo abangavu babashe gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu mutekano
• Gutanga amahirwe yo kwitabira ibikorwa bifatika n’umurimo rusange

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ya Depresyon bishobora kuyikumira cyangwa kuyigabanya. Ibi birimo kwita ku bibazo byo kwiga, kuvura izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, no gutanga ubufasha mu gihe cy’impinduka zikomeye mu buzima cyangwa ibyabaye bikomerekeje.

Uburyo Depresyon mu Bangavu Imenyekanishwa?

Kumenya Depresyon mu bangavu bisaba isuzuma rirambuye rikorwa n’umuhanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umuganga. Nta kizami kimwe cyo gupima Depresyon gihari, bityo kumenya iyi ndwara bishingira ku isuzuma ry’ibimenyetso, amateka y’ubuzima, n’imikorere.

Uburyo bwo kumenya iyi ndwara busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe ikiganiro kirambuye aho umuvuzi abaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso biriho, igihe byatangiye, ubukana bwabyo, n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Azareba kandi amateka y’indwara zo mu mutwe mu muryango n’ibintu byose bishobora kuba byarateye iyi ndwara cyangwa ibyabaye bikomeye.

Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe bakoresha ibipimo byihariye bivuye muri Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) kugira ngo bamenye Depresyon. Ku ndwara ya Depresyon ikomeye, umwangavu agomba kugira nibura ibimenyetso bitanu byihariye mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri, nibura kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso kikaba ububabare buhoraho cyangwa kubura ubushake mu bikorwa.

Isuzuma ry’umubiri n’ibizamini bya laboratwari bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo habeho gukuraho indwara z’umubiri zishobora kugaragara nk’ibimenyetso bya Depresyon. Ibibazo by’umwijima, ikibazo cy’amaraso make, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’umubiri rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n’ibya Depresyon.

Umuforomokazi azasuzumana kandi izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe zikunze kugaragara hamwe na depression, nka anxiety disorders, attention deficit disorder, cyangwa eating disorders. Ubu buryo burambuye bwo kuvura bwo bufasha kumenya no kuvura ibintu byose byagize uruhare.

Kugira amakuru aturuka ku babyeyi, abarimu, cyangwa abandi bantu bakomeye mu buzima bw’umwana, bifasha kubona ishusho yuzuye y’uburyo ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’imikorere. Ubu buryo bwo gufatanya butuma hamenyekana neza indwara kandi hakabaho igenamigambi ryiza ryo kuvura.

Ni iki kivura depression mu rubyiruko?

Depression mu rubyiruko ivurwa cyane, kandi abana benshi bagaragaza iterambere rihambaye bafashijwe neza. Gahunda zo kuvura zihengamana uko ibimenyetso bikomeye, uko umwana abishaka, n’imimerere y’umuryango.

Psychotherapy, izwi kandi nka talk therapy, ikunze kuba uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura depression mu rubyiruko. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) ifite akamaro cyane, ifasha abangavu kumenya no guhindura imitekerereze mibi no kubaka ubushobozi bwo kwirinda. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwiga ubuhanga bw’ingirakamaro bwo gucunga amarangamutima agoye no gukemura ibibazo.

Interpersonal therapy (IPT) ishingira ku kunoza imibanire n’ubushobozi bwo gutumanaho, ibyo bikaba byagirira akamaro cyane abangavu bahabwa depression kubera ibibazo by’imibanire cyangwa amakimbirane yo mu muryango. Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango bushobora kandi kugira akamaro iyo imibanire yo mu muryango igira uruhare cyangwa igira ingaruka kuri depression y’umwana.

Imiti ishobora gusabwa kuvura depression yo hagati cyangwa ikomeye cyangwa iyo uburyo bwo kuvura bwonyine budahagije. Imiti yo kuvura depression ishobora gufasha gutunganya imisemburo mu bwonko no kugabanya ibimenyetso. Ariko kandi, ikoreshwa ry’imiti mu rubyiruko risaba kugenzurwa neza, kuko imiti imwe yo kuvura depression ishobora gutera izindi ngaruka mbi mu rubyiruko.

Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura ihungabana mu bangavu harimo imiti igabanya imikorere ya serotonin (SSRIs) nka fluoxetine (Prozac) cyangwa sertraline (Zoloft). Iyi miti isanzwe itwara ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo igaragaze ingaruka zayo zuzuye kandi isaba kujya kwa muganga buri gihe kugira ngo hagenzurwe uko ikora n’ingaruka mbi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura buhuza ubuvuzi n’imiti akenshi butanga umusaruro mwiza ku bangavu bafite ihungabana rireremba cyangwa rikomeye. Ubuvuzi bufasha guteza imbere ubuhanga bwo guhangana mu gihe imiti ikemura ibibazo by’ihungabana mu mubiri.

Mu bihe bikomeye aho abangavu baba bafite ibyago byo kwibabaza cyangwa kwangiza abandi, kuba mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo umutekano wabo ubungabungwe mu gihe batangiye kuvurwa cyane. Gukorera mu bitaro igice cy’igihe cyangwa gahunda zo kuvurirwa hanze zituma abangavu bagira ubufasha buhamye mu gihe bakomeza kuba mu rugo.

Nigute wakwita ku mwana ufite ihungabana mu rugo?

Nubwo kuvurwa n’inzobere ari ingenzi mu ihungabana ry’abangavu, inkunga y’umuryango n’ingamba zishingiye mu rugo zigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira. Kurema ibidukikije byo mu rugo bishimangira ubufasha bishobora kongera ingaruka nziza z’ubuvuzi bw’inzobere.

Kugira ikiganiro gifunguye, kidacira urubanza ni ingenzi mu gufasha umwangavu ufite ihungabana. Tega amatwi neza igihe ashaka kuvuga, wirinde kugerageza “gukemura” ibibazo bye ako kanya, kandi yemeza ko ibyiyumvo bye ari byo nubwo utabyumva neza.

Gushyiraho gahunda za buri munsi bishobora gutanga imiterere n’umutekano benshi mu bangavu bafite ihungabana babona ko ari ingirakamaro. Ibi birimo amasaha yo kurya, gahunda yo kuryama, n’ibikorwa by’umuryango bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa igitutu.

Gutera inkunga imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kongera umunezero n’ingufu mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Ibi ntibisaba imyitozo ikomeye cyane - no kugenda gito, kubyina umuziki, cyangwa yoga yoroheje bishobora kugira akamaro. Icyingenzi ni ukubona ibikorwa umwangavu akunda aho kumukingira imyitozo ngororamubiri iteguwe.

Ubufasha mu myitwarire myiza y’ubuzima bugira uruhare mu gukira kw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe muri rusange:

• Kugira umutekano uhagije wo kuryama no kugabanya igihe cyo kureba amashusho mbere yo kuryama no gutegura umuhango wo kuryama utuje
• Gutanga amafunguro n’ibicuruzwa biryohereye, kuko kwiheba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwinshi bw’ibyo kurya n’imikorere yabyo
• Kugabanya caffeine no kwirinda inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge
• Gutera inkunga igihe cyo kuba hanze no kwerekana umucyo w’izuba
• Gufasha kubungabunga imibanire myiza n’inshuti n’abantu bo mu muryango bashyigikira

Kurema ahantu ho mu rugo hatuje, hatagira umuvundo, bishobora kugabanya ibintu bishobora kongera kwiheba. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kugabanya umuvundo w’ishuri by’agateganyo, kugabanya amakimbirane yo mu muryango, cyangwa guhindura ibyitezwe ku bijyanye n’inshingano zo mu rugo.

Birakomeye gukurikirana ibimenyetso byo kwiheba cyane cyangwa ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura mugihe utanga ubufasha. Menya ibimenyetso byo kwirinda kandi ufite gahunda isobanutse yo gushaka ubufasha bw’ihutirwa niba bibaye ngombwa.

Wagomba Gutegura Gute Umuhango wawe w’Ubuganga?

Gutegura umuhango w’umuganga ku bijyanye n’agahinda k’urubyiruko bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ubone inyungu nyinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi utange amakuru abaganga bakeneye kugira ngo bakore isuzuma nyayo n’ibyifuzo byo kuvura.

Mbere y’umuhango, igihe cyo kwandika ibimenyetso by’umwangavu wawe, harimo igihe byatangiye, uko kenshi bibaho, n’uko bigaragara ko bikomeye. Komereza kuri raporo ngufi ya buri munsi y’imimerere, imikorere yo kuryama, impinduka z’ibyo kurya, n’imyitwarire ibabaje byibuze icyumweru mbere y’uruzinduko.

Kora ubushakashatsi ku mateka y’umuryango n’ubuzima bw’umuntu, harimo n’abavandimwe bafite ibibazo byo kwiheba, guhangayika cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Nanone, andika imiti umwana wawe ukiri ingimbi afata ubu, harimo n’imiti igurwa mu maduka, kuko rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mimerere y’umutima.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo byihariye ushaka kubaza mu gihe cy’isura. Ibi bishobora kuba ibibazo bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kuvura, icyo kwitega mu gihe cyo gukira, uburyo bwo gufasha umwana wawe mu rugo, n’igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bundi.

Tekereza kuzana ibitekerezo by’umwana wawe mu nama niba yishimiye kubisangiza. Ashobora kwifuza kwandika ibitekerezo bye ku bimenyetso bye, icyabimuteye, cyangwa icyo atekereza gishobora gufasha.

Zana amakuru yose yerekeye ishuri, nka raporo z’amanota zigaragaza amanota ari kugabanuka cyangwa inyandiko z’abarimu ku mpinduka mu myitwarire. Aya makuru afasha abaganga kumenya uko kwiheba bigira ingaruka ku mibereho ya buri munsi y’umwana wawe.

Tegura kuganira ku byifuzo by’umuryango wawe ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kuvura, impungenge zose ku bijyanye n’imiti, n’ibibazo by’ingufu nko gutanga ubwisungane cyangwa ibibazo by’igihe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi.

Ni iki cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya ku bijyanye no kwiheba mu rubyiruko?

Kwiheba mu rubyiruko ni ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ariko gishobora kuvurwa, gikora ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni y’urubyiruko ku isi hose. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwiheba atari amakosa y’umwana wawe, cyangwa atari ikimenyetso cy’intege nke cyangwa uburere bubi.

Kumenya hakiri kare no gutabara birashobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bizava. Niba ubona impinduka zirambye mu mimerere y’umutima, imyitwarire, cyangwa imikorere y’umwana wawe bikamara ibyumweru birenga bibiri, ntutinye gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga. Ababyeyi benshi bahangayikishwa no kurenza urugero, ariko buri gihe ni byiza gukora amakosa mu ruhande rw’ubwitonzi iyo bigeze ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.

Kuvura ihungabana mu rubyiruko si ukubura icyizere gusa ahubwo birashoboka kandi bikaba bisanzwe, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubufasha. Abangavu n’abahungu benshi babona ubuvuzi bukwiye bagaragaza iterambere rigaragara mu bimenyetso byabo kandi bakabaho ubuzima bwiza kandi buhamye.

Uruhare rwawe nk’umubyeyi cyangwa umurinzi ni ingenzi mu gufasha umwana wawe gukira. Ibi bisobanura gutanga urukundo n’ubufasha bidasanzwe, gukurikiza inama z’abaganga, no kugumana icyizere nubwo hari ibihe bigoye.

Wibuke ko gukira atari uburyo bumwe. Bishobora kubaho igihombo n’iminsi igoye, ariko ufite kwihangana, ubufasha bw’inzobere, n’ubwitabire bw’umuryango, abangavu n’abahungu barashobora kandi barakira ihungabana kugira ngo bagire iterambere mu buzima bwabo bw’abakuze.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Bijyanye n’Ihungabana mu Rubyiruko

Q1: Nshobora kumenya ikihe kintu gitandukanya uburakari busanzwe bw’urubyiruko n’ihungabana?

Impinduka z’amarangamutima zisanzwe mu rubyiruko zikunda kuba ngufi kandi ntizibangamira imikorere ya buri munsi. Bashobora kuba babi iminsi umwe cyangwa ibiri ariko bagakomeza kwitabira ibikorwa bakunda kandi bagakomeza ubucuti. Ihungabana ririmo ibimenyetso biramba byibuze ibyumweru bibiri bigatinda kwiga, ubucuti, umubano w’umuryango, n’ibikorwa bakundaga gukora.

Witondere uburemere, igihe, n’ingaruka z’impinduka z’amarangamutima. Niba umwana wawe asa n’umuntu uhora afite agahinda, adafite icyizere, cyangwa arakaye ibyumweru, atakaza inyota y’ibintu yakundaga, cyangwa agaragaza impinduka zikomeye mu gusinzira, mu kurya, cyangwa mu myigire, ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’ihungabana aho kuba impinduka zisanzwe z’urubyiruko.

Q2: Ihungabana mu rubyiruko rishobora gushira ubwaryo ritavuwe?

Nubwo ibimenyetso bimwe byo kwiheba gito bishobora kwikira, kwiheba mu rubyiruko bisaba ubuvuzi bw’umwuga kugira ngo bikire burundu kandi birinde gusubira. Utabonye ubuvuzi, kwiheba kenshi kubiye cyane uko iminsi igenda ishira, bikaba byatuma habaho ingaruka zikomeye zirimo gutsindwa kw’ishuri, ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, no kwiyahura.

Ndetse n’iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara nk’aho bigabanuka by’agateganyo, kwiheba kutavuzwe kenshi gusubira, kandi bikaba biremereye kurushaho buri gihe. Ubuvuzi bw’umwuga ntibuvuza gusa ibimenyetso biriho, ahubwo bunigisha ubuhanga bw’ingenzi bwo guhangana bufasha kwirinda ibindi bihe, no kunoza ubudahangarwa bwo mu mutwe muri rusange.

Q3: Ese imiti yo kuvura kwiheba ikora ku rubyiruko ite?

Imiti yo kuvura kwiheba ishobora kuba ikora kandi ikaba ifite akamaro ku rubyiruko iyo itangwa kandi ikagenzurwa neza n’abaganga babifitiye uburenganzira. FDA yemeje imiti imwe yo kuvura kwiheba ikoreshwa ku rubyiruko, fluoxetine (Prozac) ikaba ari yo yiga cyane kandi ikaba ari yo ikoreshwa cyane.

Ariko kandi, imiti yo kuvura kwiheba ifite ibyago bimwe ku rubyiruko, harimo n’uburyo buke bwo kwiyongera kw’ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura mu byumweru bike bya mbere byo kuvurwa. Niyo mpamvu igenzura rya hafi ry’abaganga n’abagize umuryango ari ingenzi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ivuriro rya mbere. Akamaro ko kuvura kwiheba gikaze gasanzwe kuruta ibyo byago iyo imiti ikoreshwa uko bikwiye.

Q4: Igihe kingana iki kivuriro cyo kwiheba mu rubyiruko gikora?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n’uburyo bwo kuvura n’ibintu by’umuntu ku giti cye. Mu buvuzi, abana benshi batangira kubona impinduka mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 4-6, nubwo impinduka ikomeye isaba amezi 3-6 yo kuvurwa buri gihe. Imiti yo kuvura kwiheba isanzwe imara ibyumweru 4-8 kugira ngo igaragaze ingaruka zayo zose.

Ni ingenzi gusobanukirwa ko gukira ari buhoro buhoro kandi akenshi bidakurikira umurongo umwe. Hashobora kubaho iminsi myiza n’iminsi mibi, kandi gusubira inyuma ntibisobanura ko ubuvuzi budakora. Kugendera ku byo muganga bagutegeka gukora no kwihangana mu gihe cyo gukira ni byo by’ingenzi kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire.

Q5: Ndakora iki niba umwana wanjye w’ingimbi yanga gushaka ubufasha kubera kwiheba?

Uruhare rw’ingimbi mu kwirinda ubuvuzi rusanzwe kandi rusobanutse, kuko zishobora kumva zifite ipfunwe, zititinya, cyangwa zizera ko gushaka ubufasha bisobanura ko hari ikibazo “kibi” kuri zo. Tangira uganire na we ubanza utagira uruhare, uvuga ibyo ukora, kandi wumve icyo abona ku mpamvu adashaka ubufasha.

Ushobora gukoresha umuntu mukuru wizewe nka mwalimu akunda, umutoza, cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango ufite umubano mwiza n’umwana wawe w’ingimbi. Rimwe na rimwe kumva impungenge zivuye ku bantu bakuru benshi babitaho bishobora kubafasha kumenya ko bakeneye ubufasha. Niba umwana wawe w’ingimbi ari mu kaga gakomeye ko kwibabaza, ntutinye gushaka ubufasha bwihuse utabanje kumubaza, kuko umutekano ugomba kuba ari wo wambere.