Tetanus

Tetanusi ni indwara ikomeye y'ubwonko iterwa na bagiteri ikora uburozi. Iyo ndwara itera imikururano y'imikaya, cyane cyane imikaya yo mu menyo no mu ijosi. Tetanusi izwi cyane nka lockjaw.

Ingaruka zikomeye za tetanusi zishobora guhitana umuntu. Nta muti uwo ari wo wose wa tetanusi. Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku gukurikirana ibimenyetso n'ingaruka kugeza igihe ingaruka z'uburozi bwa tetanusi zikize.

Kubera ikoreshwa cyane ry'inkingo, indwara ya tetanusi ibaye gake muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu bindi bice by'isi yateye imbere. Iyo ndwara igumye kuba ikibazo ku bantu badafite inkingo zigezweho. Igaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

Igihe cy'amasereri kuva ubwandu kugeza kugaragara kw'ibimenyetso n'ibibazo (igihe cyo guhera) ni iminsi 10. Igihe cyo guhera gishobora kugenda kuva ku minsi 3 kugeza ku minsi 21. Ubwoko bwa tetano busanzwe bwitwa tetano rusanzwe. Ibimenyetso n'ibibazo bitangira buhoro buhoro hanyuma bigenda birushaho kuba bibi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri. Bisanzwe bitangira ku munwa hanyuma bigakwirakwira hasi ku mubiri. Ibimenyetso n'ibibazo bya tetano rusanzwe birimo: Kugira imitego y'imitsi ibabaza n'imitsi ikomeye, idashobora kugenda (ubukakaye bw'imitsi) mu munwa. Ubukana bw'imitsi iherereye ku minwa yawe, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma uraseka buri gihe. Imitego ibabaza n'ubukakaye bw'imitsi y'ijosi. Kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima. Imitsi y'inda ikomeye. Gutera imbere kwa tetano bigira ingaruka ku mitego ibabaza, isa nkaho ari iy'igicuri, iramara iminota myinshi (imitego rusange). Ubusanzwe, ijosi n'umugongo birakomeye, amaguru aba akomeye, amaboko arazamuka ku mubiri, kandi intoki zifunga. Ubukana bw'imitsi mu ijosi no mu nda bishobora gutera ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Iyi mitego ikomeye ishobora guterwa n'ibintu bito bishobora gukangurira ibyiyumvo - ijwi rirenga, gukoraho umubiri, umuyaga cyangwa umucyo. Uko indwara igenda itera imbere, ibindi bimenyetso n'ibibazo bishobora kuba birimo: Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Umuvuduko muke w'amaraso. Umutima ukubita cyane. Urufuri. Gusohora ibyuya cyane. Ubwo buryo buke bwa tetano butera imitego y'imitsi hafi y'aho ikomere kiri. Nubwo ari indwara idakomeye, ishobora gutera tetano rusanzwe. Ubwo buryo buke bwa tetano buterwa n'ikomere mu mutwe. Bigira ingaruka ku mitsi y'umubiri idakomeye n'imitego y'imitsi y'umunwa. Ishobora kandi gutera tetano rusanzwe. Tetano ni indwara itera urupfu. Niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo bya tetano, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse. Niba ufite ikomere gito, cyiza - kandi warahawe urukingo rwa tetano mu myaka 10 ishize - ushobora kwita ku komere kwawe iwawe. Shaka ubuvuzi mu bihe bikurikira: Nutahawe urukingo rwa tetano mu myaka 10 ishize. Ntuzi igihe warahawe urukingo rwa tetano. Ufite ikomere cyatewe n'igikomere, ikintu cyanyerera mu komere cyawe, igikomere cy'inyamaswa cyangwa igikomere gikomeye. Ikomere cyawe cyanduye n'ibitaka, ubutaka, umwanda, ingese cyangwa amacandwe - cyangwa ufite impungenge ku kumenya niba warafashe neza ikomere nyuma yo kwandura. Ibikomere byanduye bisaba urukingo rwongeyeho niba hashize imyaka itanu cyangwa irenga kuva warahawe urukingo rwa tetano.

Tetanusi ni indwara ikomeye itera urupfu. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya tetanusi, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse. Niba ufite ikibyimba gito cyiza kandi cyoroshye—kandi warahawe urukingo rwa tetanusi mu myaka 10 ishize—ushobora kwita ku kibyimba cyawe mu rugo. Shaka ubuvuzi mu gihe gikurikira:

• Ntuharahawe urukingo rwa tetanusi mu myaka 10 ishize.
• Ntuzi neza igihe warahawe urukingo rwa tetanusi bwa nyuma. -Ufite ikibyimba cyatewe n'igikomere cyinjijwe, igikoresho cyanyerera mu kibyimba cyawe, uruguma rw'inyamaswa cyangwa igikomere gikomeye. -Ikibyimba cyawe cyanduye n'ibitaka, umucanga, amashyira, ingese cyangwa amacandwe—cyangwa ufite impungenge ku kuba utarize neza ikibyimba nyuma yo kwandura. Ibikomere byanduye bisaba urukingo rwongeyeho niba hashize imyaka itanu cyangwa irenga kuva warahawe urukingo rwa tetanusi bwa nyuma.

Udukoko dutera tetano witwa Clostridium tetani. Udukoko turashobora kubaho mu buryo butuje mu butaka no mu mwanda w’inyamaswa. Mubisanzwe tuba twasinziriye kugeza igihe tubonye ahantu ho gukura.

Iyo udukoko twasinziriye twinjiye mu kibyimba- ikibazo cyiza cyo gukura-uturemangingo tubyuka. Uko bikura kandi bigakwirakwira, bitanga uburozi witwa tetanospasmin. Uburozi bukomeretsa imiyoboro y’imitsi mu mubiri igenzura imitsi.

Ikintu gikomeye cyane gishobora gutera tetanus ni ukudashobora gukingirwa cyangwa kudakomeza gukingirwa buri myaka 10. Ibindi bintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura tetanus ni ibi bikurikira:

• Udukoko cyangwa ibikomere byafashwe n'ibitaka cyangwa ifumbire
• Igikoresho cy'amahanga kiri mu gikomere, urugero nk'umusumari cyangwa igiti
• Amateka y'uburwayi bwo kudakora neza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Ibikomere by'uruhu byandujwe ku bantu barwaye diyabete
• Igicupa cyandujwe iyo nyina adakingiwe neza
• Imyenge isangiwe kandi idahumurijwe ikoreshwa mu ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe

Ingaruka z'uburwayi bwa tetanusi zishobora kuba:

• Ibibazo byo guhumeka. Ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka bishobora kubaho bitewe no gukomera kw'umuyoboro w'amajwi n'umubiri ukomeye mu ijosi no mu nda, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'igicuri rusange.
• Umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo guhinda umwuka (pulmonary embolism). Ibinure by'amaraso byavuye ahandi mu mubiri byo bishobora gufunga umuyoboro mukuru w'ibihaha cyangwa umwe mu mashami yawo.
• Pneumonia. Ubwandu bw'ibihaha buterwa no guhumeka ikintu mu bihaha (aspiration pneumonia) bishobora kuba ingaruka z'igicuri rusange.
• Amagufa yavunitse. Igicuri rusange gishobora gutera kuvunika kw'umugongo cyangwa amagufa andi.
• Urupfu. Urupfu ruterwa na tetanusi rukunze guterwa no gufunga inzira y'ubuhumekero mu gihe cy'igicuri cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi igenzura ubuhumbe, umuvuduko w'umutima cyangwa imikorere y'ibindi bice by'umubiri.

Urashobora kwirinda tetanus binyuze mu gukingirwa. Urushinge rwa tetanus rutangirwa abana nk'igice cy'urukingo rwa diphtheria na tetanus toxoids na acellular pertussis (DTaP). Diphtheria ni indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri mu mazuru no mu muhogo. Acellular pertussis, izwi kandi nka 'whooping cough', ni indwara y'ubuhumekero ikwirakwira cyane. Abana batemerera urukingo rwa pertussis bashobora guhabwa urundi rukingo rwitwa DT. DTaP ni urukingo rugizwe n'inkingo eshanu zisanzwe zitangirwa mu kuboko cyangwa mu gatuza ku bana bafite imyaka: - Amezi 2 - Amezi 4 - Amezi 6 - Amezi 15 kugeza kuri 18 - Imvaka 4 kugeza kuri 6 Inkingo y'inyongera iragaragara ku bana bafite imyaka 11 cyangwa 12. Iyi nkingo y'inyongera yitwa Tdap. Niba umwana wawe atabonye inkingo y'inyongera muri iyi myaka, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ibindi bishoboka. Inkingo y'inyongera iragaragara ku bakuru buri myaka 10. Ibi bishobora kuba kimwe mu bice bibiri by'inkingo, Tdap cyangwa Td. Niba utarakingiwe tetanus mu bwana cyangwa udashaka uko wakinjiwe, reba muganga wawe kugira ngo ubone urukingo rwa Tdap. Inkingo y'inyongera iragaragara mu gihembwe cya gatatu cyo gutwita, bitabaye ibyo gahunda y'inkingo ya nyina. - Saba muganga wawe gusubiramo uko wakinjiwe buri gihe. - Suzuma niba uri ku gahunda yawe y'inkingo niba uri guteganya ingendo mpuzamahanga.

Abaganga bapima tetanus bashingiye ku isuzuma ngororamubiri, amateka y'ubuzima n'inkingo, n'ibimenyetso by'indwara nka spasms z'imikaya, ubugufi bw'imikaya, n'ububabare. Ibizamini byo muri Laboratwari bishobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe muganga akekako hari izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ibimenyetso.