Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese ni uburwayi bw'umutima bufite ibibazo bine byihariye bikorana. Izina rikomoka ku muganga w'Umufaransa Étienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, ari we wa mbere wavuze ko ibibazo bine byose bibaho hamwe mu 1888.

Ibibazo bine by'umutima ni ubwobo hagati y'ibice byo hasi by'umutima, inzira yoroheje igana mu mwijima, umusuli w'umutima w'iburyo wakomeye, n'umuyoboro mukuru w'amaraso uherereye hejuru y'ubwobo aho kuba hejuru y'icyumba cy'ibumoso. Iyo ibyo bibazo byahujwe, birinda umutima w'umwana wawe gutuma amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni agera ku mubiri we neza.

Ubu burwayi buva mu byumweru umunani bya mbere byo gutwita igihe umutima w'umwana wawe uba ukiri gukura. Bibaho mu bana bagera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 5 kuri buri 10.000 bavutse, bigatuma bitabaho cyane ariko ntibiba ari bike cyane.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ni uburwayi bw'umutima buhuza ibibazo bine byihariye by'umutima umwana avukana, bikabigira uburwayi bwo kuvuka bw'umutima bugoye cyane kandi busanzwe. Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso anyura mu mutima w'umwana wawe no mu mwijima, bivuze ko umubiri we utabona amaraso ahagije yuzuye ogisijeni.

Nubwo kumva iyi ndwara bishobora kuguha ikibazo, ni ingenzi kumenya ko abaganga b'abaganga b'abana bamenyereye Ese. Hamwe no kwitaho neza no kuvurwa, abana benshi bafite ubu burwayi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzuye kandi buhamye.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru uzabona ni ibara ry'ubururu ku ruhu rw'umwana wawe, ku minwa, no ku misumari, bikitwa cyanose. Ibi bibaho kuko amaraso yabo adafite ogisijeni ihagije kugira ngo yuzuze ibyo umubiri wabo ukeneye.

Reka ngende nkubwira ibimenyetso ushobora kubona, wibuke ko buri mwana atandukanye kandi ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bike cyangwa bikagaragara cyane:

• Uruhu rufite ibara ry'ubururu, cyane cyane ku minwa, intoki, n'ibirenge
• Gukomerwa no kurya, abana bakeneye kuruhuka kenshi
• Kudakura neza nubwo bafite ubushake bwo kurya
• Kuruha cyane mu gihe bakina cyangwa bakora imyitozo
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe barira cyangwa bakora imbaraga
• Ibihe by'akanya gato aho umwana wawe yicara hasi mu gihe akina (ibi bimufasha kumva ameze neza)
• Kugwa mu rujijo, nubwo ibi bidaho kenshi
• Iminwe n'ibirenge byuzuye, aho bigenda byuzuye kandi bikura mu gihe

Bamwe mu bana bagira icyo abaganga bita “tet spells” - ibihe by'akanya gato aho bahinduka uruhu rw'ubururu cyane kandi bashobora kugaragara bafite ikibazo. Muri ibyo bihe, ushobora kubona umwana wawe yicara hasi, ibyo bikaba bifasha kunoza amaraso ajya mu mwijima.

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane kuva ku mwana umwe ku wundi. Bamwe mu bana bagaragaza ibimenyetso byumvikana nyuma yo kuvuka, abandi bashobora kudagaragaza ibimenyetso byumvikana kugeza igihe bazaba bakuze nk'abana bato.

Ese iterwa n'iki?

Ese ibaho igihe umutima w'umwana wawe utabasha gukura neza mu mezi abiri ya mbere yo gutwita. Impamvu nyamukuru y'ibyo bitaramenyekana neza, kandi ni ingenzi kumenya ko nta kintu wakoze cyangwa utakoreye mu gihe cyo gutwita cyateye ubu burwayi.

Dore ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago by'ubu burwayi bw'umutima, nubwo abana benshi bafite Ese bavuka ku babyeyi badafite ibyago na bimwe:

• Kugira umubyeyi ufite uburwayi bw'umutima bwo kuvuka
• Uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bwa gene, nka sindwome cyangwa DiGeorge syndrome
• Uburwayi bw'umubyeyi mu gihe cyo gutwita, nka diyabete cyangwa phenylketonuria
• Imyaka y'umubyeyi irengeje 40
• Kunywesha inzoga mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Imvura mbi mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Imiti imwe n'imwe ifatwa mu gihe cyo gutwita

Mu bihe bike, Ese ishobora kuba igice cy'uburwayi bwa gene. Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byiyongereye nko kudakora neza mu mutwe cyangwa gutinda gukura, ariko abana benshi bafite Ese bakura neza uretse uburwayi bw'umutima.

Wibuke ko uburwayi bw'umutima bwo kuvuka busanzwe, bugira ingaruka ku bana bagera kuri 1 kuri buri 100. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko uburwayi bw'umwana wawe bumenyekanye kugira ngo abone ubuvuzi akeneye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Niba ubona ibara ry'ubururu ku ruhu rw'umwana wawe, ku minwa, cyangwa ku misumari, hamagara umuganga wawe wa mbere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane niba ibara ry'ubururu rigaragara mu gihe arira, arya, cyangwa akora.

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba umwana wawe agize ubururu bukabije, guhumeka nabi, kugwa mu rujijo, cyangwa agasa n'ufite ikibazo cyangwa arushye cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya “tet spell” bikeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Nyamara, abana benshi bafite Ese bapimwa mu bipimo bisanzwe byo gusuzuma inda cyangwa nyuma gato yo kuvuka mu bipimo bisanzwe by'abana bashya. Niba umwana wawe yamaze gupimwa, umuganga w'umutima w'abana azakuyobora ku bimenyetso ukwiye kwitondera n'igihe ukwiye guhamagara.

Ibyago bya Ese ni ibihe?

Abana benshi bavuka bafite Ese nta byago byumvikana bafite, bivuze ko ubu burwayi bushobora kubaho mu muryango uwo ari wo wose. Ariko, gusobanukirwa ibyago bishoboka bishobora kugufasha kugirana ibiganiro byuzuye n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi.

Ibyago abaganga bamenye harimo ibintu bya gene n'ibyo mu kirere:

• Amateka y'umuryango y'uburwayi bw'umutima bwo kuvuka
• Uburwayi bwa gene nka sindwome, DiGeorge syndrome, cyangwa Alagille syndrome
• Imyaka myinshi y'umubyeyi (irengeje imyaka 35-40)
• Diyabete y'umubyeyi cyangwa phenylketonuria
• Umubyeyi akoresha imiti imwe n'imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Umubyeyi anywa inzoga mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Indwara z'ibyorezo by'umubyeyi mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Imvura mbi y'umubyeyi mu gihe cyo gutwita

Mu bihe bike, Ese ibaho nk'igice cy'uburwayi bwa gene. Abana bafite ibyo burwayi bashobora kugira ibibazo byiyongereye by'ubuzima uretse uburwayi bw'umutima, ariko ubuzima bwa buri mwana ni bwihariye.

Ni ingenzi kumenya ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe azagira ibibazo by'umutima, kandi kudafite ibyago ntibihamya ko atazagira. Ibyinshi bibaho nta mpamvu isobanutse.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, Ese ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye uko umwana wawe akura. Inkuru nziza ni uko hamwe no kwitaho neza kwa muganga, ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa guhangana nazo neza.

Reka nsobanure ingaruka abaganga bakurikirana, kugira ngo umenye icyo itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rikorera kwirinda:

• Ibibazo by'umutima (arrhythmias) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umutima upompa
• Gucika intege kw'umutima, aho umutima atabasha gupompa amaraso ahagije kugira ngo yuzuze ibyo umubiri ukeneye
• Urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima, nubwo ibi bidaho kenshi hamwe no kuvurwa neza
• Amaraso akonje ashobora kujya mu bwonko akatera stroke
• Udukoko mu bwonko, ariko ni indwara zikomeye
• Endocarditis, indwara y'igice cy'imbere cy'umutima
• Gutinda gukura kubera ogisijeni nke
• Ibibazo by'impyiko kubera amaraso make

Ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho cyane mu bana bataravurwa, izindi zishobora kuvuka na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza. Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana buri gihe n'umuganga w'umutima w'abana ari ingenzi mu buzima bw'umwana wawe.

Ibyago by'ingaruka bitandukanye cyane kuva ku mwana umwe ku wundi. Muganga wawe azagufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byihariye by'umwana wawe n'ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibibazo bishoboka.

Ese Ese ipima gute?

Ibyinshi bya Ese biboneka bwa mbere mu bipimo bisanzwe byo gusuzuma inda, akenshi hagati y'icyumweru cya 18 na 22. Niba bitabonetse mbere yo kuvuka, abaganga bakunze kubipima mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bya mbere byo kubaho igihe babona ibimenyetso.

Isuzuma ry'umwana wawe rizaba rifite ibizamini byinshi bifasha abaganga gusobanukirwa neza uko umutima wabo ukorera. Ibyo bizamini bigenewe kuba byoroshye bishoboka ku mwana wawe:

• Echocardiogram - ultrasound idakomeretsa y'umutima igaragaza imiterere n'imikorere yayo
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ipimira ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'umutima ikoresheje ibitambara bito ku gatuza
• X-ray y'igituza - itanga amashusho y'umutima n'imwijima
• Pulse oximetry - agace gato ku ntoki cyangwa ku birenge gipima urugero rw'ogisijeni
• Cardiac catheterization - ikizamini cyimbitse cyakoreshejwe mu bihe bimwe na bimwe mbere y'ubuganga
• MRI cyangwa CT scan - ibizamini byimbitse by'amashusho bishobora kuba bikenewe mu gutegura ubuganga

Echocardiogram ikunze kuba ikizamini cy'ingenzi kuko igaragaza abaganga ibibazo bine byose neza. Iki kizamini kidakomeretsa gikoresha amajwi kugira ngo gikore amashusho y'umutima w'umwana wawe, kandi bishobora gukorwa mu gihe umwana wawe aryamye.

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakeneye ibizamini byiyongereye kugira ngo bategurire uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Umuganga w'umutima w'abana azasobanura ibizamini umwana wawe akeneye n'impamvu buri kimwe ari ingenzi mu kwitaho.

Ese Ese ivurwa gute?

Ubuganga ni bwo buvuzi nyamukuru bwa Ese, kandi inkuru nziza ni uko ubuhanga mu kubaga abana bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Abana benshi bakeneye kubagwa, akenshi bikorwa mu mwaka wa mbere cyangwa ibiri byo kubaho.

Gahunda yo kuvura umwana wawe izaterwa n'uburemere bw'uburwayi bwe. Reka ngende nkubwira uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura:

• Kubaga gukosora rwose - uburyo bwo kuvura bukunzwe cyane bukosora ibibazo bine byose mu gihe kimwe
• Kubaga by'agateganyo (shunt) - bituma haba inzira y'amaraso igana mu mwijima kugeza igihe gukosora rwose bishoboka
• Balloon valvuloplasty - uburyo buke bwo kubaga bushobora gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Imiti yo gushyigikira imikorere y'umutima mbere y'ubuganga
• Ubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni igihe bikenewe
• Ubufasha mu mirire kugira ngo bufashe mu gukura no gutera imbere

Kubaga gukosora rwose bisanzwe bikubiyemo gufunga ubwobo hagati y'ibice by'umutima, kwagura inzira yoroheje igana mu mwijima, kandi rimwe na rimwe gusimbuza umuvure w'imijima. Ubu buganga bukomeye busanzwe buramara amasaha menshi kandi busaba igihe cyo kurwarira mu bitaro byita ku bana nyuma.

Bamwe mu bana bashobora gukenera kubagwa by'agateganyo, cyane cyane niba bakiri bato cyangwa bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima. Ibi bituma habaho umuyoboro muto ufasha amaraso menshi kugera mu mwijima kugeza igihe biteguye gukosorwa rwose.

Umuganga wawe uzakubwira igihe cyiza n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura umwana wawe. Bazatekereza ku bintu nko gupima umwana wawe, ubuzima bwe rusange, n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso bye.

Uko watanga ubuvuzi bw'i mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvura Ese

Kwita ku mwana ufite Ese mu rugo bikubiyemo kwita ku byo akeneye mu gihe umufasha kubaho ubuzima busanzwe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakugira inama yihariye, ariko hano hari amahame rusange ashobora gufasha.

Kwitaho buri munsi bikubiyemo gukurikirana imimerere y'umwana wawe no gushyigikira iterambere rye:

• Kwitondera impinduka z'ibara ry'uruhu, cyane cyane uburemere bw'ubururu
• Kureka kuruhuka kenshi mu gihe cyo kurya no gukina
• Kugira imirire myiza hamwe n'ibiribwa bifite calorie nyinshi niba ari ngombwa
• Kwiringira kwirinda indwara hamwe no gukaraba intoki neza no kwirinda abantu barwaye
• Guha imiti uko yategetswe
• Kugira gahunda yo kuryama neza
• Gushishikariza ibikorwa bikwiye igihe cyabo mu gihe cyubahiriza imipaka y'umwana wawe

Niba umwana wawe afite “tet spells” aho bahinduka uruhu rw'ubururu cyane, umufashe gufata umwanya wo guceceka (nk'uko yicara hasi) kandi uceceke mu gihe uhamagara muganga wawe. Ibihe byinshi birangira vuba, ariko buri gihe bikeneye ubuvuzi.

Wibuke ko abana benshi bafite Ese bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa bisanzwe by'abana, nubwo bashobora gukenera kuruhuka kenshi. Umuganga w'umutima azakuyobora ku mipaka y'ibikorwa hashingiwe ku mimerere yihariye y'umwana wawe.

Uko wakwitegura igihe ugiye kwa muganga

Kwitunganya mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n'umuganga w'umwana wawe. Zaza witeguye kuganira ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'umwana wawe n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose wabonye.

Dore ibyo ukwiye kuzana no kwitegura mu gihe ugiye kwa muganga:

• Urutonde rw'imiti ukoresha ubu hamwe n'ingano nyayo n'igihe
• Ikarita y'ubukure bw'umwana wawe n'ibitabo byo kurya
• Inyandiko ku bimenyetso cyangwa impinduka wabonye
• Ibibazo ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa, gukura, cyangwa iterambere
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje cyangwa raporo z'abandi baganga
• Amakariti y'ubwisungane n'irangamuntu
• Ikintu cyo guhumuriza umwana wawe mu gihe cy'ibizamini

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose utasobanukiwe. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishaka ko wumva ufite icyizere ku bijyanye no kwita ku mwana wawe, kugira ngo bazatume igihe cyo gusobanura ibikorwa, ibisubizo by'ibizamini, n'ibihugu byo kuvura.

Bishobora kugufasha kwandika amakuru y'ingenzi mu gihe cy'ikiganiro, cyangwa kubaza niba ushobora gufata amashusho y'ibice by'ingenzi by'ikiganiro. Imiryango myinshi isanga ari ingirakamaro kuzana umufasha cyangwa umuryango kugira ngo bashyigikire kandi bafashe kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi.

Icy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana kuri Ese ni iki?

Ese ni uburwayi bw'umutima bukomeye ariko buvurwa bugira ingaruka ku bana babarirwa mu bihumbi buri mwaka. Hamwe n'iterambere mu kubaga abana n'ubuvuzi buhoraho, abana benshi bafite ubu burwayi bashobora kwitega kubaho ubuzima buzuye kandi buhamye.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko gupima hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro. Itsinda ry'ubuvuzi ry'umwana wawe rifite ubunararibonye bwinshi kuri ubu burwayi kandi rizakorana nawe kugira ngo rutange ubuvuzi bwiza.

Nubwo urugendo rushobora kuba rugoye rimwe na rimwe, imiryango myinshi isanga kugira umwana ufite Ese biyigisha kwihangana, ubwishingizi bw'ubuvuzi, n'akamaro ko kwishimira buri ntambwe. Umwana wawe ashobora gukura akitabira imikino, akiga, agira akazi, kandi agatangiza imiryango ye.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri Ese

Ese umwana wanjye azashobora gukina imikino no gukora imyitozo?

Abana benshi bafite Ese yakozweho bashobora kwitabira imikino n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, nubwo bashobora gukenera impinduka zimwe na zimwe. Umuganga w'umutima azapima imikorere yihariye y'umutima w'umwana wawe kandi azatange amabwiriza ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa byizewe. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gukenera kwirinda imikino ikomeye cyangwa imikino ikomeye, abandi bashobora kwitabira neza bakurikiranwa.

Ese umwana wanjye azakenera gukurikiranwa kenshi nyuma yo kubagwa?

Abana bafite Ese bakeneye gukurikiranwa n'abaganga b'umutima mu buzima bwabo bwose, na nyuma yo kubagwa neza. Mu ntangiriro, gusura bishobora kuba buri mezi make, hanyuma rimwe cyangwa kabiri buri mwaka uko umwana wawe akura. Ubwinshi bwabyo biterwa n'uko umutima we ukorera neza niba hari ingaruka zivuka. Gukurikirana buri gihe bifasha gufata ibibazo hakiri kare kandi bigatuma umwana wawe aguma ameze neza bishoboka.

Ese Ese ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwo kwirinda Ese kuko itera mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ariko, kugira ubuvuzi bwiza bwo gutwita, gufata amavitamini yo gutwita afite acide folique, kwirinda inzoga no kunywa itabi mu gihe cyo gutwita, no gucunga uburwayi bw'umubyeyi bishobora gushyigikira iterambere rusange ry'umutima. Ibyinshi bibaho nta mpamvu isobanutse cyangwa ibyago byumvikana.

Ese umwana wanjye azakenera kubagwa byinshi uko akura?

Bamwe mu bana bashobora gukenera ibindi bikorwa uko bakura, ariko benshi bakora neza hamwe no gukosorwa kwabo kwa mbere. Gukenera kubagwa mu gihe kizaza biterwa n'ibintu nko gukora neza kw'ibikorwa byakozwe, niba umuvure w'umutima ukeneye gusimbuzwa, n'uko umutima w'umwana wawe ukura. Umuganga w'umutima azakurikirana imikorere y'umutima w'umwana wawe mu gihe kizaza kandi azaganira ku bindi bikorwa byashobora kugira akamaro.

Ese nzagira iki mbabwira ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bw'umutima bwabo?

Ni ingenzi kuvugana n'umwana wawe ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwe bw'umutima mu buryo bukwiye igihe cyabo. Abana bato bashobora gusobanukirwa ko bafite umutima wihariye wakeneye gukosorwa, kandi niyo mpamvu babona umuganga w'umutima. Uko bakura, ushobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye. Kuba umunyamwete kandi ukagira icyizere bifasha abana gukura basobanukiwe neza uburwayi bwabo kandi bigatuma bafite icyizere mu gucunga ubuzima bwabo uko bakura.