Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Uko Bavura

Ese ni indwara y’amaraso iterwa n’imvange mbi y’imiterere y’umuntu, igira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukora hemoglobin, poroteyine iri mu maraso itwara umwuka mu mubiri wawe wose. Iyo ufite ese, umubiri wawe ukora hemoglobin nke kandi ntoya kurusha uko bikwiye, ibyo bigatuma ugira ubusembwa bw’amaraso n’umunaniro.

Iyi ndwara irazima, ikomoka ku babyeyi ikazira mu bana binyuze mu mivange. Nubwo bishobora kugaragara nk’ibidasobanutse, abantu benshi bafite ese babaho ubuzima buhamye kandi buzuye, bafashwe neza n’abaganga. Gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara ni intambwe ya mbere mu kuyigenzura neza.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ibaho iyo umubiri wawe ufite imvange mbi z’imiterere igenzura uko hemoglobin ikorwa. Tekereza kuri hemoglobin nk’imodoka nto zitwara umwuka mu maraso, uvuye mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ujya mu bice byose by’umubiri wawe. Iyo izo modoka zangiritse cyangwa zidahagije, ingingo zawe ntizibona umwuka uhagije ngo zikore neza.

Iyi ndwara ifite ubwoko butandukanye, kuva ku bworoshye cyane kugeza ku bukomeye. Hari abantu bafite ese yoroheje cyane ku buryo batayizi, abandi bakeneye kuvurwa buri gihe. Ubukana bwayo biterwa n’imiterere y’imvange zangiritse n’umubare wazo.

Umubiri wawe ugerageza gusubiza ubusembwa bw’amaraso meza, ukora cyane. Iyo mirimo y’umurengera ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima, umwijima, n’umutima igihe kirekire, niyo mpamvu kuvurwa neza ari ingenzi.

Ese ifite ubwoko ki?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bukuru bwa ese, bizwi ku izina ry’igice cya hemoglobin cyangiritse. Ese ya alpha ibaho iyo imiterere ikora alpha globin ibaye ibura cyangwa ihinduka. Ese ya beta ibaho iyo imiterere ikora beta globin idakora neza.

Ese ya alpha ifite ubwoko bune butandukanye bitewe n’umubare w’imiterere yangiritse. Iyo imiterere imwe gusa ibuze, ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso. Iyo imiterere ebyiri zangiritse, ushobora kugira ubusembwa bw’amaraso buke. Iyo imiterere eshatu ibuze, bigatera ubusembwa bw’amaraso bukomeye, naho imiterere ine ibuze ari bwo buryo bukomeye cyane.

Ese ya beta na yo ifite uburyo butandukanye. Ese ya beta ntoya bivuze ko ufite imiterere imwe yangiritse kandi ubusanzwe ugira ibimenyetso bike cyangwa ntabyo ugire. Ese ya beta ikomeye, izwi kandi nka Cooley’s anemia, ni uburyo bukomeye busaba kuvurwa amaraso buri gihe.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya ese bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’ubwoko ufite n’ubukana bwayo. Abantu benshi bafite uburyo buke cyangwa nta bimenyetso bagira, abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Umunaniro n’intege nke bidakira n’ubwo waruhuka
• Uruhu rwera, cyane cyane ku maso, ku minwa, cyangwa ku misumari
• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Ibiganza n’ibirenge bipfuye
• Kuzana cyangwa gucika intege
• Umutwe ubora kenshi
• Kugorana gutekereza cyangwa kwibanda

Mu buryo bukomeye, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso byiyongereye. Umutima wawe ushobora kubyimbagira, bigatuma wumva ufite umunaniro cyangwa ububabare mu gice cy’ibumoso cy’inda. Hari abantu bagira ikirungurira, bigatuma amaso yera n’uruhu bigaragara nk’ibyera.

Abana bafite ese ikomeye bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo gutinda gukura no gutera imbere. Bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo by’amagufwa, harimo n’impinduka z’amagufwa y’isura zitera isura isura idasanzwe. Ibyo bimenyetso bivuka kuko umubiri ukora cyane kugira ngo ukore amaraso menshi.

Ese iterwa n’iki?

Ese iterwa n’impinduka cyangwa imvange mbi mu miterere ibwira umubiri wawe uko ukora hemoglobin. Urazima iyo mivange ukomoka ku babyeyi bawe, bivuze ko iyi ndwara irazima mu muryango. Ntabwo ari ikintu ushobora kwandura cyangwa kurwara nyuma y’igihe kubera imibereho.

Iyi ndwara igaragara cyane mu bantu bakomoka mu bice bimwe by’isi. Ibyo bikubiyemo akarere ka Mediterane, Afurika, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Aziya y’Epfo, na Aziya y’Uburasirazuba. Impamvu ese igaragara cyane muri iyo turere bifitanye isano n’ubwirinzi bwa malariya ubusembwa bw’amaraso bwatangaga ku basokuru.

Iyo ababyeyi bombi bafite imiterere ya ese, abana babo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kuyirwara. Iyo umubyeyi umwe afite iyo miterere, abana bashobora kuba abayitwaye. Inama y’abaganga ku miterere y’umuntu ishobora gufasha imiryango gusobanukirwa ibyago byabo no gufata ibyemezo byiza ku gushyingura.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ufite umunaniro udashira n’ubwo waruhuka cyangwa waraye. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane niba uwo munaniro ugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi cyangwa ukaba ukomeye kurusha umunaniro usanzwe uterwa n’imirimo myinshi cyangwa umunaniro.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga niba ubona uruhu rwera, cyane cyane ku maso, ku minwa, cyangwa munsi y’imisumari. Ibindi bimenyetso birimo umutwe ubora kenshi, gucika intege, cyangwa guhumeka nabi mu gihe ukora ibikorwa byoroshye.

Niba uteganya kubyara kandi uzi ko ese iri mu muryango wawe, ni byiza kuvugana n’umujyanama w’imiterere y’umuntu mbere yo gutwita. Bashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa amahirwe yo kuyiha abana bawe no kuganira ku byo wakora.

Ku bana, banza urebe ibimenyetso byo gutinda gukura, indwara zikunda kugaruka, cyangwa impinduka mu kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Abana bafite ese bashobora kandi kugaragara nk’abarakaye cyangwa bagorana gukurikira bagenzi babo mu mikino.

Ibyago bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibyago byawe byinshi bya ese ni amateka y’ubuzima bwawe n’aho bakomoka. Iyi ndwara irazima, bityo kugira ababyeyi cyangwa abavandimwe bafite ese byongera cyane amahirwe yo kuyirwara.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi ukwiye kumenya:

• Kugira ababyeyi bafite imiterere ya ese
• Komoka muri Mediterane, Afurika, cyangwa Uburasirazuba bwo hagati
• Komoka muri Aziya y’Epfo cyangwa Aziya y’Uburasirazuba
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango afite ubusembwa bw’amaraso cyangwa indwara z’amaraso
• Gushakana mu muryango (gushakana mu muryango)

Aho bakomoka bigira uruhare runini kuko ese yavukiye mu bice malariya yari ikunze kugaragara. Gutwara imiterere imwe ya ese byatanga uburinzi runaka kuri malariya, niyo mpamvu iyo miterere yiyongereye muri iyo turere mu gihe kirekire.

Ni ingenzi kwibuka ko kuba ufite ibyago byinshi ntibivuze ko ufite ese. Abantu benshi bakomoka muri iyo turere ntayo bafite, mu gihe hari abantu badafite ibyago bigaragara bashobora kuba abayitwaye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bafite ese yoroheje babaho ubuzima busanzwe, uburyo bukomeye bushobora gutera ingaruka niba budafashwe neza. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishobora kubaho bigufasha gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga kugira ngo ubikumire cyangwa ubigenzure.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zigira ingaruka ku ngingo zawe zikora cyane kugira ngo zisuze ubusembwa bw’amaraso meza:

• Ibyuma byinshi bituruka ku kuvurirwa amaraso kenshi
• Umutima wabyimbagira ushobora gukuraho
• Ibibazo by’amagufwa, harimo n’amagufwa adakomeye n’impinduka z’amagufwa
• Ibibazo by’umutima bituruka ku byuma byinshi cyangwa umunaniro
• Ihangiro ry’umwijima rituruka ku byuma byinshi
• Gutinda gukura mu bana
• Gutinda kuba ingimbi mu bangavu

Ibyuma byinshi ni ikibazo cy’ingenzi kuko umubiri wawe udafite uburyo bwo gukuraho ibyuma byinshi. Mu gihe kirekire, ibyo byuma bishobora kwibasira umutima, umwijima, n’izindi ngingo, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugezweho bushobora gukumira cyangwa kugenzura ibyo bibazo neza. Gukurikiranwa buri gihe no gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye.

Ese imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya ese bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe ibizamini by’amaraso bipima ibice bitandukanye by’amaraso yawe. Muganga wawe azareba umubare w’amaraso yawe, ugaragaza umubare, ubunini, n’uburyo bw’amaraso yawe, hamwe n’ibipimo bya hemoglobin.

Niba ibizamini bya mbere bigaragaza ese, muganga wawe azategeka ibizamini byihariye. Ubugenzuzi bwa hemoglobin ni ikizamini cyihariye kigaragaza ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemoglobin mu maraso yawe. Icyo kizamini gishobora kumenya ubwoko bwa ese ufite n’ubukana bwayo.

Ubugenzuzi bw’imiterere y’umuntu bushobora kandi gusabwa, cyane cyane niba uteganya kubyara. Icyo kizamini gishobora kumenya imvange mbi z’imiterere kandi kigufasha kumenya niba utwaye iyo ndwara. Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango n’aho bakomoka bitanga ibimenyetso byiyongereye bifasha muganga wawe gusobanura ibisubizo by’ibizamini.

Rimwe na rimwe ese imenyekanwa mu gihe cy’ibizamini by’amaraso bisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe ushakisha ibimenyetso nk’umunaniro cyangwa ubusembwa bw’amaraso. Hariho uburyo bwo gupima abana bataravuka ku miryango ifite ibyago byinshi, bituma ababyeyi bamenya niba umwana wabo utaravuka azayirwara.

Ese ivurwa ite?

Kuvura ese biterwa n’ubwoko ufite n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso byawe. Abantu bafite uburyo buke bashobora kutagira icyo bakora, mu gihe abafite ese ikomeye bakeneye kuvurwa neza ubuzima bwabo bwose.

Ku buryo bukomeye bwa ese, kuvurirwa amaraso buri gihe ni bwo buryo bwo kuvura busanzwe. Ibyo bivurirwa amaraso bisimbura amaraso yawe yangiritse n’amaraso meza, bifasha umubiri wawe kubona umwuka ukeneye. Abantu benshi bakeneye kuvurirwa amaraso buri cyumweru kugira ngo bagumane imbaraga zabo kandi bakumire ingaruka.

Ubuvuzi bwo gukuraho ibyuma byinshi mu mubiri, ni ingenzi niba uhabwa amaraso buri gihe. Ubwo buvuzi bukoresha imiti ifunga ibyuma kandi ifasha umubiri wawe kubikuramo binyuze mu muko cyangwa mu mubiri. Utabikoze, ibyuma bishobora kwiyongera ku rwego rw’akaga mu ngingo zawe.

Gusimbuza umugufi w’amagufwa, bizwi kandi nko gusimbuza uturemangingo tw’umugufi, bishobora gukiza ese. Ubwo buvuzi busimbuza umugufi wawe n’umugufi muzima ukomoka ku mutanga uhuye nawe. Ariko rero, bufite ibyago bikomeye kandi busanzwe bukoreshwa mu buryo bukomeye iyo hari umutanga uhuye nawe.

Ubuvuzi bw’imiterere y’umuntu ni uburyo bushya bugaragaza icyizere cyo gukiza ese. Ubwo buryo burimo guhindura imiterere yawe kugira ngo ufashe umubiri wawe gukora hemoglobin nzima. Nubwo bugikorerwa ubushakashatsi, ibyavuye mu ntangiriro birashishikaje ku bantu bafite uburyo bukomeye bw’iyi ndwara.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe ufite Ese

Kwitaho iwawe bikubiyemo gufata ibyemezo by’ubuzima bishigikira ubuzima bwawe n’imbaraga zawe. Kurya indyo yuzuye yuzuye intungamubiri bifasha umubiri wawe gukora neza, nubwo ufite amaraso make.

Fata ibiryo byinshi bya folate, nka ibyatsi byera, ibishyimbo, n’ibinyampeke byuzuyemo intungamubiri. Umubiri wawe ukeneye folate kugira ngo ukore amaraso. Ariko, irinda imiti y’ibyuma keretse muganga wawe abikuyeho, kuko ibyuma byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi niba ufite ese.

Imikino yoroheje ishobora kugufasha kunoza imbaraga zawe n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Tangira buhoro buhoro n’imikino nko kugenda cyangwa koga, kandi utege amatwi umubiri wawe. Ruhukira iyo unaniwe, kandi ntukarengere imbaraga zawe ku minsi imbaraga zawe zidahagije.

Kwirinda indwara no gukaraba intoki kenshi, gukurikirana inkingo, no kwirinda imihango mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe. Abantu bafite ese bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane niba umutima wabo wabyimbagira cyangwa bawukuyemo.

Kwita ku bimenyetso byawe no kwandika uko wumva buri munsi. Ibyo bintu bifasha itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa no gufata impinduka hakiri kare. Ntuzuyaze kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ubona ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ukaba wumva nabi kurusha ubusanzwe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi. Ba uhamye ku munaniro wawe, ububabare ubona, n’uko ibyo bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose ukoresha, harimo intungamubiri n’ibindi byuzuza. Ikoranira amakuru yerekeye amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe, cyane cyane abavandimwe bafite ubusembwa bw’amaraso, ese, cyangwa izindi ndwara z’amaraso.

Tegura ibibazo uzazaza muganga wawe ku ndwara yawe, uburyo bwo kuvurwa, n’icyo utegereje. Ibibazo byiza bishobora kuba birimo kubaza ku bihano by’imikino, igihe cyo gusaba ubufasha bwihuse, cyangwa uko ugenzura ingaruka z’ubuvuzi.

Niba warigeze gukora ibizamini by’amaraso cyangwa ufite inyandiko z’ubuvuzi zikomoka ku banditsi, uzane kopi. Ibyo bintu bifasha itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga gusobanukirwa amateka yawe y’ubuzima no gukurikirana impinduka z’uburwayi bwawe mu gihe.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana kuri Ese

Ese ni indwara y’imiterere y’umuntu ishobora kuvurwa, igira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe ukora amaraso. Nubwo isaba kuvurwa buri gihe, abantu benshi bafite ese babaho ubuzima buhamye kandi buzuye, bafashwe neza n’abaganga.

Icy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa buri gihe bigira uruhare runini ku buzima bwawe. Gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga, gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa, no gufata ibyemezo by’ubuzima byiza bishobora kugufasha kugenzura ibimenyetso neza.

Niba ufite ese cyangwa utwaye iyo miterere, inama y’abaganga ku miterere y’umuntu ishobora gutanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku gushyingura. Gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara biguha ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe n’ejo hazaza h’umuryango wawe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Ese

Ese ese ishobora gukira?

Ubu, gusimbuza umugufi w’amagufwa ni bwo buryo bwo gukiza ese ikomeye, ariko bufite ibyago bikomeye kandi bisaba umutanga uhuye nawe. Ubuvuzi bw’imiterere y’umuntu bugira icyizere cyo gukiza kandi bugikorerwa ubushakashatsi mu bigega by’ubushakashatsi. Abantu benshi bafite ese bayigenzura neza bakoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura buri gihe aho gushaka gukira.

Ese ese ni kimwe na sickle cell disease?

Oya, ese na sickle cell disease ni indwara z’amaraso zitandukanye, nubwo zombi zigira ingaruka kuri hemoglobin. Ese ikubiyemo kugabanuka gukora hemoglobin isanzwe, mu gihe sickle cell disease ikora hemoglobin ifite isura idasanzwe ituma amaraso aba nk’inyundo. Ariko kandi, zombi zishobora gutera ubusembwa bw’amaraso kandi zisaba uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriye.

Nshobora kubyara niba mfite ese?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite ese bashobora kubyara, ariko inama y’abaganga ku miterere y’umuntu irakenewe cyane mbere yo gutwita. Iyo ababyeyi bombi bafite imiterere ya ese, hari ibyago byo kuyiha abana babo. Gupima abana bataravuka bishobora kumenya ese mu bana bataravuka, bituma imiryango ifata ibyemezo byiza ku gutwita.

Ese ese izakomeza gukura mu gihe kirekire?

Ese ubwayo isanzwe idakomeza gukura mu gihe kirekire kuko ari indwara y’imiterere y’umuntu wavukanye. Ariko, ingaruka z’iyi ndwara cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyivura zishobora kuvuka niba zitavuwe neza. Kuvurwa buri gihe, gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvurwa, no kugenzura ingaruka bifasha gukumira iyi ndwara kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe cyane uko ugenda ukura.

Nkeneye kwirinda ibiryo bimwe na bimwe niba mfite ese?

Ugomba kwirinda imiti y’ibyuma n’ibiryo byuzuyemo ibyuma keretse muganga wawe abikuyeho, kuko ibyuma byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Fata indyo yuzuye yuzuye folate n’izindi ntungamubiri zishigikira ubuzima muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rishobora gutanga amabwiriza y’ibiryo byihariye ashingiye ku bikenewe n’uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa.