Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ni Iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Cancer y'umuhogo itera iyo uturemangingo two mu muhogo wawe twakuriye mu buryo budasanzwe tukaba tumye tumye. Iyi ndwara irashisha igice kivuga, imitsi ivuga, cyangwa ibindi bice by'umuhogo wawe, kandi nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa mu buryo bugezweho byarushijeho kunoza ibyavuye mu bantu benshi.

Umuhogo wawe ugira uruhare runini mu guhumeka, kurya no kuvuga. Iyo cancer ibaye muri urwo rwego, ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri izo nshingano z'ingenzi, ariko gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare bishobora gutanga impinduka nyayo mu rugendo rwawe rwo kuvurwa.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ni Iki?

Cancer y'umuhogo ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'umutwe n'ijosi itangirira mu turemangingo dukingira umuhogo wawe. Umuhogo wawe, mu magambo y'abaganga witwa pharynx, ni umuyoboro uvana inyuma y'izuru ugana mu ijosi.

Iyi kanseri ishobora gutera mu bice bitandukanye by'umuhogo wawe. Ubwoko bugaragara cyane bugira ingaruka ku gice kivuga (larynx) cyangwa agace kari hejuru yacyo. Gake cyane, ishobora gutangirira hejuru y'umuhogo hafi y'amanywa yawe cyangwa inyuma y'ururimi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri y'umuhogo, iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, ikunda kuvurwa neza. Abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo kanseri imenyekanye itararakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Ni Izihe Nkoresha za Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Cancer y'umuhogo isanzwe ihabwa ukoresha hashingiwe aho itangirira mu muhogo wawe. Ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi bifasha abaganga kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bujyanye n'imimerere yawe.

Cancer ya Pharyngeal itera muri pharynx, ari yo muyoboro uvana inyuma y'izuru ukagera hejuru y'umuyoboro w'umwuka. Ubwo bwoko burimo kanseri ya nasopharynx (hejuru y'umuhogo), oropharynx (hagati y'umuhogo harimo amanywa), na hypopharynx (hepfo y'umuhogo).

Cancer ya Laryngeal itera muri larynx, izwi cyane nka gice kivuga. Niho imitsi ivuga iherereye, niyo mpamvu impinduka z'ijwi akenshi ziba ikimenyetso cy'ibanze cy'ubwo bwoko bwa kanseri y'umuhogo.

Muri ibyo byiciro by'ingenzi, abaganga banasobanura kanseri y'umuhogo ukurikije ubwoko bw'uturemangingo burimo. Kanseri y'uturemangingo twa squamous igize hafi 90% ya kanseri y'umuhogo kandi itangirira mu turemangingo duto, dufite ubusa bukingira imbere y'umuhogo wawe.

Ni Ibihe Bimenyetso bya Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'umuhogo bishobora kuba bito mu ntangiriro kandi bishobora kumera nk'ibibazo bisanzwe by'umuhogo. Abantu benshi mu ntangiriro bakoresha ibyo bimenyetso nk'umwijima ukomeza cyangwa allergie, kandi ibyo birasobanutse.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Guhindagurika kw'ijwi cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ijwi bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri
• Umuhogo ubabara utakiza n'imiti isanzwe
• Kugorana cyangwa kubabara mu gihe cyo kurya
• Igishishwa cyangwa ikintu ushobora kumva mu ijosi
• Inkorora ikomeza, rimwe na rimwe ifite amaraso
• Kubabara amatwi bitagaragara ko bifitanye isano n'indwara y'amatwi
• Gutakaza ibiro bitazwi
• Impumuro mbi ikomeza idasanzwe kuri wowe

Ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro bishobora kuba harimo kugorana guhumeka, kumva hari ikintu kiri mu muhogo wawe, cyangwa kubabara mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo. Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuza no kugenda mu ntangiriro.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira ibyo bimenyetso bidakubwira ko ufite kanseri y'umuhogo. Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo, harimo reflux ya acide, allergie, cyangwa indwara ziterwa na virusi. Ariko, niba ibimenyetso bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri, birakwiriye kubivugana n'umuganga wawe.

Ese Ni Iki Gitera Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Cancer y'umuhogo itera iyo impinduka za gene zituma uturemangingo two mu muhogo wawe twakura mu buryo budakozwe. Nubwo tutazi impamvu ibyo bibaho, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Intandaro n'ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Kunywa itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, harimo isigareti, sigari, iduka, n'itabi ritavuzwe
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kunywa itabi
• Dukuriye human papillomavirus (HPV), cyane cyane HPV-16 na HPV-18
• Indwara ya Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) itera kubabara kwa acide igihe kirekire
• Imvura mibi, cyane cyane indyo nke mu mboga n'imbuto
• Kuhura na chemicals cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe aho ukora
• Radiotherapie mbere mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi

Imyaka na yo igira uruhare, kuko kanseri y'umuhogo ikunda kugaragara mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50. Abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'umuhogo kurusha abagore, nubwo icyo cyuho kiri kugabanuka uko imikorere yo kunywa itabi yahindutse mu myaka.

Nyamara, birakwiriye kuvuga ko hari abantu barwara kanseri y'umuhogo badafite ibyago bizwi. Kanseri y'umuhogo ifitanye isano na HPV, by'umwihariko, ishobora kuba mu bantu batanywa itabi cyangwa batanywa inzoga nyinshi, kandi ibyo biragenda byiyongera mu rubyiruko.

Ni Ryari Ukwiye Kubona Umuvuzi kubera Ibimenyetso bya Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Wagombye gutekereza kubona umuganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by'umuhogo bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri. Nubwo ibibazo byinshi by'umuhogo atari kanseri, bihora ari byiza kwipimisha no kugira amahoro mu mutima.

Tegura gahunda vuba niba ubona ijwi rihindagurika ritakira, cyane cyane niba utarwaye ibicurane cyangwa grippe. Impinduka z'ijwi zishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y'umuhogo, cyane cyane niba zikomeje nta mpamvu isobanutse.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ugira ibibazo byo kurya, gutakaza ibiro bitazwi, cyangwa ushobora kumva igishishwa mu ijosi. Ibyo bimenyetso bikwiye gupimwa nubwo byamaze ibyumweru bitageze kuri bibiri.

Ntuzuyaze kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ufite ububabare bw'amatwi butera nk'indwara y'amatwi, impumuro mbi ikomeza idasanzwe kuri wowe, cyangwa niba uri gukorora amaraso. Nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugira ibindi bisobanuro, bikwiye kwitabwaho n'abaganga.

Ni Ibihe Byaho Byongera Ibyago bya Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe. Kugira ikintu kimwe cyangwa ibindi byago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri y'umuhogo, ariko bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Kunywa itabi ryo mu bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose, byongera ibyago inshuro 5-10
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane inzoga zisaga 3-4 buri munsi
• Dukuriye HPV, ubu igize hafi 70% ya kanseri ya oropharyngeal
• Kuba umugabo ukaba warengeje imyaka 50
• Kugira GERD cyangwa reflux ya acide kenshi
• Isuku mbi y'amenyo cyangwa ubuzima bw'amenyo
• Kuhura n'ibintu byo mu kazi nka asbestos, umukungugu w'ibiti, cyangwa chemicals zimwe na zimwe
• Imyambarire mike mu mboga n'imbuto

Bimwe mu byago bidafite akamaro birimo kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, kanseri y'umutwe n'ijosi mbere, cyangwa ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'imiterere.

Inkuru ishimishije ni uko ibyinshi muri ibyo byago biri mu bubasha bwawe. Kureka itabi, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, no kugira isuku nziza y'amenyo bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'umuhogo.

Ni Izihe Ngaruka zishoboka za Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Cancer y'umuhogo ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, zikomoka kuri kanseri ubwayo rimwe na rimwe zikomoka ku buvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha wowe n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kwitaho.

Ingaruka zihita zihita zikunda kubaho zifitanye isano n'aho kanseri iherereye:

• Kugorana kurya (dysphagia), bishobora gutera gutakaza ibiro no kudafata indyo yuzuye
• Ibibazo byo guhumeka niba igishishwa gikomeza umuyoboro w'umwuka
• Guhindagurika kw'ijwi cyangwa gutakaza ijwi rwose
• Ububabare buhoraho mu muhogo, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu matwi
• Kwihuta kwa kanseri ku mitsi ya lymph cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri

Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubuvuzi zishobora kuba harimo impinduka z'igihe gito cyangwa igihe kirekire mu ijwi ryawe, kugorana kurya, umunwa wumye, cyangwa impinduka mu kununura. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora gukenera imiyoboro yo kurya igihe gito cyangwa igihe kirekire niba kurya bigoye cyane.

Gake cyane, kanseri y'umuhogo ikomeye ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka bisaba ubufasha bwihuse. Niyo mpamvu kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa ari ingenzi cyane mu gukumira ibyo bibazo bikomeye.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakorana nawe kugira ngo rigenzure ingaruka zose zibaho kandi rigufashe kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no gukira.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Imenyekanwa Gute?

Kumenya kanseri y'umuhogo bisanzwe bitangira umuganga wawe apima umuhogo wawe n'ijosi. Azareba ibibazo byose bigaragara kandi yumve igishishwa cyangwa imitsi ya lymph yabareye mu ijosi.

Niba umuganga wawe akekako ufite kanseri y'umuhogo, azakwerekeza ku muhanga mu matwi, izuru n'umuhogo (ENT). Uyu muhanga ashobora gukoresha umuyoboro muto, woroshye ufite camera witwa endoscope kugira ngo arebe neza umuhogo wawe n'igice kivuga.

Kumenya neza bituruka kuri biopsie, aho igice gito cy'umubiri gikurwaho kikarebwa kuri microscope. Iyo nzira ishobora gukorwa mu biro by'umuganga ikoresheje anesthésie y'aho kugira ngo ugire amahoro.

Niba kanseri yemewe, ibizamini byongeyeho bifasha kumenya icyiciro n'ingano y'indwara. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo CT scan, MRI, PET scan, cyangwa X-rays yo mu kifuba kugira ngo barebe niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora kandi gupima HPV niba ufite kanseri ya oropharyngeal, kuko kanseri ifitanye isano na HPV ikunda kuvurwa neza kandi ikagira ibyiza byinshi.

Ese Ni Ubuhe Bwuvuzi bwa Cancer y'Umuhogo?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'umuhogo biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, birimo ubwoko, icyiciro, n'aho kanseri yawe iherereye, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakorana nawe kugira ngo ritegure gahunda y'ubuvuzi ijyanye nawe.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho igishishwa ndetse rimwe na rimwe imitsi ya lymph iri hafi
• Radiotherapie ikoresha imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo ibashe kurimbura uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Chimiothérapie ikoresha imiti igabanya uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe wose
• Imiti yibanda ku turemangingo twa kanseri igaba ibintu byihariye by'uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Immunothérapie kugira ngo ifashe ubudahangarwa bwawe guhangana na kanseri

Abantu benshi bakira imiti ihuriweho. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa na radiotherapie, cyangwa radiotherapie ihujwe na chimiothérapie. Intego ni ukurandura kanseri mu gihe ubungabunga imikorere isanzwe uko bishoboka kose.

Kanseri y'umuhogo yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ikunda gusaba ubuvuzi buke kandi ifite umusaruro mwiza. Kanseri ikomeye ishobora gukenera uburyo bukomeye bwo kuvura, ariko abantu benshi bagera ku musaruro mwiza bafite ubuvuzi bugezweho.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakubamo abahanga batandukanye nka oncologists, ababagisha, abahanga mu kuvura radiotherapie, n'abajyanye no kwitaho nk'abahanga mu kuvuga n'abahanga mu mirire bashobora kugufasha mu rugendo rwawe rwo kuvurwa.

Uko Ugenzura Ibimenyetso mu Gihe cyo Kuvurwa Cancer y'Umuhogo

Kugengura ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ni igice cy'ingenzi cyo kwitaho. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizagutanga ubuyobozi bw'umwihariko, ariko hari uburyo butandukanye bushobora kugufasha kumva wishimye.

Kubabara mu muhogo no kugorana kurya, ibiryo byoroshye, smoothies, na soupes bishobora gutanga imirire mu gihe byoroshye kuyigenzura. Kuguma ufite amazi bihambaye, rero gerageza kunywa amazi umunsi wose cyangwa kunywa ubukonje niba amazi asanzwe ari ingorabahizi.

Ikiruhuko cy'ijwi kiba ingenzi niba ijwi ryawe rihindutse. Ibyo bisobanura kuvuga gusa igihe bibaye ngombwa no kwirinda guhumura, bishobora gutera umunaniro ku mitsi yawe ivuga kurusha kuvuga gacye.

Kugengura umunwa wumye, ingaruka isanzwe y'ubuvuzi, bishobora gufasha gukoresha ibintu by'umuti w'umunwa, kuruma iminyanya idafite isukari, cyangwa gukoresha humidifier mu cyumba cyawe. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kwandika imiti ifasha gutera imbaraga umuti w'umunwa.

Ubufasha mu mirire bukunze kuba ngombwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Umuhanga mu mirire ashobora kugufasha gutegura amafunguro atanga imirire yuzuye mu gihe uhuza ibibazo byo kurya cyangwa impinduka mu kununura ushobora guhura nazo.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ishobora Gukumirwa Gute?

Nubwo atari kanseri yose y'umuhogo ishobora gukumirwa, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe ukora amahitamo runaka y'ubuzima. Intambwe ikomeye ni ukwirinda itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, harimo isigareti, sigari, iduka, n'itabi ritavuzwe.

Kugabanya kunywa inzoga na byo bigabanya ibyago byawe, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kudanywa itabi. Niba uhisemo kunywa, kugabanya ni ingenzi. Kuri benshi mu bakuru, ibyo bisobanura inzoga imwe gusa ku munsi ku bagore n'inzoga ebyiri ku munsi ku bagabo.

Kwirinda HPV bishobora gufasha gukumira kanseri y'umuhogo ifitanye isano na HPV. Urushinge rwa HPV rusabwa abana bato kandi rushobora gutangwa kugeza ku myaka 26, rimwe na rimwe kugeza ku myaka 45 nyuma yo kuganira n'umuganga wawe.

Kugira isuku nziza y'amenyo, harimo gusuzuma amenyo n'isuku buri gihe, bishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ibyago byawe. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko isuku mbi y'amenyo ishobora gutera kanseri y'umuhogo.

Kurya indyo yuzuye mu mboga n'imbuto bitanga antioxydants n'imirire ishobora gufasha kurinda kanseri. Ibyo biribwa kandi bishyigikira ubuzima muri rusange n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Uko Wakwitegura Kugira Inama n'Umuvuzi

Kwitunganya mbere yo kugira inama bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n'umuganga wawe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse mu gihe.

Andika urutonde rw'imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, amavitamine, n'ibindi bintu byongera. Nanone, komora amakuru yerekeye amateka yawe y'ubuzima, harimo kanseri zose wari wararwaye, kuvurwa kwa radiotherapie, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango wawe wa kanseri.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubabaza umuganga wawe. Ntukabe umerewe nabi no kugira ibibazo byinshi. Ni byiza kubyandika kugira ngo utibagiwe ibibazo by'ingenzi mu gihe cy'inama.

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe wizewe mu nama. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe no gutanga inkunga mu gihe cy'uruzinduko rushobora kuba rurimo umunaniro.

Niba wajyanywe ku muhanga, komeza kuzana ibizamini byose byabanje, X-rays, cyangwa imyirondoro y'ubuvuzi ishobora kuba ifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso by'umuhogo.

Icyingenzi cyo Kumenya kuri Cancer y'Umuhogo

Cancer y'umuhogo, nubwo ari ikibazo gikomeye, ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Icyingenzi ni ukwita ku bimenyetso bikomeza kandi utabyita nk'umwijima ukomeza cyangwa allergie.

Abantu benshi batsinda kanseri y'umuhogo bagasubira mu mirimo yabo isanzwe. Uburyo bwo kuvura bwarushijeho kuba bwiza mu myaka yashize, kandi umubare w'abarokoka ukomeza kwiyongera, cyane cyane kuri kanseri imenyekanye mu ntangiriro.

Gukumira bikomeza kuba intwaro yawe nziza yo kurwanya kanseri y'umuhogo. Ukwirinda itabi, kugabanya inzoga, kugira isuku nziza y'amenyo, no gukurikirana inkingo za HPV, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe.

Wibuke ko kugira ibimenyetso bidakubwira ko ufite kanseri, ariko ibimenyetso bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri bikwiye kwitabwaho n'abaganga. Kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bitanga ibyavuye byiza, rero ntuzatinda kuvugana n'umuganga wawe ku kibazo icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Cancer y'Umuhogo

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ishobora Gukira Burundu?

Yego, kanseri y'umuhogo ikunda gukira, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Igipimo cy'abarokoka imyaka itanu kuri kanseri y'umuhogo yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ni hejuru ya 80-90% mu bihe byinshi. Nubwo kanseri zimwe na zimwe zikomeye z'umuhogo zishobora kuvurwa neza. Icyerekezo cyawe cyihariye giterwa n'ibintu nka icyiciro cya kanseri, ubwoko, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uko uhangana neza n'ubuvuzi.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ibabaza?

Cancer y'umuhogo ishobora kubabaza, ariko si cyo kimenyetso cya mbere abantu babona. Cancer y'umuhogo yo mu ntangiriro ishobora gutera ububabare buke cyangwa umuhogo ubabara uhoraho. Uko kanseri ikomeza, ububabare bushobora kugaragara cyane, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kurya. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite kanseri y'umuhogo yo mu ntangiriro bafite ububabare buke, niyo mpamvu ibindi bimenyetso nko guhindagurika kw'ijwi akenshi biba ibimenyetso byiza byo kuburira hakiri kare.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Ikwirakwira Vuba Gute?

Cancer y'umuhogo isanzwe ikura kandi ikwirakwira mu muvuduko uciriritse, akenshi mu mezi aho kuba mu byumweru. Ariko, umuvuduko ushobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri n'ibintu byihariye. Kanseri y'umuhogo ifitanye isano na HPV ishobora gukura buhoro kurusha izahabwa kunywa itabi n'inzoga. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kudatinda gushaka ubuvuzi kubera ibimenyetso bikomeza, nubwo bigaragara ko ari bito.

Ese Ushobora Kurwara Cancer y'Umuhogo kubera Gukora Imibonano Mpuzabitsina mu Kanwa?

Yego, kanseri y'umuhogo ishobora gufitanye isano n'indwara ya HPV yanduye binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa. HPV-16 na HPV-18, ubwoko bw'ibyorezo bimwe na bimwe bitera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, bishobora kandi gutera kanseri y'umuhogo. Ariko, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko atari buri wese ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa arwara kanseri y'umuhogo. Ibyago byiyongera ufite abafatanyabikorwa benshi n'ibindi bintu bimwe na bimwe. Urushinge rwa HPV rushobora gufasha kurinda ibyo bintu bitera kanseri.

Ese Cancer y'Umuhogo Yumvikana Ite Mu Ntango?

Cancer y'umuhogo yo mu ntangiriro ikunda kumera nk'umwijima ukomeza cyangwa kubabara mu muhogo bitakira. Ushobora kubona umuhogo ubabara cyangwa ubabara utakiza n'imiti isanzwe, guhindagurika kw'ijwi buke, cyangwa kumva hari ikintu kiri mu muhogo wawe. Ibyo bimenyetso akenshi biba bito mu ntangiriro kandi byoroshye kubyirengagiza, niyo mpamvu ibimenyetso byose by'umuhogo bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bibiri bikwiye gupimwa n'umuganga.