Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia ni uburwayi butuma umubare w'amaraso y'imbabura (platelets) mu maraso aba muke. Ibibyimba by'amaraso (thrombocytes) ni utunyangingo tw'amaraso tudafite ibara dufasha amaraso gukomera. Ibibyimba by'amaraso bihagarika kuva kw'amaraso binyuze mu kwishyira hamwe no gukora ibibumbano mu myanya y'amaraso yangiritse.

Thrombocytopenia ishobora kuba iterwa n'uburwayi bw'amasogwe y'amagufa nka leukemia cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri. Cyangwa ishobora kuba ingaruka y'imiti imwe n'imwe. Igira ingaruka ku bana n'abakuze.

Thrombocytopenia ishobora kuba iciriritse kandi ikaba idatera ibimenyetso byinshi cyangwa ibimenyetso. Mu bihe bitoroshye, umubare w'ibibyimba by'amaraso ushobora kuba muke cyane ku buryo kuva kw'amaraso imbere mu mubiri biba bibayeho. Hari uburyo bwo kuvura buhari.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya thrombocytopenia bishobora kuba birimo: Kugira uruhu rworoha cyangwa rworoshye kwangirika (purpura) Ukuva amaraso ku ruhu rugaragara nk'uburwayi bw'ududuka duto dutukura-umutuku (petechiae), akenshi ku birenge byo hasi Ukuva amaraso igihe kirekire mu gikomere Ukuva amaraso mu minwa cyangwa mu mazuru Amaraso mu mpiswi cyangwa mu ntebe Ibihe by'ukwezi bikabije Uburwayi Uruhago rwaguye Fata umwanya wo kubonana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bya thrombocytopenia bikubangamiye. Ukuva amaraso kudashira ni ubutabazi bw'ubuvuzi. Shaka ubufasha bw'ihutirwa ku kuva amaraso bitashobora guhagarara n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gutabara, nko gushyira igitutu ahantu hakomerekeye.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya thrombocytopenia bikubangamiye, hamagara umuganga wawe.

Umutima (sleen) ni umusemburo muto, ugereranywa n'igipfunsi cyawe. Ariko, ibintu byinshi, birimo indwara z'umwijima na kanseri zimwe na zimwe, bishobora gutuma umutima wawe ukura.

Thrombocytopenia bivuze ko ufite ibibyimba by'amaraso bike kurusha 150.000 kuri microliter imwe y'amaraso atembera. Kubera ko buri kibyimba cy'amaraso kibaho iminsi 10 gusa, umubiri wawe usana buri gihe ibintu byawe by'amaraso binyuze mu gutanga ibibyimba bishya by'amaraso mu gufwa kwawe.

Thrombocytopenia ntiragira gakondo; cyangwa ishobora guterwa n'imiti myinshi cyangwa ibibazo. Icyo ari cyo cyose cyabiteye, ibibyimba by'amaraso bitembera bigabanuka kubera imwe cyangwa irengire y'ibi bikurikira: gufunga ibibyimba by'amaraso mu mutima, kugabanuka gutanga ibibyimba by'amaraso cyangwa kwiyongera kwangirika kw'ibibyimba by'amaraso.

Umutima ni umusemburo muto, ugereranywa n'igipfunsi cyawe, uherereye hepfo gato y'umurongo w'amagongo yawe, ku ruhande rw'ibumoso bw'inda yawe. Ubusanzwe, umutima wawe ukorana n'uburwayi no gukuraho ibintu bidakenewe mu maraso yawe. Umutima munini - ushobora guterwa n'uburwayi bwinshi - ushobora kubika ibibyimba byinshi by'amaraso, bigatuma umubare w'ibibyimba by'amaraso bitembera ugabanuka.

Ibibyimba by'amaraso bikorwa mu gufwa kwawe. Ibintu bishobora kugabanya gutanga ibibyimba by'amaraso birimo:

• Leukemiya na kanseri izindi
• Ubwoko bumwe bw'anemiya
• Indwara ziterwa na virusi, nka hepatite C cyangwa HIV
• Imiti ya chimiothérapie na radiothérapie
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma umubiri wawe ukoresha cyangwa wangiza ibibyimba by'amaraso vuba kurusha uko bikorwa, bigatuma haboneka ibura ry'ibibyimba by'amaraso mu maraso yawe. Ingero z'ibyo bintu birimo:

• Gutwita. Thrombocytopenia iterwa no gutwita isanzwe iba ari ntoya kandi ikagenda vuba nyuma yo kubyara.
• Immune thrombocytopenia. Indwara ziterwa na système immunitaire, nka lupus na rhumatoïde arthritis, ziterwa n'ubwoko bwa. Système immunitaire y'umubiri itera ibibyimba by'amaraso ikabyangiza. Niba impamvu nyamukuru y'iki kibazo itazwi, bita idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ubwoko bukunze kwibasira abana.
• Udukoko mu maraso. Indwara zikomeye ziterwa na bagiteri ziri mu maraso (bacteremia) zishobora kwangiza ibibyimba by'amaraso.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Iki ni ikibazo gito kibaho iyo amaraso mato atangira gukora mu mubiri wawe, akaba akoresha umubare munini w'ibibyimba by'amaraso.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Iyi ndwara yoroheje itera igabanuka rikomeye ry'ibibyimba by'amaraso, kwangirika kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso kandi ikangiza imikorere y'impyiko.
• Imiti. Imiti imwe na imwe ishobora kugabanya umubare w'ibibyimba by'amaraso mu maraso yawe. Rimwe na rimwe imiti itera système immunitaire ikayitera kwangiza ibibyimba by'amaraso. Ingero harimo heparin, quinine, antibiotique zirimo sulfa na anticonvulsants.

Kuva kw'amaraso imbere mu mubiri bishobora kuba akaga iyo umubare w'imbabura z'amaraso (platelets) ugeze munsi ya 10,000 kuri microliter. Nubwo ari bito, thrombocytopenia ikomeye ishobora gutera kuva kw'amaraso mu bwonko, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba byica.

Ibikurikira bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya niba ufite thrombocytopenia:

• Isuzuma ry'amaraso. Igipimo cyuzuye cy'amaraso kigaragaza umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, harimo na platelets, mu kigero runaka cy'amaraso yawe.
• Isuzuma ngaruka mubuzima, harimo n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe bwite. Muganga wawe azashakisha ibimenyetso by'imvura munsi y'uruhu rwawe kandi azasoma igifu cyawe kugira ngo arebe niba umwijima wawe warabyimbye. Azakubaza kandi ibyerekeye indwara wari warwaye n'ubwoko bw'imiti n'ibindi byongerwamo wari uherutse gufata.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho ibindi bipimo n'ibikorwa kugira ngo amenye icyateye uburwayi bwawe, bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe.