Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni ibyago bikomeye cyane by’umutwe bitangira vuba cyane, bikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kanya gato ka segonda 60. Akenshi bivugwa ko aribyo byago by’umutwe bibi kurusha ibindi mu buzima bwawe, bikagutungura nk’‘inkuba’.

Mu gihe ibyago byinshi by’umutwe bigenda bitinda, ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bitandukanye kubera uburyo bitangira vuba cyane n’ubukomeye bwabyo. Bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bisaba ubufasha bw’ihutirwa, nubwo bimwe muri byo bishobora kugaragara ko bitakomeye nyuma yo gupimwa neza.

Ibimenyetso by’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe butangira vuba, bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kanya gato kamwe. Ibi ntibihuye n’ibindi byago by’umutwe bigenda bigenda bikomeza buhoro buhoro.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ibanze ugomba kwitondera:

• Ububabare bw’umutwe buhita butangira, bumva nk’aho umutwe wawe ugoswe cyangwa ugabanyijwe.
• Ubukana bw’ububabare bugera kuri 7-10 kuri urwego rwa 10 ari rwo rubi cyane.
• Ibyago by’umutwe bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kanya gato ka segonda 60.
• Ububabare bushobora gukwirakwira mu ijosi no mu bitugu.
• Isesemi no kuruka bikunze kujyana n’ububabare bw’umutwe.
• Kugira ubwoba bw’umucyo n’urusaku.
• Gucika intekerezo cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo gutekereza neza.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bw’ihutirwa harimo gukomera kw’ijosi, umuriro, guhinduka kw’ubwenge, intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibyago by’umutwe bishobora guterwa n’ikibazo gikomeye kiri inyuma.

Intandaro y’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni iyihe?

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bishobora kugira intandaro zikomeye n’izidakomeye. Uburyo butangira vuba kandi bukomeye bivuga ko ubwonko bwawe cyangwa imiyoboro y’amaraso ishobora kuba iri mu kaga.

Dore intandaro zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bw’ihutirwa:

• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko (subarachnoid hemorrhage) - kuva amaraso mu bwonko biturutse ku miyoboro y’amaraso yavunitse.
• Guturika kw’imyeyo y’amaraso mu bwonko (brain aneurysm rupture) - iyo urukuta rw’umuyoboro w’amaraso rwagize intege rukaturika.
• Igicuri cyangwa igicuri gito gifata umuguzi w’amaraso mu bwonko.
• Indwara y’inkingi zikingira ubwonko (meningitis) - kwandura kw’inkingi zikingira ubwonko.
• Igisongo cy’amaraso mu mitsi y’ubwonko (cerebral venous thrombosis).
• Kugira umuvuduko w’amaraso mwinshi cyane (hypertensive crisis).

Intandaro zidakomeye ariko zikaba zikomeye harimo migraine zikomeye, ibyago by’umutwe biterwa no gukoresha imiti cyane, cyangwa ibyago by’umutwe byo gukomera kw’imitsi bifite isura idasanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe, abaganga ntibashobora kubona intandaro runaka nubwo bapimye neza, ibyo bikaba byitwa ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bya mbere.

Intandaro zidashimishije zishobora kuba harimo uburibwe bw’ubwonko, indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyangwa ingaruka z’imiti runaka. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibishoboka byose mu gihe cyo gupima.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba?

Ugomba gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga bahise mu gihe ubonye ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba. Ubwo bwoko bw’ububabare bw’umutwe butangira vuba kandi bukomeye buhora busaba gupimwa vuba.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye kwa muganga vuba mu gihe ufite ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe butunguranye hamwe n’umuriro, gukomera kw’ijosi, gucika intekerezo, ibibazo by’ubwenge, intege nke, kubabara, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga. Ibi bihuza bigaragaza ibibazo bishobora guhitana ubuzima.

Ndetse n’iyo ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba byaba byonyine nta bindi bimenyetso, birakomeye kubona ubufasha bw’abaganga mu masaha make aho gutegereza iminsi. Gupima hakiri kare bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye mu buryo bwo kuvura intandaro zikomeye.

Ibyago byo kwibasirwa n’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kwibasirwa n’ibibazo biterwa n’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba. Kubyumva bigufasha kumenya urwego rw’ibyago byawe.

Ibyago bisanzwe birimo:

• Umuvuduko w’amaraso mwinshi, cyane cyane niba udasanzwe.
• Kunywisha itabi, bikangiza imiyoboro y’amaraso mu gihe kinini.
• Amateka y’umuryango w’imyeyo y’amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa igicuri.
• Imyaka irengeje 50, iyo imiyoboro y’amaraso iba idakomeye.
• Imvune z’umutwe cyangwa kubagwa mu bwonko mbere.
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z’impyiko zifata imiyoboro y’amaraso.
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, cyane cyane cocaïne cyangwa amphétamines.

Abagore bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi kuri zimwe mu ntandaro nka kuva amaraso mu bwonko, mu gihe zimwe mu ndwara z’impyiko zidashimishije zishobora kuba mu muryango. Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba, ariko ni amakuru meza ku itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni izihe?

Ingaruka ziterwa n’icyo gitera ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba. Niba biterwa n’ikibazo gikomeye nko kuva amaraso mu bwonko, kuvura bitinze bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye.

Ingaruka zikomeye zishoboka harimo:

• Kwangirika burundu kw’ubwonko kubera kubura umwuka cyangwa umuvuduko.
• Igicuri gifite intege nke ziramba cyangwa ibibazo byo kuvuga.
• Gukama mu gihe imisemburo y’ubwonko iba yarakaye.
• Koma mu bihe bikomeye bifite umuvuduko mwinshi mu bwonko.
• Urupfu niba ibibazo bikomeye bitavuwe vuba.

Ariko, iyo ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bipimwe vuba kandi bikavurwa uko bikwiye, abantu benshi barakira neza. Ndetse na zimwe mu ntandaro zikomeye nko kuva amaraso make mu bwonko bishobora gukira neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icyingenzi ni ukubona ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba aho gutegereza kureba niba ibyago by’umutwe bigenda bigenda bigabanuka.

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bipimwa bite?

Gupima ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bisaba gupimwa vuba n’abaganga kugira ngo habeho gukumira intandaro zikomeye. Muganga wawe azakora vuba kuko igihe akenshi kiba ari ingenzi.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo amateka y’ubuzima arambuye yerekeye igihe ibyago by’umutwe byatangiye, uburyo bikomeye, n’ibindi bimenyetso urimo guhura na byo. Muganga wawe azakora isuzuma ry’ubwonko kugira ngo apime imikorere yawe, uko uhuza ibintu, n’imikorere yawe yo gutekereza.

Ibizamini by’ingenzi bikunze kuba harimo CT scan y’umutwe wawe kugira ngo urebe amaraso cyangwa ibindi bintu bidakwiye mu bwonko. Niba CT scan ari nzima ariko muganga wawe aracyahangayitse, ushobora gukenera gukora lumbar puncture (spinal tap) kugira ngo urebe amaraso cyangwa kwandura mu mazi ari hafi y’ubwonko.

Ibizamini byiyongereyeho bishobora kuba harimo MRI scans kugira ngo ubone amashusho arambuye y’ubwonko, ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo urebe indwara cyangwa ibindi bibazo, rimwe na rimwe ibizamini byihariye by’imiyoboro y’amaraso. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizahitamo ibizamini hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibyago.

Ubuvuzi bw’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bugamije gukemura intandaro nyamukuru mu gihe ubukana bw’ububabare n’ibimenyetso biriho. Uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye cyane bitewe n’icyo gitera ibyago by’umutwe.

Ku ntandaro zikomeye nko kuva amaraso mu bwonko, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba harimo kubagwa vuba kugira ngo hakosorwe imiyoboro y’amaraso yangiritse, imiti yo kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso no gukumira gukama, cyangwa uburyo bwo gukura amazi y’umurengera ari hafi y’ubwonko.

Niba indwara nka meningitis ari yo ntandaro, uzabona imiti ikwiye yo kurwanya udukoko cyangwa virusi. Ku bisongo by’amaraso, imiti yo kugabanya amaraso ifasha gusubiza umuguzi w’amaraso mu buryo busanzwe.

Iyo abaganga badashobora kubona intandaro ikomeye iri inyuma, ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya ububabare hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye no gukurikirana kugira ngo nta ngaruka zatinze zigaragara. Bamwe bashobora gukenera gukora ibizamini byiyongereyeho kugira ngo barebe niba nta kintu cyabuze mu ntangiriro.

Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizategura gahunda y’ubuvuzi ihuye n’umwanya wawe n’ibisubizo by’ibizamini.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo mu gihe cyo gupima ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba

Icy’ingenzi cyane ni ukumva ko ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bisaba gupimwa vuba n’abaganga. Ubuvuzi bw’i mu rugo ntibugomba gusimbura ubufasha bw’abaganga bahise.

Mu gihe utegereje ubufasha bw’ihutirwa cyangwa mu gihe ujyanwa kwa muganga, gerageza kuguma utuje uko bishoboka kose kandi wirinde ibikorwa bishobora kongera umuvuduko mu mutwe wawe nko gukomanga, gukorora cyane, cyangwa imyanya idatunganye.

Hagira umuntu uba kumwe nawe niba bishoboka, kandi ntujye kwa muganga wenyine. Kora inyandiko y’impinduka zose mu bimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ubishyikirize abakozi b’ubuvuzi.

Nyuma yo gupimwa, kurikiza amabwiriza y’umuganga wawe ku miti yanditswe cyangwa ku mipaka y’ibikorwa. Bamwe bashobora gukenera kwirinda ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imiti mu gihe ubuzima bwabo buri gukurikiranwa.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kubera ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba, ushobora kubonwa mu bitaro aho kuba ufite gahunda. Ariko, kwitegura bishobora gufasha abakozi b’ubuvuzi kukupima neza.

Gerageza kwibuka neza igihe ibyago by’umutwe byatangiye, uburyo byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru vuba, n’icyo wakoraga ibyo bitangira. Aya makuru y’igihe ni ingenzi mu gupima.

Niba bishoboka, zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi. Nanone, gerageza kwibuka indwara, imvune, cyangwa ibibazo bitunguranye bishobora kuba bifitanye isano.

Kugira amakuru y’abantu bakwitaho mu gihe cy’ubuhangayikazi bifasha abakozi b’ubuvuzi kugera ku bantu bo mu muryango niba bibaye ngombwa. Niba ufite amateka y’ubuvuzi yerekeye ibyago by’umutwe cyangwa ibibazo by’ubwonko, uzanye niba igihe kibikwemerera.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku byago by’umutwe nk’inkuba

Icy’ingenzi cyane ni ukwibuka ko ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bihora bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga bahise. Uburyo butangira vuba kandi bukomeye bushobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Nubwo atari ibyago byose by’umutwe nk’inkuba biterwa n’ikintu gishobora guhitana ubuzima, uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza ni ugupimwa neza n’abaganga. Igikorwa cyihuse gishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro hagati y’ibyiza n’ibibi ku ntandaro zikomeye.

Ntugerageze kubihanganira cyangwa gutegereza kureba niba ibyago by’umutwe bigenda bigabanuka. Izera ubwenge bwawe - niba ibyago by’umutwe bigaragara bitandukanye cyane kandi bikomeye kurusha ibyo wahuye na byo mbere, shaka ubufasha bw’ihutirwa vuba.

Hamwe no kwitabwaho n’abaganga vuba kandi ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bafite ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba barakira neza, ndetse n’iyo haboneka ibibazo bikomeye biri inyuma.

Ibibazo byakundaga kubaho ku byago by’umutwe nk’inkuba

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bishobora gukumirwa?

Zimwe mu ntandaro z’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba zishobora gucungwa hakoreshejwe imibereho myiza. Gucunga umuvuduko w’amaraso mwinshi, kwirinda kunywisha itabi, no kugabanya inzoga bishobora kugabanya ibyago by’ibibazo biterwa n’ibyo byago by’umutwe bikomeye.

Ariko, intandaro nyinshi nko kuba ufite ibyago by’imyeyo y’amaraso mu bwonko ntibishobora gukumirwa. Gusuzuma buri gihe n’abaganga bifasha kumenya no gucunga ibyago mbere y’uko bitera ibibazo bikomeye.

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba biramara igihe kingana iki?

Ububabare bukomeye bw’ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba busanzwe bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kanya gato kamwe, ariko igihe kirahinduka bitewe n’intandaro. Bimwe bishobora kumara amasaha mu gihe ibindi bikaguma iminsi kugeza igihe ikibazo kiri inyuma kivuwe.

Icy’ingenzi ni uko bitamara igihe kingana iki, ahubwo ni ukubona gupimwa n’abaganga vuba iyo ububabare butunguranye bukomeye buhita butangira.

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba ni kimwe na migraine?

Ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bitandukanye na migraine zisanzwe mu buryo butangira vuba kandi bukomeye. Mu gihe migraine zikomeye zishobora rimwe na rimwe kugaragara muri ubwo buryo, migraine nyinshi zigenda zikomeza buhoro buhoro mu masaha.

Itandukaniro nyamukuru ni igihe - ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bigera ku bubabare bwo hejuru mu segonda 60, mu gihe migraine isanzwe itera buhoro buhoro ifite ibimenyetso by’ibanze.

Umuvuduko ushobora gutera ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba?

Mu gihe umuvuduko ushobora gutera ibyago byinshi by’umutwe, ntabwo akenshi utera ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba bifite isura yabyo isanzwe yo gutangira vuba kandi bikomeye. Ariko, umuvuduko ukomeye ushobora gutera umuvuduko w’amaraso mwinshi, ari wo ntandaro y’ibibazo bikomeye bimwe na bimwe.

Niba uhuye n’ububabare bukomeye bw’umutwe butunguranye mu bihe by’umuvuduko, biracyakenera gupimwa vuba n’abaganga kugira ngo habeho gukumira intandaro zikomeye.

Ndagomba gukora iki niba hari umuntu uri hafi yanjye ufite ibyago by’umutwe nk’inkuba?

Hamagara ubufasha bw’ihutirwa vuba kandi uba kumwe n’uwo muntu kugeza igihe ubufasha bugeze.

Muhe ubufasha kuguma utuje kandi yoroshye, andika igihe ibyago by’umutwe byatangiye, kandi urebe impinduka zose mu mimerere ye nko gucika intekerezo, intege nke, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga kugira ngo ubishyikirize abaganga.