Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima itera iyo utunyangingo two mu gifu cy'umwijima twakura mu buryo budasanzwe tugakora udukoko. Umuwijima ni igice gito cy'umubiri gifite ishusho y'inyoni, kiri mu ijosi, gikora imisemburo igenga uburyo umubiri wakoresha imbaraga.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kanser nyinshi zo mu gifu cy'umwijima zikura buhoro kandi zigakira neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Abantu benshi barwaye kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ni iki?

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ibaho iyo utunyangingo dusanzwe two mu gifu cy'umwijima duhinduka tukavuka mu buryo butagira imipaka. Utunyangingo tudasanzwe dushobora gukora ibice by'umubiri bitwa udukoko cyangwa uduheri mu gifu cy'umwijima.

Umuwijima uba hasi y'ijosi, munsi y'agakoko k'ijosi. Iki gice gito gikora imisemburo igenga umuvuduko w'amaraso, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, n'uburyo umubiri wakoresha imbaraga.

Kanser nyinshi zo mu gifu cy'umwijima zirarwanywa neza, cyane cyane iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Ibyago byo gukira biratera icyizere, aho ubwoko bwinshi bufite ibyago byo gukira birenga 95% iyo byafashwe kandi bikavurwa vuba.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Hari ubwoko bune nyamukuru bwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima, buri bwoko bugira imikorere itandukanye kandi bukeneye uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvurwa. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwawe bifasha muganga wawe gutegura gahunda nziza yo kuvura.

Kanser ya papillary ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ni yo yamenyekanye cyane, igize hafi 80% by'ibyorezo byose. Ikura buhoro kandi isanzwe iba mu gifu cy'umwijima. Ubu bwoko bukira neza kandi bufite ibyago byo gukira byiza.

Kanser ya follicular ya mu gifu cy'umwijima igize hafi 10-15% by'ibyorezo. Ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri binyuze mu maraso, ariko ikomeza gukira neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare.

Kanser ya medullary ya mu gifu cy'umwijima itera mu tunyangingo dutandukanye twitwa utunyangingo twa C dukora imisemburo yitwa calcitonin. Hafi 25% by'ibi byorezo biba mu miryango, naho ibindi biba mu buryo butunguranye.

Kanser ya anaplastic ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ni yo nke kandi ikomeye, igira ingaruka ku bantu bake cyane kurusha 2% barwaye kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima. Ikura kandi ikwirakwira vuba, bityo kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bikaba ari ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima iba hakiri kare akenshi ntabimenyetso bigaragara, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma buri gihe ari ingenzi. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi biba bifitanye isano n'impinduka mu gice cy'ijosi.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi byo kwitondera:

• Igice cyangwa kubyimba mu ijosi ushobora kumva
• Kubabara mu ijosi cyangwa mu mazuru bidakira
• Guhindagurika kw'ijwi cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ijwi bidashira
• Kugorana kw'umunwa cyangwa guhumeka
• Inkorora idashira idafitanye isano na grippe
• Udukoko twabyimbye mu ijosi

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kandi guterwa n'ibibazo bitari kanser nka udukoko two mu gifu cy'umwijima cyangwa indwara.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ishobora gutera ibimenyetso byinshi nko kugabanuka kw'uburemere kutumvikana, umunaniro, cyangwa guhindagurika mu ijwi. Niba ubona ibimenyetso byinshi muri ibi bikomeza ibyumweru birenga bike, birakwiye kubiganiraho na muganga wawe.

Ni iki gitera kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Intandaro nyakuri ya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ntiyumvikana neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byawe. Ibyorezo byinshi biba iyo impinduka zo mu mbaraga ziba mu tunyangingo two mu gifu cy'umwijima mu gihe.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora gutera kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima:

• Kuba hafi y'imirasire: Kuvurwa kw'imirasire mbere mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi, cyane cyane mu bwana
• Ibintu by'umurage: Impinduka zo mu mbaraga zikomoka ku miryango
• Uruhare rwa iyode: Iyode nyinshi cyangwa nke mu mirire yawe
• Indwara z'umwijima mbere: Kugira udukoko two mu gifu cy'umwijima cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umwijima
• Ingaruka z'imisemburo: Imisemburo y'imyororokere, cyane cyane mu bagore

Ni ingenzi kumva ko kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibivuze ko uzabona kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibabona iyo ndwara, naho abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago barayibona.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ishobora kuba igice cy'indwara zikomoka ku mbaraga. Izi ndwara zikomoka ku mbaraga zigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi bo mu muryango kandi zishobora gusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gusuzuma no kwirinda.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima, nubwo kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago bitavuze ko uzabona iyo ndwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bigufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no gusuzuma no kwirinda.

Ibintu byongera ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Kuba umugore: Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi inshuro eshatu yo kurwara kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima kurusha abagabo
• Imyaka: Ibyorezo byinshi biba hagati y'imyaka 30-50, nubwo bishobora kubaho mu myaka yose
• Kuba hafi y'imirasire: Cyane cyane imirasire y'ubuvuzi mu bwana
• Amateka y'umuryango: Kugira abavandimwe barwaye kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima cyangwa zimwe mu ndwara zikomoka ku mbaraga
• Indwara z'umwijima mbere: Kugira udukoko two mu gifu cy'umwijima, udukoko two mu gifu cy'umwijima, cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umwijima
• Uruhare rwa iyode: Iyode nyinshi cyangwa nke mu mirire

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku mbaraga zongera cyane ibyago bya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima. Ibi birimo familial adenomatous polyposis, Cowden syndrome, na multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.

Ibintu byo mu kirere nko kuba hafi y'ibirunga cyangwa imirimo imwe na imwe bishobora kugira uruhare, nubwo ibimenyetso bikomeje kwiga.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Ukwiye kubona muganga wawe niba ubona impinduka zikomeza mu gice cy'ijosi cyangwa ukabona ibimenyetso bidakira mu byumweru bike. Kumenya hakiri kare byongera cyane ibyago byo gukira.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona muganga niba ufite:

• Igice kiri mu ijosi kidashira nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-3
• Guhindagurika kw'ijwi cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ijwi bidashira
• Kugorana kw'umunwa bikomeza gukura
• Kubabara mu ijosi cyangwa kubyimba bitumvikana
• Guhumeka bigoranye, cyane cyane iyo uri kuryama

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima cyangwa indwara zikomoka ku mbaraga zongera ibyago byawe, banira ibyerekeye uburyo bwo gusuzuma na muganga wawe nubwo udafite ibimenyetso.

Ntugatinye niba ubonye igice kiri mu ijosi. Udukoko twinshi two mu gifu cy'umwijima ntabwo ari kanser, ariko kubisuzuma biguha amahoro yo mu mutima kandi bikabuza kuvurwa neza niba bikenewe.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Nubwo kanser nyinshi zo mu gifu cy'umwijima zirarwanywa, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bishobora kubaho haba kubera kanser ubwayo cyangwa kubera kuvurwa. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishoboka bigufasha kwitegura no gukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi birimo:

• Kwiyamamaza kwa kanser: Kanser ikomeye ishobora gukwirakwira mu dukoko cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri
• Ibibazo by'amajwi: Imitsi iri hafi ishobora kugira ingaruka, itera guhindagurika kw'ijwi
• Guhumeka bigoranye: Udukoko dukomeye bishobora gukanda umuyoboro w'umwuka
• Kugorana kw'umunwa: Udukoko dushobora kubangamira umunwa usanzwe
• Kugira imisemburo idahwitse: Kuvurwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imisemburo y'umubiri

Ibibazo bifitanye isano no kuvurwa bisanzwe birashobora kuvurwa neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo guhindagurika kw'ijwi by'igihe gito nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa gukenera imiti isanzwe isima imisemburo.

Ibibazo bidasanzwe birimo guhindagurika kw'ijwi burundu, kugorana mu kugenzura urwego rwa calcium mu maraso, cyangwa kugaruka kwa kanser. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakukurikirana hafi kugira ngo birinde cyangwa bikemure ibyo bibazo vuba.

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima imenyekana ite?

Kumenya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima bisanzwe bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, bitangira ku isuzuma rya muganga kandi bikagenda bigera ku bipimo byihariye. Muganga wawe azakora mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo amenye niba kanser iriho n'ubwoko bwayo.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe burimo:

1. Isuzuma rya muganga: Muganga wawe yumva ijosi ryawe kugira ngo arebe udukoko cyangwa kubyimba
2. Ibisubizo by'amaraso: Suzuma urwego rw'imisemburo y'umwijima n'ibimenyetso by'udukoto
3. Ultrasound: Ikora amashusho y'umwijima wawe kugira ngo isuzuma udukoko
4. Biopsy ya fine needle: Ifata igice gito cy'umubiri kugira ngo isuzumwe muri laboratwari
5. Amashusho yongeyeho: CT cyangwa MRI scans niba kanser ikekwirwa

Biopsy ya fine needle ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyo kwemeza kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima. Ni uburyo bwihuse bukorerwa mu biro by'umuganga wawe hakoreshejwe umugozi muto kugira ngo ukure utunyangingo mu bice bikekwa.

Niba kanser imenyekanye, ibizamini byongeyeho bifasha kumenya icyiciro n'ubunini bw'indwara. Aya makuru ayobora gahunda yawe yo kuvura kandi afasha kumenya uko bizagenda.

Ni iki kivura kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Kuvura kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima biterwa n'ubwoko, ubunini, n'icyiciro cya kanser yawe, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Kanser nyinshi zo mu gifu cy'umwijima zikira neza, cyane cyane iyo zafashwe hakiri kare.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kubagwa: Gukuraho igice cyangwa gifu cy'umwijima cyose
• Ubuvuzi bwa iyode ya radioactive: Riharira utunyangingo twa kanser bisigaye nyuma yo kubagwa
• Ubuvuzi bw'imisemburo: Simbura imisemburo y'umwijima kandi ishobora guhagarika kurerera kwa kanser
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire yo hanze: ikoreshwa kubwoko bumwe cyangwa mu bihe bikomeye
• Chemotherapy: Igenewe ubwoko bukomeye budakira ubundi buvuzi
• Ubuvuzi bugamije: Imiti mishya itera utunyangingo twa kanser

Kubagwa ni uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe, kuva gukuraho udukoko gusa kugeza gukuraho gifu cy'umwijima cyose. Umuganga wawe azaganira nawe ku buryo bwiza bushingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Nyuma yo kubagwa, ushobora gukenera imiti isima imisemburo y'umwijima ubuzima bwawe bwose. Iyi miti isima imisemburo umwijima wawe usanzwe ukora kandi ifasha kwirinda kugaruka kwa kanser.

Uko witwara mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa bigufasha kumva neza kandi bishobora kunoza ibyavuye mu kuvurwa. Fata umwanya wo gushyigikira umubiri wawe no guhangana n'ingaruka zose uzabona.

Dore ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwita ku buzima:

• Kugendera ku gahunda y'imiti: Fata imiti isima imisemburo y'umwijima buri gihe
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Fata ibiryo bifite intungamubiri kugira ngo ushyigikire gukira
• Kunywa amazi ahagije: Nywa amazi menshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuvurwa
• Kuryama bihagije: Umubiri wawe ukeneye ibitotsi byinshi kugira ngo ukire
• Imikino myoroheje: Komereza gukora imyitozo nk'uko ubishoboye kugira ngo ukomeze imbaraga
• Guhangana n'umunaniro: Kora imyitozo yo kwiruhura cyangwa ushake ubufasha mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi

Kwitondera aho wababajwe nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo urebe niba hari ikibazo cy'ubwandu nko gutukura, kubyimba, cyangwa gutakaza amaraso. Hamagara itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi niba ubona impinduka ziteye impungenge.

Ntuzuzagira ikibazo cyo gusaba ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi mu gihe uri gukira. Kugira ubufasha bw'umuryango n'inshuti bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira.

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ishobora kwirindwa ite?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima yose, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byawe no kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare. Fata umwanya wo kwita ku bintu ushobora kugenzura ugahora uzi ibyago byawe.

Ingamba zo kwirinda zirimo:

• Kugabanya kuba hafi y'imirasire: Irinde amashusho y'ubuvuzi adakenewe, cyane cyane ku bana
• Kugira urwego rwiza rwa iyode: Koresha umunyu ufite iyode kandi urye indyo yuzuye
• Gusuzuma buri gihe: Gukora isuzuma rya buri gihe ririmo isuzuma ry'ijosi
• Kumenya amateka y'umuryango: Banira ibyago by'umurage na muganga wawe
• Kwisuzuma: Menya uko wisuzumira ijosi kugira ngo urebe udukoko cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango ukomeye wa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima, ubufasha mu bijyanye n'umurage bushobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma. Bamwe mu bantu bafite impinduka zo mu mbaraga zikomoka ku miryango bagira inyungu mu kubagwa kwirinda.

Kuba mu turere dufite iyode ihagije mu biribwa bisanzwe bitanga urwego rukwiye rwa iyode. Ibihugu byinshi biteye imbere bifite iyode ihagije binyuze mu munyu ufite iyode n'ibindi bisohoka.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kubona muganga?

Kwitwara neza mu gihe cyo kubona muganga bigufasha kubona ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe na muganga kandi bikabuza kuganira ku bibazo byawe byose. Kwitegura neza kandi bifasha muganga wawe gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza.

Mbere yo kubona muganga:

• Andika ibimenyetso byawe: Andika igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse
• Andika imiti yawe: Harimo ibintu byongera imbaraga n'imiti igurwa mu maduka
• Kumenya amateka y'umuryango: Amakuru yerekeye abavandimwe barwaye kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima cyangwa izindi kanser
• Tegura ibibazo: Andika ibyo ushaka kumenya ku ndwara yawe
• Zana umuntu ukuri kumwe: Incuti cyangwa umuryango ashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru

Ibibazo by'ingenzi byo kubaza birimo: Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima mfite? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite? Ni izihe ngaruka z'ubuvuzi? Ibi bizagira ikihe kigero ku buzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi?

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo byinshi. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishaka ko usobanukirwa indwara yawe kandi ukumva wishimye na gahunda yawe yo kuvura.

Icy'ingenzi kuri kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima irarwanywa neza, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukutumva ubwoba ahubwo gufata ibimenyetso nk'ibintu bikomeye no gushaka ubuvuzi igihe bikenewe.

Wibuke ko kubona igice kiri mu ijosi ntibivuze ko ari kanser. Udukoko twinshi two mu gifu cy'umwijima ntabwo ari kanser, ariko kubisuzuma biguha amahoro yo mu mutima kandi bikabuza kuvurwa neza niba bikenewe.

Hamwe n'iterambere mu buvuzi no mu buryo bwo kumenya hakiri kare, ibyago bya kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima bikomeza kuzamuka. Komereza kumenya, ukore isuzuma rya buri gihe, kandi ntutinye kuganira ku bibazo byawe n'abaganga bawe.

Ibibazo byakajagajagajwe cyane kuri kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima bushobora gukira, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Kanser ya papillary na follicular ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ifite ibyago byo gukira birenga 95% iyo imenyekanye kandi ikavurwa vuba. Nubwo ubwoko bukomeye bushobora kuvurwa neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bugezweho.

Nzakenera imiti ubuzima bwanjye bwose nyuma yo kuvurwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Abantu benshi bakuweho umwijima bazakenera gufata imiti isima imisemburo y'umwijima buri munsi ubuzima bwabo bwose. Iyi miti isima imisemburo umwijima wawe usanzwe ukora kandi ifasha kwirinda kugaruka kwa kanser. Inkuru nziza ni uko iyi miti ari nta ngaruka, ikora neza, kandi ikwemerera kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Nzakenera gusuzuma buri kangahe nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Gahunda yo gusuzuma itandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanser yawe n'uburyo bwo kuvura. Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kubona muganga wawe buri mezi make kugira ngo ukore ibizamini by'amaraso n'isuzuma. Mu gihe, niba byose bigenda neza, gusura bishobora kugabanuka. Abantu benshi bakenera gusuzuma buri mwaka imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bakurikirane niba kanser itagarutse.

Nshobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima?

Rwose. Abantu benshi bagaruka mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe mu byumweru bike ku mezi make nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ushobora gukora, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gukora ingendo, no gukora byose wakoraga mbere. Impinduka nyamukuru y'igihe kirekire ni ugufata imiti isima imisemburo buri munsi, ibintu biba byoroshye mu buzima bwawe.

Kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima irazamuka mu miryango?

Nubwo kanser nyinshi zo mu gifu cy'umwijima ziba mu buryo butunguranye, hafi 5-10% zifite ibintu by'umurage. Kanser ya medullary ya mu gifu cy'umwijima ifite isano ikomeye y'umuryango, aho hafi 25% by'ibyorezo biba byarazamuwe. Niba ufite abantu benshi bo mu muryango barwaye kanser ya mu gifu cy'umwijima, ubufasha mu bijyanye n'umurage bushobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibyago byawe n'ibyo ukeneye gusuzuma.