Ibibyimba Byo Mu Githyroid

Ibibyimba byo mu githyroid ni ibice bikomeye cyangwa byuzuyemo amazi bikura mu githyroid, igice gito kiri hasi y'ijosi, hejuru gato y'igifu.

Ibibyimba byinshi byo mu githyroid nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibipimo bigaragaza. Ariko rimwe na rimwe bimwe muri ibyo bibyimba bikura bikagera aho:

• Bishobora kumva
• Bishobora kuboneka, akenshi bigaragara nk'ubwibyimba hasi y'ijosi ryawe
• Bishobora gukanda umuyoboro w'umwuka cyangwa umuyoboro w'ibiryo, bigatera guhumeka nabi cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima

Mu mubare w'ibyibyo, ibibyimba byo mu githyroid bitera hormone y'inyongera ya thyroxine, hormone isohorwa n'umusemburo wawe wa thyroid. Iyo thyroxine y'inyongera ishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo gukora cyane kwa hormone za thyroid (hyperthyroidism), nka:

• Kugabanuka k'uburemere bitateganijwe
• Gusohora ibyuya byinshi
• Kutigunga
• Ubwoba
• Gukubita k'umutima cyane cyangwa kudakora neza

Ibibyimba bike cyane byo mu githyroid ni kanseri. Ariko kumenya ibibyimba bya kanseri ntibishoboka gusa ukurikije ibimenyetso byawe. Ibibyimba byinshi bya kanseri ya thyroid bikura buhoro kandi bishobora kuba bito mugihe muganga wawe abibonye. Kanseri ya thyroid ikura vuba ni gake, kandi ibibyimba bishobora kuba binini, bikomeye, bihagaze kandi bikura vuba.

Nubwo ibice byinshi by'umwijima w'umukaya atari kanseri kandi bidatera ibibazo, saba muganga wawe gusuzuma ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose butunguranye mu ijosi ryawe, cyane cyane niba ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kwishima. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo bwa kanseri.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'abaganga niba ugira ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism, nka:

• Kugabanuka k'umubyibuho mu buryo butunguranye nubwo ubushake bwawe bwo kurya ari busanzwe cyangwa bwiyongereye
• Umutima ukomanga cyane
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuryama
• Kugira intege nke z'imitsi
• Guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba

Kandi reba muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bishobora gusobanura ko umwijima wawe utari gukora imisemburo ihagije y'umukaya (hypothyroidism), birimo:

• Kumva ubukonje
• Kumva unaniwe cyane
• Uruhu rwumye
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka
• Kugira ihungabana
• Impatwe

Uburwayi butandukanye bushobora gutera ibintu bimeze nk'amasasu mu gice cy'umwijima wawe, birimo:

• Ukwiyongera kw'umubiri usanzwe w'umwijima. Ukwiyongera kw'umubiri usanzwe w'umwijima rimwe na rimwe bita adenoma y'umwijima. Ntabwo birasobanutse impamvu ibi bibaho, ariko s'ibintu by'indwara kandi ntibifatwa nk'ibintu bikomeye keretse iyo bitera ibimenyetso bibi bitewe n'ubunini bwabyo.

  Adenoma zimwe na zimwe z'umwijima zigira uruhare mu kwishima kw'umwijima.

• Umuhondo w'umwijima. Ibibero byuzuyemo amazi (cysts) mu mwijima cyane cyane biterwa no kwangirika kw'adenoma y'umwijima. Akenshi, ibintu bikomeye bivangwa n'amazi mu muhondo w'umwijima. Umuhondo ubusanzwe ntabwo ari indwara, ariko rimwe na rimwe uba ufite ibintu bikomeye by'indwara.

• Kubabara kw'umwijima igihe kirekire. Indwara ya Hashimoto, indwara y'umwijima, ishobora gutera kubabara kw'umwijima kandi ikagira ingaruka ku gukura kw'amasasu. Ibi bikunze guhurirana no kugabanuka kw'imikorere y'umwijima.

• Goiter ifite amasasu menshi. Ijambo goiter rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyagura umwijima, gishobora guterwa no kubura iyode cyangwa indwara y'umwijima. Goiter ifite amasasu menshi irimo amasasu menshi atandukanye muri goiter, ariko impamvu yayo ntisobanutse.

• Cancer y'umwijima. Amahirwe yo kuba isasu ari cancer ni make. Ariko, isasu rinini kandi rikomeye cyangwa riteye ububabare cyangwa ibibazo ni ikintu giteye impungenge. Uzaba ushaka ko muganga akureba.

  Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara cancer y'umwijima, nko kugira amateka y'umuryango wa cancer y'umwijima cyangwa izindi ndwara zifata imisemburo ndetse no kugira amateka yo kwandura imirasire iva mu buvuzi cyangwa mu mpanuka za kirimbuzi.

• Kubura iyode. Kubura iyode mu mirire yawe rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera umwijima wawe gukura amasasu. Ariko kubura iyode ntibisanzwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho iyode ishyirwa mu munyu w'ameza n'ibindi biribwa.

Ingaruka ziterwa n'ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe bya thyroid harimo:

• Ibibazo byo kwishima cyangwa guhumeka. Ibibyimba binini cyangwa ibibyimba byinshi bya thyroid bishobora kubangamira kwishima cyangwa guhumeka.

• Hyperthyroidism. Ibibazo bishobora kubaho iyo kibyimba cyangwa ibibyimba bya thyroid bikora hormone ya thyroid, bigatuma haboneka hormone nyinshi mu mubiri. Hyperthyroidism ishobora gutera igihombo cy'uburemere, intege nke z'imikaya, kudakunda ubushyuhe, no guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba.

  Ingaruka zishoboka za hyperthyroidism harimo gutera kw'umutima, amagufa adakomeye na thyrotoxic crisis, ikibazo gito ariko gishobora guhitana umuntu, cyane cyane izindi n'ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

• Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuganga bwo kubaga ibibyimba bya thyroid. Niba muganga wawe akugira inama yo kubagwa kugira ngo bakureho kibyimba, ushobora kuzaba ukeneye gufata imiti isubiza hormone ya thyroid ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Mu gusuzuma umunyege cyangwa igisebe kiri mu ijosi ryawe, kimwe mu byo muganga wawe agomba gukora ni ukwemeza ko nta kanseri iriho. Ariko kandi, muganga wawe azashaka kumenya niba iyi thyroid yawe ikora neza. Ibizamini birimo:

Isuzuma ngaramukama. Muganga wawe ashobora kukusaba kurya igihe akureba iyi thyroid yawe kuko umunyege uri muri iyi gland ya thyroid ubusanzwe uzamuka kandi amanuka igihe uri kurya.

Muganga wawe azareba kandi ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism, nka guhindagurika, imikurire idakora neza, n'umutima ukubita cyane cyangwa udakora neza. Azareba kandi ibimenyetso bya hypothyroidism, nko kugira umutima ukubita buhoro, uruhu rwumye no kubyimba mu maso.

Biopsie ikoresheje igikoresho gito cyane. Umunyege ukunze gukorwaho biopsie kugira ngo harebwe ko nta kanseri iriho. Muri ubu buryo, muganga wawe ashyira igikoresho gito cyane mu munyege akakuramo igice cy'uturemangingo.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorerwa mu biro by'umuganga, bifata iminota 20 kandi nta kaga gafite. Akenshi, muganga wawe azakoresha ultrasound kugira ngo afashe gushyira igikoresho neza. Muganga wawe nyuma azohereza ibyavuye mu isuzuma muri laboratwari kugira ngo bisuzumwe hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi.

Iskaneri ya thyroid. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora iskaneri ya thyroid kugira ngo afashe gusuzuma ibibyimba bya thyroid. Muri iki kizami, isotope ya iyode ya radioactive ishyirwa mu mubiri mu gice cy'amaboko. Ubundi urashyirwa ku meza mu gihe kamera yihariye ikora ishusho ya thyroid yawe kuri ecran ya mudasobwa.

Ibibyimba bikora hormone nyinshi ya thyroid-izwi nka hot nodules-bigaragara kuri iyi scan kuko bifata isotope nyinshi kurusha uko imyanya isanzwe ya thyroid ibikora. Hot nodules akenshi ntabwo ari kanseri.

Mu mubare w'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ibibyimba bifata isotope nke-izwi nka cold nodules-ni kanseri. Ariko kandi, iskaneri ya thyroid ntishobora gutandukanya cold nodules ari kanseri n'izindi zitarimo kanseri.

• Isuzuma ngaramukama. Muganga wawe ashobora kukusaba kurya igihe akureba iyi thyroid yawe kuko umunyege uri muri iyi gland ya thyroid ubusanzwe uzamuka kandi amanuka igihe uri kurya.

Muganga wawe azareba kandi ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism, nka guhindagurika, imikurire idakora neza, n'umutima ukubita cyane cyangwa udakora neza. Azareba kandi ibimenyetso bya hypothyroidism, nko kugira umutima ukubita buhoro, uruhu rwumye no kubyimba mu maso.

• Ibizamini byo gusuzuma imikorere ya thyroid. Ibizamini bipima urugero rw'imisemburo ya thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) n'imisemburo ikorwa na iyi gland yawe bishobora kwerekana niba ufite hyperthyroidism cyangwa hypothyroidism.
• Ultrasound. Ubu buryo bwo kubona ishusho bukoresha amajwi y'umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo bukore ishusho y'iyi gland yawe ya thyroid. Ultrasound ya thyroid itanga amakuru meza yerekeye imiterere n'imiterere y'ibibyimba. Abaganga bashobora kuyikoresha gutandukanya ibibyimba byuzuye amazi n'ibibyimba bikomeye cyangwa kumenya niba hari ibibyimba byinshi. Abaganga bashobora kuyikoresha nk'umuyobozi mu gukora biopsie ikoresheje igikoresho gito cyane.
• Biopsie ikoresheje igikoresho gito cyane. Umunyege ukunze gukorwaho biopsie kugira ngo harebwe ko nta kanseri iriho. Muri ubu buryo, muganga wawe ashyira igikoresho gito cyane mu munyege akakuramo igice cy'uturemangingo.

Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorerwa mu biro by'umuganga, bifata iminota 20 kandi nta kaga gafite. Akenshi, muganga wawe azakoresha ultrasound kugira ngo afashe gushyira igikoresho neza. Muganga wawe nyuma azohereza ibyavuye mu isuzuma muri laboratwari kugira ngo bisuzumwe hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi.

• Iskaneri ya thyroid. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora iskaneri ya thyroid kugira ngo afashe gusuzuma ibibyimba bya thyroid. Muri iki kizami, isotope ya iyode ya radioactive ishyirwa mu mubiri mu gice cy'amaboko. Ubundi urashyirwa ku meza mu gihe kamera yihariye ikora ishusho ya thyroid yawe kuri ecran ya mudasobwa.

Ibibyimba bikora hormone nyinshi ya thyroid-izwi nka hot nodules-bigaragara kuri iyi scan kuko bifata isotope nyinshi kurusha uko imyanya isanzwe ya thyroid ibikora. Hot nodules akenshi ntabwo ari kanseri.

Mu mubare w'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ibibyimba bifata isotope nke-izwi nka cold nodules-ni kanseri. Ariko kandi, iskaneri ya thyroid ntishobora gutandukanya cold nodules ari kanseri n'izindi zitarimo kanseri.

Ubuvuzi biterwa n'ubwoko bwa nodule ya thyroid ufite.

Niba nodule ya thyroid atari kanseri, uburyo bwo kuvura harimo:

Gutegereza no kureba. Niba biopsy igaragaza ko ufite nodule ya thyroid idakomeretsa, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho gukurikirana uko uhagaze gusa.

Ibi bisanzwe bivuze kugira isuzuma ry'umubiri n'ibizamini bya thyroid function mu gihe runaka. Bishobora kandi kuba harimo ultrasound. Urashobora kandi gukora indi biopsy niba nodule ikura. Niba nodule ya thyroid itari kanseri igumye itahindutse, ushobora kutazigera ukeneye kuvurwa.

Niba nodule ya thyroid ikora imisemburo ya thyroid, ikarenga urugero rusanzwe rw'imisemburo ya thyroid, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho kuvura hyperthyroidism. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

Ubuvuzi bwa nodule ari kanseri busanzwe burimo kubaga.

Kubaga. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa nodule ari kanseri ni ukukuraho. Mu gihe cyahise, byari bisanzwe gukuraho igice kinini cy'umubiri wa thyroid - uburyo bwitwa near-total thyroidectomy. Ariko, ubu kubaga guke kugira ngo hakurweho kimwe cya kabiri cya thyroid bishobora kuba bikwiriye kuri zimwe muri nodule ari kanseri. Near-total thyroidectomy ishobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara.

Ibyago byo kubaga thyroid birimo kwangiza umutsi ugenzura amajwi yawe no kwangiza imisemburo ya parathyroid - imisemburo ine mito iri inyuma ya thyroid ifasha kugenzura urugero rw'imyunyu y'umubiri, nka calcium.

Nyuma yo kubagwa thyroid, uzakenera kuvurwa ubuzima bwawe bwose hamwe na levothyroxine kugira ngo umubiri wawe ubone imisemburo ya thyroid. Inzobere yawe ya thyroid izagufasha kumenya umwanya ukwiye gufata kuko bishobora gusaba ibirenze ibyo gusimbuza imisemburo kugira ngo ugenzure ibyago bya kanseri.

• Gutegereza no kureba. Niba biopsy igaragaza ko ufite nodule ya thyroid idakomeretsa, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho gukurikirana uko uhagaze gusa.

  Ibi bisanzwe bivuze kugira isuzuma ry'umubiri n'ibizamini bya thyroid function mu gihe runaka. Bishobora kandi kuba harimo ultrasound. Urashobora kandi gukora indi biopsy niba nodule ikura. Niba nodule ya thyroid itari kanseri igumye itahindutse, ushobora kutazigera ukeneye kuvurwa.

• Ubuvuzi bw'imisemburo ya thyroid. Niba ibizamini byawe bya thyroid bigaragaza ko gland yawe idakora imisemburo ya thyroid ihagije, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho ubuvuzi bw'imisemburo ya thyroid.

• Kubaga. Nodule idakomeretsa rimwe na rimwe ishobora gusaba kubaga niba ari nini cyane ku buryo bigoye guhumeka cyangwa gutuma. Abaganga bashobora kandi gutekereza kubaga abantu bafite goiters nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo goiters zifunga inzira z'umwuka, esofage cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso. Nodules zimenyekanye nk'izidashidikanywaho cyangwa zikekwa na biopsy nazo zikenera gukurwaho, kugira ngo zisuzumwe niba hari ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

• Iodine ya radioactive. Abaganga bakoresha iodine ya radioactive kuvura hyperthyroidism. Ifatwa nk'ikapu cyangwa mu buryo bwa liquide, iodine ya radioactive ifatwa na gland yawe ya thyroid. Ibi bituma nodule zigabanuka kandi ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism bigabanuka, bisanzwe mu mezi abiri cyangwa atatu.

• Imiti yo kurwanya thyroid. Mu bimwe mu bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho imiti yo kurwanya thyroid nka methimazole (Tapazole) kugira ngo agabanye ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burambye kandi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mwijima wawe, bityo ni ngombwa kuganira ku byago n'inyungu z'ubuvuzi na muganga wawe.

• Kubaga. Niba ubuvuzi hamwe na iodine ya radioactive cyangwa imiti yo kurwanya thyroid atari amahitamo, ushobora kuba umukandida wo kubagwa kugira ngo ukureho nodule ya thyroid ikora cyane. Urashobora kuganira ku byago byo kubaga na muganga wawe.

• Kureba. Kanseri nto cyane ifite ibyago bike byo gukura, bityo bishobora kuba bikwiriye ko muganga wawe akurikirana nodule ari kanseri mbere yo kuyivura. Iki cyemezo kenshi gikorwa hamwe n'inzobere ya thyroid. Kureba birimo gukurikirana ultrasound no gukora ibizamini by'amaraso.

• Kubaga. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa nodule ari kanseri ni ukukuraho. Mu gihe cyahise, byari bisanzwe gukuraho igice kinini cy'umubiri wa thyroid - uburyo bwitwa near-total thyroidectomy. Ariko, ubu kubaga guke kugira ngo hakurweho kimwe cya kabiri cya thyroid bishobora kuba bikwiriye kuri zimwe muri nodule ari kanseri. Near-total thyroidectomy ishobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara.

  Ibyago byo kubaga thyroid birimo kwangiza umutsi ugenzura amajwi yawe no kwangiza imisemburo ya parathyroid - imisemburo ine mito iri inyuma ya thyroid ifasha kugenzura urugero rw'imyunyu y'umubiri, nka calcium.

  Nyuma yo kubagwa thyroid, uzakenera kuvurwa ubuzima bwawe bwose hamwe na levothyroxine kugira ngo umubiri wawe ubone imisemburo ya thyroid. Inzobere yawe ya thyroid izagufasha kumenya umwanya ukwiriye gufata kuko bishobora gusaba ibirenze ibyo gusimbuza imisemburo kugira ngo ugenzure ibyago bya kanseri.

• Alcohol ablation. Ikindi kintu cyo gucunga zimwe muri nodule nto ari kanseri ni alcohol ablation. Ubu buryo burimo gutera umwanya muto w'inzoga muri nodule ya thyroid ari kanseri kugira ngo uyisenye. Akenshi biba ngombwa gukora ubuvuzi inshuro nyinshi.