Ese Cancer y’Umuhogo Ni Iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu n’Ubuvuzi

Cancer y’umuhogo ni ubwoko bwa kanseri itera mu mubiri w’umuhogo wawe, ari wo uturemangingo dufite ishusho y’igi yiri inyuma y’umunwa wawe. Iyi ndwara iri mu bwoko bwa kanseri ziterera mu mutwe no mu ijosi, cyane cyane kanseri y’umunwa.

Nubwo kumva ibya kanseri ibyo ari byo byose bishobora gutera ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko kanseri y’umuhogo ikunda kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze nyuma yo kuvurwa. Gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo uzakira.

Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri y’Umuhogo ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y’umuhogo bishobora kuba bito kandi bishobora kumera nk’ibibazo bisanzwe by’umunwa warigeze kugira. Ariko, itandukaniro nyamukuru ni uko ibi bimenyetso bikunda gukomeza kandi bigakomeza kwiyongera uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Uburwayi bw’umunwa buhoraho budakira n’ubuvuzi busanzwe
• Kugorana cyangwa kubabara mu gutema ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa
• Umuhengeri cyangwa ikibyimba kigaragara mu ijosi wawe ushobora kumva
• Impinduka mu ijwi ryawe, nko gucika cyangwa guhindagurika
• Kubabara amatwi bitajyanye n’indwara y’amatwi
• Impumuro mbi y’umunwa idakira n’isuku y’amenyo
• Agatsiko k’umweru cyangwa itukura ku muhogo wawe kadakira

Ibimenyetso bitagenda bibaho ariko bishoboka birimo kugabanuka k’uburemere bitazwi, inkorora ihoraho, cyangwa kumva hari ikintu gifunze mu munwa wawe. Bamwe mu bantu bagira n’kuva amaraso mu kanwa cyangwa mu munwa, nubwo ibi bidahagaragara cyane mu ntangiriro.

Icyatuma kanseri y’umuhogo iba ikibazo ni uko byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bishobora kumera nk’izindi ndwara zisanzwe nka strep throat cyangwa tonsillitis. Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni ukwihangana - niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri bitavuwe, birakwiye kubimenyesha umuganga.

Ubwoko bwa Kanseri y’Umuhogo ni ubuhe?

Kanseri y’umuhogo isobanurwa ahanini hashingiwe ku bwoko bw’uturemangingo kanseri itangiriramo. Ubwoko busanzwe ni kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous, igize hafi 90% bya kanseri zose z’umuhogo.

Kanseri y’uturemangingo twa squamous itera mu turemangingo duto, dufite imiterere y’igitambaro, duherereye ku mubiri w’umuhogo wawe. Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri bushobora kongera gusobanurwa muburyo bubiri bushingiye ku cyayiteye. Kanseri y’umuhogo ifite HPV ifitanye isano na virusi ya papillomavirus y’umuntu kandi ikunda kuvurwa neza. Kanseri zidafite HPV zikunda kuba zifitanye isano no kunywa itabi n’inzoga.

Ubwoko budakunze kugaragara harimo lymphoma, itera mu turemangingo dukingira umubiri muri tisi y’umuhogo. Ibi bigize igipimo gito cya kanseri y’umuhogo ariko bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Gake cyane, izindi kanseri nka sarcomas cyangwa kanseri nto z’ibirungo by’amashyira biterwa mu gace k’umuhogo.

Ese Cancer y’Umuhogo iterwa n’iki?

Kanseri y’umuhogo itera iyo uturemangingo dusanzwe mu mubiri w’umuhogo wawe uhinduka muri ADN yabyo, bikaba byatera gukura bidakurikije uko bikwiye. Nubwo tutabuze kumenya impamvu ibi bibaho kuri umuntu kandi bikaba bitabayeho ku wundi, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago.

Impamvu ikomeye mu myaka ya vuba aha ni ubwandu bwa virusi ya papillomavirus y’umuntu (HPV), cyane cyane HPV-16. Iyi virusi yandura mu mibonano mpuzabitsina imaze kuba impamvu ikomeye ya kanseri y’umuhogo, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri y’umuhogo ifitanye isano na HPV ikunda kugira umusaruro mwiza mu kuvurwa.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bikomeje kuba ingenzi birimo:

• Kunywesha itabi igihe kirekire muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose (sigarette, sigare, itabi ryo gutema)
• Kunywesha inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo ifatanije n’itabi
• Imyaka, aho abenshi barwara iyo bamaze imyaka irenga 50
• Kuba umugabo (abagabo bafite ibyago byinshi inshuro 3-4 kurusha abagore)
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo n’ubuzima bw’amenyo

Bimwe mu bintu bitakunze kugaragara birimo kwandura ibintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imirasire, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, ndetse no kuba hari indwara mu muryango. Ariko rero, ni ingenzi kumva ko kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri - abantu benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibabona iyo ndwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga ufite ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’umuhogo?

Ukwiye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by’umunwa bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri bitavuwe. Iki gihe ni ingenzi kuko indwara nyinshi zisanzwe z’umunwa n’uburyo bwo kubabara bikira muri icyo gihe.

Tegura gahunda vuba niba ubona uburwayi bw’umunwa buhoraho bujyanye no kugorana mu gutema, cyane cyane niba ufite ububabare bw’amatwi cyangwa ikibyimba mu ijosi. Iyi mimerere y’ibimenyetso isaba isuzuma ry’umuganga nubwo isa nkeya.

Shaka ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite ibibazo bikomeye mu gutema bikubuza kurya cyangwa kunywa, kugorana mu guhumeka, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu kanwa cyangwa mu munwa. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bitakunze kugaragara, bisaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Ntugatinye kujya kwa muganga nubwo utari wizeye niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye. Abaganga bakunda gusuzuma ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitari ikibazo kuruta kubura uburyo bwo kubona indwara hakiri kare no kuvurwa.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y’umuhogo ni ibihe?

Gusobanukirwa ibintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe no kumenya igihe ukwiye kuba maso ku bimenyetso. Ariko, ibuka ko kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibihamya ko uzabona kanseri, kandi bamwe mu bantu badafite ibintu byongera ibyago bizwi barayibona.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Ubwandu bwa HPV, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa HPV-16 na HPV-18
• Kunywesha itabi muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, harimo kunywa itabi no gutema itabi
• Kunywesha inzoga nyinshi (inzoga zirenga 3-4 kumunsi)
• Kuba umugabo kandi ufite imyaka irenga 50
• Kugira abantu benshi bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina (byongera ibyago byo kwandura HPV)
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo n’indwara z’umunwa
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buterwa n’indwara cyangwa imiti

Bimwe mu bintu bishobora kongera ibyago gato birimo indyo ikennye mu mboga n’imbuto, kwandura imirasire mu mutwe no mu ijosi, ndetse n’ibibazo bimwe by’indwara mu muryango. Aho umuntu atuye bishobora kugira uruhare, aho usanga abantu benshi barwara mu duce tumwe na tumwe bitewe n’imibereho.

Ni ingenzi kuzirikana ko ibintu byongera ibyago bya kanseri y’umuhogo byagiye bihinduka. Nubwo ibintu bisanzwe nko kunywa itabi n’inzoga bikomeje kuba ingenzi, indwara zifitanye isano na HPV ziri kwiyongera, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, abantu batanywa itabi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za kanseri y’umuhogo ni izihe?

Iyo kanseri y’umuhogo imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa uko bikwiye, abantu benshi bagira umusaruro mwiza nta ngaruka nyinshi z’igihe kirekire. Ariko, kimwe n’izindi ndwara zikomeye, hashobora kubaho ingaruka zituruka kuri kanseri ubwayo cyangwa ku kuvurwa.

Ingaruka zituruka ku kanseri y’umuhogo idavuwe cyangwa ikomeye zishobora kuba:

• Ikwirakwira mu uturemangingo twa lymph nodes mu ijosi
• Ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umunwa, ururimi, cyangwa akanwa
• Kugorana mu kurya, gutema, cyangwa kuvuga
• Ububabare buhoraho mu munwa, ijosi, cyangwa amatwi
• Kugorana mu guhumeka niba ikibyimba cyakomeye
• Ibibazo by’imirire bitewe no kugorana mu kurya

Ingaruka ziterwa no kuvurwa zishobora kuba impinduka z’igihe gito cyangwa igihe kirekire mu kuvuga, kugorana mu gutema, umunwa wumye, ibibazo by’amenyo, n’ububabare mu ijosi buterwa na opératio cyangwa imirasire. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira umunaniro, impinduka z’uruhu, cyangwa ibibazo by’amarangamutima mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi ziterwa no kuvurwa zikira uko iminsi igenda ishira, kandi serivisi zo kuvugurura ubuzima zishobora kugufasha kumenyera impinduka zihoraho. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakorana nawe kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka kandi bagufashe gukira muri uwo mujyo wose.

Ese Cancer y’Umuhogo ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utabuza burundu ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’umuhogo, hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe. Byinshi muri ibyo bintu byongera ubuzima bwawe muburyo bwinshi.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda burimo kubona urukingo rwa HPV niba ubikwiye. Urwo rukingo rukora neza iyo rutanzwe mbere yo kwandura virusi, ubusanzwe rusabwa abana bakiri bato, ariko rushobora kugira akamaro ku bantu bakuru kugeza ku myaka 45 mubihe bimwe na bimwe.

Impinduka mu mibereho zishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago birimo:

• Kwirinda itabi muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, cyangwa kureka kunywa niba ukinywa
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga ku rugero rwiza
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y’umutekano kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura HPV
• Kugira isuku nziza y’amenyo no gukaraba amenyo buri gihe
• Kurya indyo yuzuye imboga n’imbuto
• Kujya gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe

Niba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, kuganira n’umukunzi wawe ku buzima bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina no gusuzuma indwara zandura mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bishobora kugira akamaro. Ibuka ko HPV ikunze kugaragara, kandi abantu benshi bayanduye ntibabona kanseri.

Ese Cancer y’Umuhogo imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya kanseri y’umuhogo bisanzwe bitangira umuganga wawe afashe amateka y’ubuzima bwawe kandi akakora isuzuma ry’umubiri ry’umunwa wawe, umunwa, n’ijosi. Azakubaza ibyimenyetso byawe, igihe wabibonye, nibintu byongera ibyago ushobora kuba ufite.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri, umuganga wawe azareba imbere mu kanwa kawe no mu munwa, ashobora gukoresha urukiramende rwo mu kanwa cyangwa ishusho yoroshye kugira ngo abone neza umuhogo wawe n’ibice bimukikije. Azakora no mu ijosi ryawe kugira ngo arebe niba hari lymph nodes zikomeye zishobora kugaragaza ko kanseri ikwirakwira.

Niba umuganga wawe abonye ikintu gikomeye, azategeka ibizamini byongeyeho:

• Biopsy kugira ngo akureho igice gito cy’umubiri kugira ngo gisuzuzwe muri mikoroskopi
• CT scan cyangwa MRI kugira ngo amenye ingano n’aho ikibyimba kiri
• PET scan kugira ngo arebe niba kanseri ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri wawe
• Isuzuma rya HPV kugira ngo amenye niba kanseri ifitanye isano na HPV
• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo asuzume ubuzima bwawe muri rusange

Biopsy ni ikizamini cya nyuma kigaragaza niba kanseri ihari n’ubwoko bwayo. Iki gikorwa gishobora gukorwa mu biro by’umuganga hakoreshejwe anesthésie y’aho, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bisaba ibikorwa byo hanze by’igihe gito.

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’umuhogo ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y’umuhogo bushingiye ku bintu byinshi birimo icyiciro cya kanseri, aho iri, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n’ibyo ukunda. Inkuru nziza ni uko kanseri y’umuhogo ikunda kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura burimo kubaga, imirasire, na chimiothérapie, bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe. Kubaga bishobora kuba bikubiyemo gukuraho umuhogo ubangamiwe ndetse na lymph nodes ziri hafi. Ku kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya mbere, ibi bishobora kuba ari byo kuvurwa gusa bikenewe.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa ishobora kuba irimo:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho ikibyimba na lymph nodes zibangamiwe
• Imirasire kugira ngo ihagarike uturemangingo twa kanseri hamwe n’imirasire ikomeye
• Chimiothérapie kugira ngo ihangane n’uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe wose
• Imiti igenda ku turemangingo twa kanseri kugira ngo ihagarike ibintu byihariye by’uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Immunothérapie kugira ngo ifashe ubudahangarwa bwawe guhangana na kanseri

Ku kanseri ikomeye, uburyo bwo guhuza ni bwo bugira akamaro. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa n’imirasire, cyangwa ugahabwa chimiothérapie n’imirasire hamwe. Kanseri y’umuhogo ifite HPV ikunda kuvurwa neza.

Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakorana nawe kugira ngo itegure gahunda y’ubuvuzi ihuza umusaruro n’ibyishimo by’ubuzima. Bazasobanura buri buryo neza kandi bagufashe gusobanukirwa icyo utegereje mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kanseri y’umuhogo

Guhangana n’ibimenyetso n’ingaruka mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuvuzi bwawe. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakugira inama yihariye, ariko hari uburyo butandukanye bushobora kugufasha kumva utekanye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Kubabara mu munwa no kugorana mu gutema, ibiryo byoroshye, ibinyobwa bishyushye, no kwirinda ibiryo birimo ibinyonyo cyangwa acide bishobora kugufasha. Imiti igabanya ububabare yatanzwe na muganga wawe igomba kunyobwa uko yategetswe kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare.

Uburyo bwo guhangana bushobora kuba:

• Kurya ibiryo bike, bikunze kurya kuruta ibiryo binini
• Gukoresha humidifier kugira ngo umwuka ube mwiza
• Kwitaho umunwa wawe witonze ukoresheje ibintu bidakubiyemo alcool
• Kunywa amazi ahagije, amasupu, n’ibinyobwa byuzuye
• Kuryama no kuruhuka bihagije
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri uko ikipe yawe yabigutegetse

Ntugatinye kuvugana n’ikipe yawe y’abaganga ku bimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo byose. Bakunda gutanga imiti cyangwa uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo byihariye. Ibigo byinshi byita ku ndwara zikomeye bifite abaganga b’imirire, abakozi b’imibereho myiza, n’abandi bahanga bashobora gutanga ubufasha bwiyongereye.

Wategura gute gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga?

Gutegura gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n’umuganga wawe kandi bikaba byizewe ko ibibazo byawe byose byakemuwe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, igihe byatangiye, n’uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Andika urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, amavitamine, n’ibindi. Nanone, kora amakuru yerekeye amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo kanseri, kubagwa, cyangwa indwara zikomeye.

Ibintu by’ingenzi ugomba kuzana cyangwa gutegura:

• Urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye
• Imiti yose ukoresha n’umwanya wayo
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane n’irangamuntu
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Amakuru y’abandi baganga ubona
• Umuntu wizewe cyangwa umuryango kugira ngo aguhe inkunga

Tegereza kuzana umuntu ukuri kumwe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga yo mu marangamutima no kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi. Kugira undi muntu hariho bishobora kugira akamaro cyane niba ubonye amakuru atari meza cyangwa amakuru akomeye yo kuvurwa.

Ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo cyangwa gusaba ibisobanuro ku kintu udasobanukiwe. Umuganga wawe ashaka kugufasha kugira amakuru yose ukeneye kugira ngo ufate ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuvuzi bwawe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri kanseri y’umuhogo

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri kanseri y’umuhogo ni uko kubona indwara hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora gutuma abantu benshi bagira umusaruro mwiza. Nubwo kubona kanseri ari ikintu giteye ubwoba, kanseri y’umuhogo ikunda kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare.

Witondere ibimenyetso bikomeje bidakira nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri, cyane cyane uburwayi bw’umunwa buhoraho, kugorana mu gutema, cyangwa imihengeri mu ijosi. Ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri, ariko bisaba isuzuma ry’umuganga.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda nko kwirinda itabi, kugabanya inzoga, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y’umutekano, no kubona urukingo rwa HPV igihe bikwiye bishobora kugabanya ibyago byawe. Isuku nziza y’amenyo no gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe bigira uruhare mu kwitaho ubuzima bwawe bw’amenyo muri rusange.

Niba ubonye kanseri y’umuhogo, ibuka ko utabaye wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bukorwa neza kandi budakomeye kurusha mbere, kandi hari serivisi z’inkunga zuzuye zigufasha kuvurwa no gukira.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaza kuri kanseri y’umuhogo

Ese kanseri y’umuhogo ihora iterwa na HPV?

Oya, kanseri y’umuhogo ntihora iterwa na HPV, nubwo HPV imaze kuba impamvu ikomeye mu myaka ya vuba aha. Impamvu zisanzwe nko kunywa itabi n’inzoga zigize igice kinini cy’indwara. Kanseri y’umuhogo ifite HPV ikunda kugira umusaruro mwiza mu kuvurwa kandi ikunda kugaragara mu rubyiruko, abantu batanywa itabi.

Ese ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’umuhogo?

Abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’umuhogo. Nubwo bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zihoraho nko guhindura kuvuga cyangwa gutema, serivisi zo kuvugurura ubuzima zishobora kugufasha kumenyera. Ingano y’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire iterwa n’ibintu nko kuba icyiciro cya kanseri, uburyo bwo kuvurwa, n’uburyo umuntu akira.

Ese kanseri y’umuhogo ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Kanseri y’umuhogo ishobora gutandukana mu buryo ikura kandi ikwirakwira. Kanseri ifite HPV ikunda gukura buhoro kurusha izidafite HPV. Zimwe zishobora kuguma mu gice kimwe igihe kinini, izindi zishobora gukwirakwira mu uturemangingo twa lymph nodes vuba. Niyo mpamvu ibimenyetso bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri bigomba gusuzuma vuba.

Ese umubare w’abakira kanseri y’umuhogo ni ungana gute?

Umubare w’abakira kanseri y’umuhogo urashimishije, cyane cyane ku ndwara yo mu cyiciro cya mbere na kanseri ifite HPV. Umubare w’abakira imyaka itanu ishize ushobora kuba 80-90% cyangwa hejuru ku kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Ariko, umusaruro w’umuntu umwe umwe uterwa n’ibintu byinshi birimo icyiciro cyo kubona indwara, ubuzima muri rusange, n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Umuganga wawe ashobora gutanga amakuru arambuye ashingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ese nkwiye guhangayika niba umuhogo umwe gusa ari wo ukomereye?

Umuhogo umwe gusa ukomereye ntibisobanura ko ari kanseri, kuko bishobora kubaho mu ndwara cyangwa izindi ndwara zidakomeye. Ariko, niba ukomerera bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bibiri, bikajyana n’ibindi bimenyetso nko kubabara umunwa buhoraho cyangwa kugorana mu gutema, cyangwa niba ubona imihengeri cyangwa amatsiko adasanzwe, birakwiye kubimenyesha umuganga kugira ngo umutima wawe uhumure.