Ese ni ibicurane? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Ibicurane ni ubwandu cyangwa kubyimba kw'ibicurane byawe, ibyo bice bibiri bifite ishusho y'igiyiko biri inyuma y'umunwa wawe. Tekereza ku bicurane byawe nk'umurongo wa mbere w'umubiri wawe mu kurwanya mikorobe zinjirira mu kanwa kawe no mu mazuru.

Nubwo ibicurane bishobora kuguha ibibazo kandi bikakutera impungenge, mu by'ukuri ni ikintu gisanzwe, cyane cyane mu bana n'abangavu. Ibihe byinshi birakira mu cyumweru kimwe ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye, kandi ingaruka zikomeye ni nke iyo ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ese ni ibicurane?

Ibicurane biba iyo ibicurane byawe bibyimba kandi bikanduye, akenshi biterwa na virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Ibicurane byawe ni igice cy'ubwirinzi bwawe, bikora nk'abarinzi mu gufata mikorobe zangiza mbere y'uko zishobora kujya mu mubiri wawe.

Iyo mikorobe zirengeje imbaraga z'ubwirinzi bw'ibicurane byawe, biba umutuku, bibyimba, kandi bikaba bibabaza. Ubu buryo bw'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri ni uburyo umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu, nubwo bigutera kubabara by'agateganyo.

Iki kibazo gishobora kuba gikomeye, kikamara iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru, cyangwa kigahoraho niba gikomeza kugaruka. Abantu benshi bagira ibicurane bikomeye, bisubira neza iyo umuntu aruhuka kandi akabona ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibicurane?

Ikimenyetso cy'ibicurane kigaragara cyane ni kubabara umunwa bigutera kubabara cyangwa kubabara mu gutema. Ushobora kubona iki kimenyetso mu gitondo cyangwa mugihe ugerageza kurya cyangwa kunywa.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Ibicurane by'umutuku, bibyimba bishobora kugira ibice byera cyangwa by'umuhondo
• Kubabara umunwa cyane no kubabara mu gutema
• Guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe n'amagufwa
• Impumuro mbi cyangwa ijwi rirambiranye
• Imishi yabyimbye mu ijosi
• Kubabara umutwe n'ububabare bw'umubiri
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Isesemi cyangwa kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu bana bato

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ushobora kandi kugira ububabare bw'amatwi kuko amatwi yawe n'umunwa bihujwe. Ububabare bushobora kuba bubi kuruhande rumwe niba hari icurane rimwe gusa ryibasiwe cyane.

Gake, ibibazo bikomeye bishobora gutera kugorana gufungura umunwa rwose, gucika ururabo kubera kubabara mu gutema, cyangwa ijwi ridasobanutse ryumvikana nk'aho uri kuvugana ikibabi mu kanwa.

Ni izihe mpuzandengo z'ibicurane?

Abaganga basanzwe bagabanya ibicurane mu bwoko butatu bushingiye ku gihe ibimenyetso biramara n'uburyo bikunda kugaruka. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bwoko bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ibicurane bikomeye ni ubwoko busanzwe, buramara kuva ku minsi mike kugeza ku ndwi ebyiri. Ibimenyetso byawe biragaragara vuba kandi bisanzwe bikira rwose ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ikiruhuko.

Ibicurane bisubiramo bivuze ko ugira ibimenyetso byinshi mu mwaka, bisanzwe bivugwa ko ari ubwandu burenga irindwi mu mwaka umwe, bitanu cyangwa birenga muri buri mwaka ibiri yikurikiranya, cyangwa bitatu cyangwa birenga muri buri mwaka itatu yikurikiranya.

Ibicurane by'igihe kirekire birimo ibimenyetso biramba ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Ushobora kugira kubabara umunwa, impumuro mbi, cyangwa imishi yabyimbye idakira rwose hagati y'ibimenyetso.

Ni iki giterwa n'ibicurane?

Ibicurane biba iyo virusi cyangwa bagiteri byanduye ibicurane byawe, bikarenga uburyo bw'ubwirinzi bwabyo. Igice kinini cy'ibibazo, cyane cyane mu bakuru, biterwa na virusi zisanzwe.

Ubwandu bwa virusi bugira uruhare mu bwandu bwinshi bw'ibicurane kandi burimo:

• Virusi zisanzwe z'umwijima (rhinoviruses)
• Virusi za grippe (influenza)
• Virusi ya Epstein-Barr (iterwa na mononucleosis)
• Adenoviruses
• Virusi za Parainfluenza

Ubwandu bwa bagiteri, nubwo butari bwinshi, bushobora kuba bukomeye kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike. Agatsiko A Streptococcus (umunwa w'abagiteri) itera ibicurane byinshi bya bagiteri.

Izindi ntandaro za bagiteri harimo Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, no mu bihe bidasanzwe, bagiteri zidasanzwe. Gake cyane, ubwandu bwa fungi bushobora gutera ibicurane, akenshi mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke.

Ushobora kwandura ibicurane binyuze mu mpfuruka z'ubuhumekero iyo umuntu ufite ubwandu akorora, agasetsa, cyangwa akavuga hafi yawe. Gusangira ibinyobwa, ibikoresho, cyangwa guhura n'ibintu byanduye bishobora kandi gukwirakwiza ubwandu.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ibicurane?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba kubabara umunwa kwawe kuramba iminsi 24 kugeza kuri 48, cyane cyane iyo biherekejwe no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe. Ubuvuzi bwa muganga bwihuse bushobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye antibiyotike no gukumira ingaruka.

Shaka ubuvuzi bwa muganga vuba niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bishishikaje:

• Ubushyuhe bukabije burenze 101°F (38.3°C)
• Kubabara cyane mu gutema cyangwa guhumeka
• Gucika ururabo cyane kubera kudashaka gutema
• Ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri nko guhindagurika cyangwa kugabanuka kw'inkari
• Kubabara umutwe cyangwa kubabara mu ijosi
• Uruhu rugaragara hamwe no kubabara umunwa

Hamagara ubuvuzi bwihuse ako kanya niba ugira ibibazo byo guhumeka, kubabara cyane mu gutema, cyangwa niba umunwa wawe wumvikana nk'aho ufunganye. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo gikomeye gisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ku bana, hamagara umuganga wabo niba banze kunywa amazi, bafite ubushyuhe bumaze iminsi irenga itatu, cyangwa bagaragara bafite umujinya cyangwa ubunebwe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago by'ibicurane?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kukugira ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibicurane, nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kugira ubwo bwandu busanzwe. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Imyaka igira uruhare runini, abana n'abangavu bakaba ari bo bafite ibyago byinshi. Abana bari hagati y'imyaka 5 na 15 bagira ibicurane kenshi kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bukiri gutera imbere kandi bakunda guhura na mikorobe mu ishuri.

Aho uba n'imibereho yawe bishobora kongera ibyago:

• Guhura kenshi na mikorobe mu mashuri, mu bigo byita ku bana, cyangwa ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi
• Guhura hafi n'umuntu ufite ubwandu bw'umunwa
• Ubudahangarwa buke bw'umubiri buterwa n'uburwayi, umunaniro, cyangwa imiti
• Ibihe by'impeshyi, kuko ubwandu bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mpeshyi no mu mpeshyi
• Kudakora isuku y'intoki cyangwa gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu

Abakuze bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima nk'indwara ya diyabete, indwara y'umutima, cyangwa abafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi. Kunywa itabi cyangwa guhura n'umwotsi w'itabi bishobora kandi kubabaza umunwa wawe no gutera ubwandu.

Kuba waragize ibicurane mbere ntibikurinda. Mu by'ukuri, bamwe bagaragara nk'abafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ubwandu busubiramo, bishobora kuba biterwa n'uburyo cyangwa ubunini bw'ibicurane byabo cyangwa ibintu by'ubudahangarwa bw'umuntu.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka z'ibicurane?

Ibihe byinshi by'ibicurane birakira nta ngaruka, cyane cyane iyo ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ikiruhuko. Ariko rero, ni byiza kumenya ibyerekeye ingaruka zishoboka kugira ngo ushake ubufasha niba ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho harimo:

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri kubera kubabara mu gutema amazi
• Kubura ibitotsi kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa kubabara
• Gukwirakwira kw'ubwandu mu bice byegereye nk'amatwi yo hagati
• Kubyimba kw'ibicurane (peritonsillar abscess)

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko nke zishobora kubaho niba umunwa w'abagiteri utabonye ubuvuzi. Izo ngaruka harimo indwara ya rhumatism, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima, amagufwa, n'ubwonko, cyangwa post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, indwara y'impyiko.

Gake cyane, ibicurane bikomeye bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka niba kubyimba bikomeye. Ibicurane by'igihe kirekire bishobora gutera impumuro mbi ihoraho, kubabara umunwa biramba, cyangwa gutakaza akazi cyangwa amashuri kenshi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye, izo ngaruka ntabwo zikunda kubaho. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gukumira ibibazo bikomeye binyuze mu kumenya ubwandu bwa bagiteri bukenera ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike.

Uburyo bwo gukumira ibicurane?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira ibicurane rwose, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byabyo cyane ukurikije amahame meza y'isuku no gushyigikira ubudahangarwa bwawe. Ibyo bintu byoroshye bishobora kugufasha kurinda wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Isuku y'intoki ni yo ntwaro yawe mu kurwanya ubwandu. Kumesa intoki neza ufite isabune n'amazi ashyushye byibuze amasegonda 20, cyane cyane mbere yo kurya, nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero, no nyuma yo kuba ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi.

Kora ibi bintu byo kwirinda buri munsi:

• Kwirinda gusangira ibinyobwa, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibintu bya buri muntu n'abandi
• Kwirinda abantu barwaye igihe bishoboka
• Gusukura ibintu bikunzwe gukoraho nka doorknobs na telefoni
• Kudakora mu maso, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu kanwa ufite intoki zidatogosheje
• Kugira isuku nziza y'amenyo no gukoresha umugozi
• Kuryama bihagije no gucunga umunaniro kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kuba ufite inkingo zigezweho, harimo inkingo za grippe buri mwaka

Niba umaze kurwara, kurinda abandi ukingira akanwa kawe mugihe ukonka cyangwa usetsa, ugahamagarara mu rugo kugeza igihe ubushyuhe bwawe bumaze amasaha 24, kandi ukamesa intoki kenshi.

Hindura irindi bimenyetso byawe nyuma yo gukira ibicurane kugira ngo wirinde kongera kwandura mikorobe isigaye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibicurane?

Muganga wawe ashobora kuvura ibicurane binyuze mu gusuzuma umunwa wawe no kukubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe. Uburyo bwo kuvura burasobanutse kandi bufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhuye n'ikibazo cyawe.

Mu gihe cy'isuzumwa ryawe, umuganga wawe azareba umunwa wawe akoresheje urumuri n'ikintu cyo gufungura ururimi. Azareba niba hari umutuku, kubyimba, ibice byera, cyangwa ibyondo ku bicurane byawe kandi azareba ijosi ryawe niba hari imishi yabyimbye.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini byongeyeho:

• Gusukura umunwa cyangwa ikizamini cya strep kugira ngo arebe ubwandu bwa bagiteri
• Gusukura umunwa niba ikizamini cya strep kidahamye ariko strep ikigaragara
• Ibizamini by'amaraso niba mononucleosis ishoboka
• Kureba ubushyuhe kugira ngo arebe ubushyuhe

Ikizamini cya strep gitanga ibisubizo mu minota mike, mu gihe gusukura umunwa bifata amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 ariko ari byiza. Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bimenyetso byawe n'isuzuma ryawe muganga mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo byo gusukura.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe aho ingaruka zikekwa, ibizamini byongeyeho nk'ibizamini bya CT bishobora kuba bikenewe. Ariko rero, ibicurane byinshi bivurwa binyuze mu isuzuma ryoroshye rya muganga n'amateka y'ubuzima.

Ni ikihe kivura ibicurane?

Ubuvuzi bw'ibicurane biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubwandu, niba ari virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Ibihe byinshi ni virusi kandi birakira byonyine ufite ubuvuzi bwo kubungabunga, mu gihe ubwandu bwa bagiteri busaba antibiyotike kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka.

Kubera ibicurane bya virusi, muganga wawe azibanda ku kugufasha kumva neza mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwawe burwanya ubwandu. Ubu buryo bukora neza kuko antibiyotike ntabwo zifasha kurwanya virusi.

Ubuvuzi bw'ibicurane bya bagiteri busanzwe burimo:

• Antibiyotike zinyobwa nka penicillin cyangwa amoxicillin iminsi 10
• Antibiyotike zigira izindi nshingano niba ufite allergie kuri penicillin
• Imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen
• Ikiruhuko no kongera kunywa amazi

Ni ngombwa kurangiza ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike bwose nubwo wumva umeze neza nyuma y'iminsi mike. Guhagarika hakiri kare bishobora gutera kunanirwa kuvura kandi bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Kubera ibicurane bisubiramo, muganga wawe ashobora kukuganiraho kuvura ibicurane, ukuraho ibicurane. Ubu buryo busanzwe butekerezwaho iyo ugira ubwandu buhoraho bugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe.

Gucunga ububabare ni ingenzi bitabaye ibyo byatewe. Imiti igabanya ububabare ishobora kugabanya ububabare n'ubushyuhe, ikakugiraho akaruhuko mu gihe cyo gukira.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo mu gihe cy'ibicurane?

Kwita mu rugo bigira uruhare mu gukira kwawe mu bicurane, bigufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no gushyigikira uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukira. Ibyo bintu byoroshye bishobora kugufasha cyane mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ikiruhuko ni ingenzi mu gukira, rero ufate ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri kandi uryama bihagije. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bukora neza iyo umubiri wawe utameze nabi kubera ibikorwa bya buri munsi.

Gerageza ibi bintu byoroshye byo kuvura mu rugo:

• Gukaraba amazi ashyushye n'umunyu inshuro nyinshi buri munsi kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimba
• Kunywamo ibinyobwa bishyushye nka icyayi cy'ibimera, umuyonga, cyangwa amazi ashyushye hamwe n'ubuki
• Gukoresha ibintu byo gutema umunwa cyangwa ubukonje kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare by'agateganyo
• Koresha umwuka ushyushye kugira ngo wongere umwuka mu mwuka wumye
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye gutema nka yaourt, pudding, cyangwa isupu
• Kwirinda ibiryo by'umutobe cyangwa ibiryo birimo ibirungo bishobora kubabaza umunwa wawe

Komeza kunywa amazi menshi, nubwo gutema ari bibi. Kunywa make make ni byiza kuruta kugerageza kunywa byinshi icyarimwe.

Kwirinda kunywa itabi n'umwotsi w'itabi, kuko bishobora kongera kubabaza umunwa wawe no gutinda gukira. Niba usanzwe unywa itabi, iki ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo gufata ikiruhuko no kureka umunwa wawe gukira.

Uko wakwitegura ku bw'isuzumwa ryawe kwa muganga?

Kwitunganya mbere y'isuzumwa ryawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi ntiwibagirwe ibintu by'ingenzi ku bimenyetso byawe. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gufasha muganga wawe gukora isuzuma ryiza.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe mbere y'isuzumwa, harimo igihe byatangiye, uko bikomeye, n'icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibitera. Ibyo bintu bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ikibazo cyawe.

Zana ibyo bintu by'ingenzi ku isuzumwa ryawe:

• Urutonde rw'imiti ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi
• Inyandiko y'ubushyuhe bwawe niba wari ubugenzura
• Ibibazo ushaka kubabaza ku buvuzi cyangwa gukira
• Amakuru ku guhura vuba na bantu barwaye
• Amateka yawe y'ubuzima, cyane cyane ubwandu bw'umunwa wabanje

Tegereza ko hari umuntu aguherekeza niba umeze nabi cyane, cyane cyane niba ugira ibibazo byo kuvuga cyangwa gutema. Bashobora kugufasha kuvugana na muganga wawe niba bikenewe.

Gerageza kuhagera hakiri kare kugira ngo ushobore kurangiza impapuro zikenewe utabangamiwe. Ibi bifasha guhamya ko isuzumwa ryawe ritangira ku gihe kandi rikagenda neza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya ku bicurane?

Ibicurane ni ubwandu busanzwe, busanzwe buke butuma abantu benshi bakira neza mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Nubwo bishobora kuba bibi cyane, ingaruka zikomeye ni nke iyo ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi ukaba ukurikiza amabwiriza yo kuvura.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni ukumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi. Vugana na muganga wawe kubera kubabara umunwa biramba hamwe n'ubushyuhe, kubabara mu gutema, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri.

Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye, kwita mu rugo neza, n'ikiruhuko gihagije, urashobora kwitega kumva umeze neza vuba. Ntuzuzagira ikibazo cyo kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite impungenge ku bimenyetso byawe cyangwa uko ukira.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho ku bicurane

Ibicurane biramara igihe kingana iki?

Ibicurane bya virusi bisanzwe biramara iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10, mu gihe ibicurane bya bagiteri bisanzwe bikira mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 utangiye antibiyotike. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza mu cyumweru kimwe, nubwo gukira rwose bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeza kuramba, vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uhagarike ingaruka cyangwa izindi ndwara.

Ese ibicurane byandura?

Yego, ibicurane byandura, cyane cyane mu minsi mike ya mbere y'uburwayi iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ushobora gukwirakwiza ubwandu binyuze mu mpfuruka z'ubuhumekero mugihe ukonka, usetsa, cyangwa uvuga. Hamwe n'ibicurane bya bagiteri, usanzwe uba utakwandura mu masaha 24 utangiye antibiyotike. Ku bwandu bwa virusi, uba ukomeza kwandura igihe ufite ibimenyetso.

Ese abakuze bashobora kugira ibicurane?

Abakuze bashobora kugira ibicurane, nubwo ari byinshi mu bana n'abangavu. Ibihe by'abakuze bishobora kuba virusi kandi bishobora gutinda gukira. Abakuze bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi bagomba kwitondera ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi, nko guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe buhoraho cyangwa kubabara mu gutema.

Ni ibihe biryo nakwirinda mu gihe cy'ibicurane?

Kwirinda ibiryo bikomeye, birimo ibirungo, cyangwa ibiryo birimo umutobe bishobora kubabaza umunwa wawe. Kwirinda imbuto z'umutobe, inyanya, ibiryo birimo ibirungo, chips, crackers, n'ibindi bifite uburyo bukomeye. Ahubwo, hitamo ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye gutema nka yaourt, pudding, smoothies, isupu, na ice cream. Ibinyobwa bishyushye nka icyayi cy'ibimera cyangwa umuyonga bishobora guhumuriza no gufasha kugumana amazi mu mubiri.

Ni ryari nakwiye gutekereza ku kuvura ibicurane?

Kuvura ibicurane bishobora gusabwa niba ufite ibicurane bisubiramo bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe, bisanzwe bivugwa ko ari ubwandu burenga irindwi mu mwaka umwe, bitanu cyangwa birenga mu myaka ibiri yikurikiranya, cyangwa bitatu cyangwa birenga buri mwaka mu myaka itatu yikurikiranya. Muganga wawe azareba kandi ibintu nko gukomeza kw'ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'ingaruka. Abantu benshi bafite ibicurane rimwe na rimwe ntibakenera kuvurwa.