Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uko Bivurwa

Ese ni uburwayi bwo mu ruhu buke, ariko bukomeye cyane, aho ibice binini by'uruhu rwawe bitangira gukuramo nk'amakarito. Tekereza ko ari nk'aho uruhu rwawe rwo hanze ruri kwangirika vuba cyane, kimwe n'uko ubushye bukomeye bwagira isura.

Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe wose, kandi busaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa. Nubwo Ese yumvikana nk'iby'ubwoba, kumva icyo ari cyo n'uko kivurwa bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye kandi utagira impungenge ku bijyanye n'ubwo buvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ni uburwayi bukomeye bwo mu ruhu butuma uruhu rwawe rwo hanze rupfa rugatandukana n'urundi ruhu ruri munsi ya rwo. Uruhu rwawe rutangira gukuramo nk'amakarito manini, bikagiraho ibice bibabaza.

Ubu burwayi ni bumwe mu bundi burwayi bwo mu ruhu, aho Stevens-Johnson syndrome ari ubwo bugenda buke, naho Ese ari ubwo bukomeye cyane. Iyo abaganga babonye uruhu rukuramo rukwiye ibice birenga 30% by'umubiri wawe, barubita Ese.

Ijambo "Ese" ntirisobanura ko wanyweye uburozi mu buryo busanzwe. Ahubwo risobanura uko ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri bwohereza ibintu byangiza mu ruhu rwawe, bigatuma rupfa vuba.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Ese bikunda kugaragara vuba, akenshi mu minsi mike nyuma y'icyo kibitera. Umubiri wawe uzakubwira ibimenyetso byinshi mbere y'uko uruhu rwawe rutangira gukuramo.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunda kumera nk'aho uri kurwara ibicurane:

• Ubushyuhe bushobora kugera kuri 39°C cyangwa hejuru
• Kubabara mu mazuru
• Kubabara cyangwa gutwika mu maso
• Kubabara umubiri wose no kunanirwa
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Uko uburwayi bugenda bukomeza, ibimenyetso byo mu ruhu biba ikibazo gikomeye:

• Ibicu by'umutuku, byuzuye, bikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe
• Ibibyimba byuzuye, hanyuma bikavunika vuba
• Ibicu binini by'uruhu bikuramo iyo bikozweho
• Ibice bibabaza aho uruhu rwakuyemo
• Uruhu rukuramo iyo rukozweho gake (nk'ikarito y'umpapuro y'amazi)

Ese inagira ingaruka ku mumaso y'imbere y'umubiri wawe:

• Ibibyimba bibabaza mu kanwa bigatuma kurya bigorana
• Amaso atukura, yabyimba, ashobora guhindura uburyo ubona
• Kubabara no guhumeka nabi mu gitsina
• Ingaruka ku mihingo y'ubuhumekero bigatuma guhumeka bigorana

Ibi bimenyetso bitandukanya Ese n'izindi ndwara z'uruhu kuko zigira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by'umubiri icyarimwe. Guhuza uruhu rwinshi rukuramo n'ibibyimba mu mumaso y'imbere nibyo bituma ubu burwayi bukomeye kandi busaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ese iterwa n'iki?

Ese ikunda guterwa no kuba ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miti runaka. Umubiri wawe uba utekereza ko iyo miti ari ikintu kibangamira umubiri, maze ugatangira kuyirwanya, ariko bikangiza uruhu rwawe.

Imiti ikunda guterwa na Ese irimo:

• Allopurinol (ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya gout)
• Imiti yo kurwanya indwara z'ubwonko nka phenytoin, carbamazepine, na lamotrigine
• Imiti ya sulfonamide (imiti ya sulfa)
• Imiti imwe yo kugabanya ububabare nka oxicam NSAIDs
• Imiti imwe yo kurwanya udukoko nka penicillins na quinolones

Mu bihe bike, Ese ishobora guterwa n'ibindi bintu:

• Indwara ziterwa na virusi nka Epstein-Barr virus cyangwa cytomegalovirus
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, cyane cyane mycoplasma
• Inkingo zimwe na zimwe, nubwo ari bike cyane
• Imiti y'ibimera cyangwa imiti igurwa mu maduka

Hari igihe abaganga batabasha kumenya icyo kibitera, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda, ariko ntibihindura uburyo uburwayi buvuzwa. Ikintu gikomeye ni ukubona ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, uko icyo kibitera kimeze kose.

Ingaruka zikunda kugaragara mu byumweru bike nyuma yo gutangira imiti mishya, nubwo bishobora kubaho no nyuma y'amezi menshi ufashe imiti imwe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ese ihora ari uburwayi bw'ihutirwa busaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa mu bitaro. Ukwiye kujya mu bitaro by'ihutirwa ako kanya ubonye ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ubushyuhe, uruhu rutukura, n'ibice by'uruhu rwawe bitangira gukuramo cyangwa kubyimba.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro by'ihutirwa ako kanya ubonye ibi bikurikira:

• Uruhu rukuramo nk'amakarito manini iyo rukozweho gake
• Ibicu by'umutuku, byuzuye, bikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe
• Ibibyimba bibabaza mu kanwa, amaso, cyangwa mu gitsina
• Ubushyuhe bukabije buherekejwe n'impinduka z'uruhu
• Gukomeretsa guhumeka hamwe n'ibimenyetso byo mu ruhu

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Ese ikwirakwira vuba, kandi ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa mu bitaro bushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira kwawe no kugabanya ibyago by'ingaruka mbi.

Niba ufashe imiti runaka kandi ukabona impinduka nke mu ruhu hamwe n'ubushyuhe, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukwiye guhagarika imiti no gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ibyago byo kurwara Ese ni ibihe?

Nubwo Ese ishobora kubaho kuri uwo ari we wese ufata imiti runaka, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuyirwara. Kumva ibyo byago bigufasha wowe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gufata ibyemezo byiza ku bijyanye n'imiti.

Imyaka n'imiterere y'umubiri bigira uruhare rukomeye mu byago bya Ese:

• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 40 yongera ibyago
• Ihinduka rimwe na rimwe mu miterere y'umubiri, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa HLA, bituma bamwe bagira ibyago byinshi
• Kuba ufite amateka yo mu muryango w'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'imiti
• Kuba ufite ubwoko runaka bw'abantu (bamwe mu bantu bo muri Aziya bafite ibyago byinshi hamwe n'imiti runaka)

Uburwayi bugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri bushobora kongera ibyago:

• Ubwandu bwa HIV cyangwa SIDA
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nka lupus
• Cancer, cyane cyane cancer y'amaraso
• Guheruka kubagwa
• Kunywa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri

Ibindi bintu bishobora gutera Ese birimo:

• Kunywa imiti myinshi icyarimwe
• Kuba wararwaye Stevens-Johnson syndrome mbere
• Ubwandu bwa vuba, cyane cyane ubwandu bwa virusi
• Imiti ikora gake kubera imiterere y'umubiri

Kuba ufite ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzirwara Ese, ariko bisobanura ko wowe n'umuganga wawe mukwiye kwitondera cyane mugiye gutangira imiti mishya. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora kukuganiriza ku bipimo bya genetique niba uri mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi kandi ukeneye imiti izwiho gutera Ese.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Ese ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye kuko kubura ibice binini by'uruhu rwawe bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myinshi y'umubiri. Uruhu rwawe rusanzwe rukurinda ubwandu kandi rufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri n'amazi.

Ingaruka zihutirwa cyane zirimo ubwandu no kubura amazi:

• Kubura amazi cyane kuko umubiri wawe uba uri gutakaza amazi binyuze mu ruhu rwangirijwe
• Ubwandu bwa bagiteri mu bice aho uruhu rwakuyemo
• Sepsis, iyo ubwandu bukwirakwira mu maraso yawe
• Kudahangana neza kw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima n'izindi ngingo
• Gukomeretsa kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri

Ingaruka ku maso zishobora kugira ingaruka ziramba:

• Ibibyimba mu maso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubona
• Amaso yumye kubera ibyangiritse by'amaso
• Ibibyimba by'amaso bishobora gusaba kubagwa
• Mu bihe bikomeye, ubuhumyi bushobora kubaho

Ibindi bice by'umubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka:

• Ingaruka ku bihaha harimo pneumonia cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Ibibazo by'impyiko kubera kubura amazi cyangwa imiti
• Kudakora neza k'umwijima, cyane cyane niba ingaruka zaterwa n'imiti
• Ibibazo by'umutima kubera kudahangana neza kw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri

Ingaruka ziramba zishobora kuba harimo ibibyimba biramba, impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu, n'ibibazo bikomeza kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri. Ariko, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa mu ishami ryita ku bashye cyangwa mu cyumba cy'ubuvuzi bukomeye, abantu benshi barakira Ese.

Ikintu gikomeye mu kwirinda ingaruka mbi ni ukubona ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa no kuvurwa n'itsinda ry'abaganga bafite ubunararibonye mu kuvura indwara zikomeye z'uruhu.

Ese imenyeshwa ite?

Abaganga bashobora kumenya Ese binyuze mu gusuzuma uruhu rwawe no kumenya amateka yawe y'imiti. Guhuza uruhu rwinshi rukuramo n'ibibyimba mu mumaso y'imbere bigira isura yihariye abaganga bafite ubunararibonye bamenya.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizatangira gusuzuma umubiri wawe:

• Kureba uko uruhu rwawe rukuramo
• Gusuzuma uruhu rwawe kugirango urebe niba rukuramo vuba
• Kusuzuma akanwa, amaso, n'igitsina kugirango urebe ibibyimba
• Kusuzuma ubuzima bwawe muri rusange harimo n'ibimenyetso by'ubuzima

Ibizamini by'amaraso bifasha kumenya uko uburwayi bugira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe:

• Igipimo cy'amaraso kugirango urebe ubwandu cyangwa izindi ngaruka
• Igipimo cy'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri kugirango urebe amazi n'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri
• Ibizamini by'umwijima n'impyiko
• Ibizamini byo guhakana izindi mpamvu z'ibimenyetso byawe

Hari igihe abaganga bafata igice gito cy'uruhu (biopsy) kugirango bemeze uburwayi kandi bahakanishe izindi ndwara. Mu mikorere y'imbere, Ese igaragaza ibimenyetso byihariye byo gupfa kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu bifasha gutandukanya n'izindi ndwara z'uruhu.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizasuzuma kandi imiti yose uheruka kunywa, harimo imiti y'abaganga, imiti igurwa mu maduka, n'imiti y'ibimera. Amateka yawe y'imiti ni ingenzi mu kumenya icyo kibitera no kwirinda ingaruka mu gihe kizaza.

Ese ivurwa ite?

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese bugamije gukuraho icyo kibitera, gufasha umubiri wawe mu gihe uruhu rwawe rukira, no kwirinda ingaruka. Uzakeneye ubuvuzi bw'ibitaro, akenshi mu ishami ryita ku bashye aho abakozi bafite ubunararibonye mu kuvura ibice binini by'uruhu rwangirijwe.

Intambwe ya mbere ni uguhagarika imiti ishobora kuba yarateye ingaruka:

• Guhagarika ako kanya imiti yose idakenewe
• Kumenya no guhagarika imiti ishobora kuba yarateye ingaruka
• Guhindura imiti gusa iyo ari ngombwa
• Kwirinda imiti ishobora gutera ingaruka nk'izo

Ubufasha bufasha umubiri wawe mu gihe uruhu rwawe rukira:

• Amazi mu mitsi kugirango ubashe gusubiza amazi utakaza binyuze mu ruhu rwangirijwe
• Kwitondera ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri n'imikorere y'impyiko
• Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri kuko uruhu rwangirijwe ntirushobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri neza
• Ubufasha mu mirire kugirango ufashe mu gukira, akenshi binyuze mu gufata ibiryo binyuze mu myanya y'imbere
• Kuvura ububabare hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye

Kwita ku ruhu bisaba ubuhanga bwihariye:

• Gusukura no gufata neza ibice byangiritse
• Kwivuza ubwandu hakoreshejwe imiti yo hanze iyo ari ngombwa
• Gukoresha ibitanda cyangwa ibintu byihariye kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko ku ruhu rwangirijwe
• Kwivuza ubwandu hakoreshejwe imiti yo hanze iyo ari ngombwa

Bamwe mu baganga bashobora kugira imiti ifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri:

• Corticosteroids, nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo ririmo impaka
• Ubuvuzi bwa immunoglobulin mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Imiti yo kurinda igifu no kwirinda ibibyimba

Kwita ku maso ni ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda ibibazo by'amaso biramba. Abaganga bita ku maso bakunda gutanga ubuvuzi bwihariye bwo kurinda amaso yawe no kwirinda ibibyimba.

Uko wakwitwara iwawe nyuma yo gukira Ese

Gukira Ese bisaba igihe, kandi uzakenera ubuvuzi bukomeza no nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro. Uruhu rwawe ruzakira buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi, ariko ushobora gufata ingamba zo gufasha uwo mucyo iwawe.

Kwita ku ruhu bikomeza kuba ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Komeza ibice bikira bisukuye hakoreshejwe imiti isukuye idafite impumuro
• Shyiraho imiti yo kunyesha uruhu kugirango urinde uruhu rwawe kumye no gusaduka
• Kurinda uruhu rushya izuba hakoreshejwe imyenda n'izuba
• Kwivuza ubwandu hakoreshejwe imiti yo hanze iyo ari ngombwa
• Kwitondera ibimenyetso by'ubwandu nko gutukura, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibyondo

Kwita ku maso bikomeza kuba ingenzi na nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro:

• Koresha imiti yo mu maso nk'uko wagiriwe inama
• Koresha izibuza izuba kugirango urinde amaso yawe urumuri rukomeye
• Komeza kujya kwa muganga
• Menyesha ibyo ubonye byose byahindutse mu maso yawe cyangwa kubabara

Guha umubiri wawe imbaraga bifasha mu gukira:

• Kurya ibiryo biryohereye kugirango ufashe mu gukira kw'uruhu
• Kunywa amazi ahagije ariko ntukarenze urugero utabanje kubiganiraho n'abaganga
• Kuryama bihagije kugirango umubiri wawe ubashe gukora neza
• Fata imiti nk'uko wagiriwe inama

Kwitondera ibimenyetso by'uburwayi busaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, harimo ubushyuhe, ububabare bukomeye, ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, cyangwa impinduka nshya mu ruhu ziterwa n'imiti. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakugenera igihe cyo kuza gusuzumwa kugirango barebe uko ubaye n'ibibazo byose.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Niba ufite Ese, ubuvuzi bwawe bwa mbere buzaba mu bitaro by'ihutirwa. Ariko, kwitegura igihe cyo kuza gusuzumwa n'ibindi bisura by'abaganga ni ingenzi mu buvuzi bwawe no kwirinda ingaruka mu gihe kizaza.

Kora urutonde rw'ibintu byose by'ingenzi bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe mbere yo kujya kwa muganga:

• Kora urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose wafashe mbere y'uko urwara Ese
• Andika itariki nyayo watangiye imiti
• Andika imiti y'ibimera, amavitamine, cyangwa imiti igurwa mu maduka wafashe
• Zana impapuro z'ibitaro n'ibindi byanditswe by'ubuvuzi
• Andika ibyo uri allergique cyangwa ingaruka z'imiti wabonye mbere

Andika ibimenyetso byawe n'ibibazo:

• Kora urutonde rw'uko uruhu rwawe rukira n'ibice bifite ibibazo
• Andika impinduka zose mu maso yawe cyangwa kubabara
• Andika ububabare n'uko imiti ikora
• Andika ibibazo ku gihe cyo gukira
• Menyesha ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibibazo

Tegura ibibazo ku itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga:

• Ni iyihe miti ukwiye kwirinda mu gihe kizaza?
• Ni iyihe bimenyetso by'ingaruka mbi ukwiye kwitondera?
• Ni ryari uruhu rwawe rushobora gusubira mu buryo busanzwe?
• Ukeneye ibizamini bya genetique kugirango umenye ibyago by'imiti mu gihe kizaza?
• Ni ba nde baganga ukwiye gukomeza kujya kubona?

Tekereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe mu gihe cyo gusuzumwa, cyane cyane mu gihe ukiri gukira. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no guharanira ibyo ukeneye igihe utari kumva neza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Ese

Ese ni uburwayi bukomeye ariko buvurwa bw'ihutirwa busaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa mu bitaro. Nubwo yumvikana nk'iby'ubwoba, kumva ko ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa mu bitaro byihariye butuma abantu benshi bakira bishobora guhumuriza mu gihe cy'ubwoba.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko Ese iterwa n'imiti, kandi guhagarika imiti vuba ni ingenzi mu gukira. Iyo umaze kurwara Ese, ugomba kwitondera cyane imiti mu gihe kizaza, ariko ntibisobanura ko udashobora kuvurwa igihe ukeneye.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagufasha gukora gahunda yo gukoresha imiti neza mu gihe kizaza. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ibizamini bya genetique, gutwara amakuru y'ubuzima, no gukorana n'inzobere zizumva uburwayi bwawe.

Gukira bisaba igihe, ariko abantu benshi bavurwa neza barakira. Uruhu rwawe rufite ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka, kandi hamwe no kwitabwaho neza n'ubugenzuzi bw'abaganga, ushobora kwitega gusubira mu mirimo yawe nk'uko wakira.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri Ese

Ese Ese ishobora kugaruka?

Yego, Ese ishobora kugaruka niba uhuye n'imiti imwe cyangwa imiti ishobora gutera ingaruka nk'izo. Niyo mpamvu gukora urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yo kwirinda ari ingenzi. Muganga wawe azagufasha kumenya imiti yateye Ese, ndetse n'imiti ishobora gutera ingaruka nk'izo. Gutwara amakuru y'ubuzima no kubwira abaganga bose amateka yawe bifasha kwirinda ingaruka mu gihe kizaza.

Ese bisaba igihe kingana iki gukira Ese?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n'uruhu rwangirijwe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi bamara ibyumweru 2-6 mu bitaro mu gihe cy'uburwayi bukomeye. Uruhu rushya rusanzwe rukura mu byumweru 2-3, ariko gukira burundu bishobora gufata amezi menshi. Ingaruka zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane ku maso cyangwa ibibyimba, zishobora kubaho burundu. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakugenera igihe cyiza bitewe n'uko ubaye n'uko ubaye mu buvuzi.

Ese nzagira ibibyimba biramba kubera Ese?

Abantu benshi barakira Ese batagize ibibyimba biramba, cyane cyane hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwiza. Ariko, hariho ibibyimba bishoboka, cyane cyane mu bice aho ubwandu bwabaye cyangwa gukira byagoranye. Ingaruka ku maso zishobora gutera impinduka ziramba kurusha ibibyimba by'uruhu. Gukorana n'inzobere nka dermatologists n'abaganga bita ku maso mu gihe cyo gukira bifasha kugabanya ingaruka ziramba no kuvura ibibyimba.

Ese Ese yandura?

Oya, Ese ntiyandura. Ntushobora kuyanduza undi muntu cyangwa kuyanduza abandi. Ese ni ingaruka z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ku miti cyangwa ibindi bintu, si ubwandu. Abagize umuryango n'abakozi bo mu bitaro ntibakwiye guhangayika ko Ese ishobora kubanduza. Ariko, niba ufite ubwandu mu gihe ufite Ese, ubwo bwandu bushobora gusaba kwirinda.

Ese nshobora kongera kunywa imiti neza nyuma yo gukira Ese?

Yego, ushobora kunywa imiti neza nyuma ya Ese, ariko ugomba kwitondera cyane imiti uzafata. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakora urutonde rw'imiti yo kwirinda no kumenya imiti myiza mu gihe kizaza. Ibizamini bya genetique bishobora kugufasha kumenya ubwoko bw'imiti bukwiriye kuri wowe. Buri gihe menyesha abaganga bose amateka yawe ya Ese mbere yo gufata imiti mishya, harimo imiti igurwa mu maduka n'imiti y'ibimera.