Hepatite Ihumanya

Umwijima ni wo mubiri munini cyane uri imbere mu mubiri. Upima nk'umupira w'amaguru. Uherereye ahanini mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo bw'igice cy'inda, hejuru y'igifu.

Hepatite iterwa na za ogishi (toxique) ni ububabare bw'umwijima biterwa n'ibintu runaka umuntu aba yahuye na byo. Hepatite iterwa na za ogishi ishobora guterwa na alkooli, ibintu by'imiti, imiti cyangwa ibinyobwa by'imirire.

Mu mubare w'imimerere, hepatite iterwa na za ogishi igaragara mu masaha cyangwa mu minsi mike nyuma yo guhura n'uburozi. Mu yindi mimerere, bishobora kumara amezi menshi ikoreshwa buri munsi mbere y'uko ibimenyetso n'ibibazo bigaragara.

Ibimenyetso bya hepatite iterwa na za ogishi bikunda gushira iyo umuntu aretse guhura n'uburozi. Ariko hepatite iterwa na za ogishi ishobora kwangiza umwijima burundu, igahindura imiterere y'umwijima (cirrhosis) kandi mu mubare w'imimerere ikaba itera gucika intege kw'umwijima, ibyo bikaba bishobora guhitana umuntu.

Ubwoko buke bwa hepatite y'ubumara bushobora kutazigera butera ibimenyetso, kandi bushobora kuvumburwa gusa binyuze mu bipimo by'amaraso. Iyo ibimenyetso bya hepatite y'ubumara bigaragaye, bishobora kuba birimo: Guhindagurika kw'uruhu n'amaso (jaundice) Kubabara Kubabara mu nda mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo Umunaniro Kubura ubushake bwo kurya Isesemi no kuruka Uruhu rutukura Umuhango Igucika mu kiro Inkari z'umukara cyangwa ibara ry'icyayi Reba muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubangamiye. Kurenza urugero imiti imwe, nka acetaminophen (Tylenol, n'izindi), bishobora gutera gucika intege kw'umwijima. Fata ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba utekereza ko umuntu mukuru cyangwa umwana yanyoye acetaminophen arenze urugero. Ibimenyetso byo kurenza urugero acetaminophen birimo: Kubura ubushake bwo kurya Isesemi no kuruka Kubabara mu nda hejuru Koma Niba ukekako hari umuntu wanyoye acetaminophen arenze urugero, hamagara ako kanya 911, serivisi z'ubutabazi zaho, cyangwa umurongo w'ubutabazi bw'uburozi. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kubona ubufasha kuri Poison Control muri Amerika: kuri interineti kuri www.poison.org cyangwa guhamagara 800-222-1222. Aya mahirwe yombi ni ubuntu, ntabwo ari ibanga, kandi aboneka amasaha 24 kumunsi. Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kurenza urugero acetaminophen bishobora kwica ariko bishobora kuvurwa neza niba byitabweho hakiri kare nyuma yo kunywa.

Jya kwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ikimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bikubangamiye. Kurenza urugero imiti imwe nka acetaminophen (Tylenol, n'izindi), bishobora gutera gucika intege kw'umwijima. Fata ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba utekereza ko umuntu mukuru cyangwa umwana yanyoye acetaminophen arenze urugero. Ibimenyetso byo kurenza urugero acetaminophen birimo:

• Kudashira amasaka
• Kwicuza no kuruka
• Kubabara mu nda hejuru
• Koma Niba ukeka ko hari umuntu yanyoye acetaminophen arenze urugero, hamagara ako kanya 911, serivisi z'ubutabazi zaho, cyangwa umurongo wa telefoni ufasha abanyoye uburozi. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kubona ubufasha muri Poison Control muri Amerika: kuri internet kuri www.poison.org cyangwa uhamagara 800-222-1222. Aya mahirwe yombi ni ubuntu, ntabwo ari ibanga, kandi aboneka amasaha 24 ku munsi. Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kurenza urugero acetaminophen bishobora kwica ariko bishobora kuvurwa neza niba bitavuwe hakiri kare nyuma yo kunywa.

Hepatite iterwa na toxine ibaho iyo umwijima wawe ugira umuriro kubera kwibasirwa n'ikintu gifite uburozi. Hepatite iterwa na toxine ishobora kandi kuvuka iyo ufashe imiti myinshi cyane y'amabwiriza cyangwa imiti igurishwa idafite amabwiriza.

Ubusanzwe umwijima ukuraho kandi ukavanga imiti n'ibintu byinshi byinshi biri mu maraso yawe. Gusenya uburozi bituma habaho ibintu bishobora kwangiza umwijima. Nubwo umwijima ufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwiyubaka, guhora uhura n'ibintu bifite uburozi bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye, rimwe na rimwe bitakira.

Hepatite iterwa na toxine ishobora guterwa na:

• Inzoga. Kunywa inzoga nyinshi imyaka myinshi bishobora gutera hepatite iterwa n'inzoga — umuriro mu mwijima uterwa n'inzoga, bishobora gutera gucika intege kw'umwijima.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare igurishwa idafite amabwiriza. Imiti igabanya ububabare idafite amabwiriza nka acetaminophen (Tylenol, izindi), aspirine, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, izindi) na naproxen (Aleve, izindi) bishobora kwangiza umwijima wawe, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe kenshi cyangwa bifatanyijwe n'inzoga.
• Imiti y'amabwiriza. Imiti imwe ifitanye isano no kwangirika kw'umwijima bikomeye irimo imiti ya statin ikoreshwa mu kuvura cholesterol nyinshi, imiti ifatanye ya amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), niacin (Niaspan), ketoconazole, imiti imwe irwanya virusi na steroide zongerera imbaraga. Hari izindi nyinshi.
• Ibinyomoro n'ibindi byongerera imbaraga. Bimwe mu binyomoro bifatwa nk'ibyagerageza umwijima birimo aloe vera, black cohosh, cascara, chaparral, comfrey, kava na ephedra. Hari izindi nyinshi. Abana bashobora kwangirika umwijima iyo bakoze ikosa bakafata imiti yongerera imbaraga nk'amashu bakayifata cyane.
• Ibyuka by'inganda. Ibyuka ushobora guhura na byo mu kazi wawe bishobora kwangiza umwijima. Ibyuka bisanzwe bishobora kwangiza umwijima birimo carbon tetrachloride ikoreshwa mu gusukura imyenda, ikintu cyitwa vinyl chloride (ikoreshwa mu gukora plastique), paraquat ikoreshwa mu guhinga n'itsinda ry'ibintu by'inganda byitwa polychlorinated biphenyls.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura hepatite iterwa na toxine birimo:

• Gufata imiti igabanya ububabare cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe ifata ku muntu. Gufata imiti cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare iboneka mu maduka idafite ibyangombwa by'abaganga ifite ibyago byo kwangiza umwijima byongera ibyago byo kwandura hepatite iterwa na toxine. Ibi ni byo cyane cyane niba ufata imiti myinshi cyangwa ukarenza urugero rw'imiti wakagombye gufata.
• Kugira indwara y'umwijima. Kugira ikibazo gikomeye cy'umwijima nka cirrhose cyangwa indwara y'umwijima iterwa no kutafata ibinure bihagije bigutera kwibasirwa cyane n'ingaruka z'uburozi.
• Kugira hepatite. Kwandura virusi ya hepatite (hepatite B, hepatite C cyangwa imwe mu zindi virusi za hepatite - zidakunze kugaragara - zishobora gukomeza kuba mu mubiri) bituma umwijima wawe uba mu kaga.
• Gukura. Uko ugenda ukura, umwijima wawe utangira gusenya ibintu byangiza buhoro buhoro. Ibi bivuze ko uburozi n'ibikomoka kuri bwo bikomeza kuba mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire.
• Kunywesha inzoga. Kunywesha inzoga mu gihe ufata imiti cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe y'ibimera byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'uburozi.
• Kuba umugore. Kubera ko abagore basa n'abakemura uburozi runaka buhoro kurusha abagabo, imijima yabo ihura n'ibintu byangiza byinshi mu maraso igihe kirekire. Ibi byongera ibyago byo kwandura hepatite iterwa na toxine.
• Kugira impinduka runaka mu mbaraga. Gukomokaho impinduka runaka mu mbaraga z'umubiri zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imisemburo y'umwijima isenya uburozi bishobora gutuma ugira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura hepatite iterwa na toxine.
• Gukora imirimo ikoresha uburozi bw'inganda. Gukora imirimo ikoresha ibintu runaka by'inganda bigushyira mu kaga ko kwandura hepatite iterwa na toxine.

Umwijima uzima, uri ibumoso, nta kimenyetso cy'ibibyimba. Mu gihe cy'indwara ya Cirrhosis, iburyo, umutwe ufashe umwanya w'umwijima muzima.

Urukererwe rw'indwara y'umwijima iterwa na virusi rushobora gutera ibibyimba n'ibikomere ku mwijima. Mu gihe, ibi bibyimba, bizwi nka Cirrhosis, bigora umwijima gukora akazi kawo. Amaherezo Cirrhosis itera gucika intege kw'umwijima. Umuti rukumbi w'indwara y'umwijima idakira ni ugushyira umwijima muzima uturutse ku muntu utanze (kubaga umwijima).

Kuko bitashoboka kumenya uko uzagira igihe ufashe imiti runaka, hepatite y'uburozi ntibishoboka kuyikumira buri gihe. Ariko ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umwijima niba:

• Ufashe imiti ukurikije amabwiriza gusa. Kurikira amabwiriza neza ku muti uwo ari wo wose ufashe. Ntukarenge umubare wategetswe, nubwo ibimenyetso byawe bisa ntibitagenda neza. Kubera ko ingaruka z'imiti igabanya ububabare iboneka mu maduka rimwe na rimwe ziboneka vuba, biragoye kurenza urugero.
• Kora ubwenge ku bimera n'ibinyobwa by'imiti. Ntibyumvikane ko umusaruro w'umwimerere utazatera ikibazo. Banza uganire n'umuganga wawe ku byiza n'ibyago mbere yo gufata ibimera n'ibinyobwa by'imiti. Ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ubuzima gifite urubuga rwa LiverTox, aho ushobora gushaka imiti n'ibinyobwa by'imiti kugira ngo urebe niba bifitanye isano no kwangirika kw'umwijima.
• Ntuvange inzoga n'imiti. Inzoga n'imiti ni umuvange mubi. Niba ufashe acetaminophen, ntunywe inzoga. Baza muganga wawe cyangwa umuganga w'imiti ku bijyanye n'inzoga n'izindi miti y'amabwiriza n'itavugwaho rumwe ukoresha.
• Jya witonda ku binyabutabire. Niba ukora cyangwa ukoresha ibintu byangiza, jya witonda kugira ngo wirinde kwandura. Niba uhuye n'ikintu kibangamira, kurikira amabwiriza aho ukora, cyangwa hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi zaho cyangwa ikigo cy'aho uba gishinzwe kurwanya uburozi kugira ngo ubone ubufasha.
• Gabanya imiti n'ibinyabutabire kure y'abana. Gabanya imiti yose n'ibinyobwa by'imiti kure y'abana kandi mu bikoresho bidashobora gufungurwa n'abana kugira ngo abana batabishobora kurya batabizi.

Ubuvivi bw'umwijima ni uburyo bwo gukuramo agace gato k'umwijima kugira ngo ucukumbuzwe muri laboratwari. Ubuvivi bw'umwijima busanzwe bukorwa hashingiwe ku gushyira umugozi mwinshi mu ruhu no mu mwijima.

Ibizamini n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kumenya indwara y'umwijima iterwa na bagiteri harimo:

• Isuzuma ngororamubiri. Muganga wawe arashobora gukora isuzuma ngororamubiri no kubika amateka yawe y'ubuzima. Menya neza kuzana mu nama yawe imiti yose ukoresha, harimo n'imiti igurishwa mu maduka idafite amabwiriza y'abaganga n'ibimera, mu bipfunyika byayo byambere. Bwira muganga wawe niba ukora imirimo ikoresha ibintu by'inganda cyangwa niba ushobora kuba warahuriye n'imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica ibyatsi cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza ibidukikije.
• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini by'amaraso bishakisha urwego rwo hejuru rw'imisemburo runaka y'umwijima. Urwego rw'iyi misemburo rushobora kwerekana uko umwijima wawe ukora.
• Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira ikizamini cyo kubona ishusho kugira ngo akore ishusho y'umwijima wawe akoresheje ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) cyangwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ibindi bizamini byo kubona ishusho bishobora kuba magnetic elastography na transient elastography.
• Ubuvivi bw'umwijima. Ubuvivi bw'umwijima bushobora gufasha kwemeza uburwayi bw'umwijima uterwa na bagiteri no gusiba ibindi bintu byabiteye. Mu gihe cy'ubuvivi bw'umwijima, umugozi ukoreshwa mu gukuramo agace gato k'umubiri w'umwijima. Agaciro gakorwaho hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi.