Toxoplasmose

Toxoplasmose (tok-so-plaz-MOE-sis) ni ubwandu buterwa n'agakoko kitwa Toxoplasma gondii. Akenshi abantu barwara iyo barya inyama zidakozwe neza. Ushobora no kuyandura ukoze ku manya y'ikinyamaswa. Agakoko gashobora kwambuka ku mwana mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Abantu benshi banduye aka gakoko nta bimenyetso bagaragaza. Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso nk'iby'umururumba. Indwara ikomeye ikunda kwibasira abana bato n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. Toxoplasmose mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora gutera gukoma mu nda no kubyara abana bafite ubumuga.

Ubundi bwandu ntabwo bukeneye kuvurwa. Imiti ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite uburwayi bukomeye, abagore batwite, abana bavutse vuba n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. Ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda toxoplasmose zishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Abenshi banduye toxoplasmose nta bimenyetso bagira. Akenshi ntibaba bazi ko banduye. Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso nk'iby'umurwayi wa grippe, birimo: Ubushyuhe.Udukoko tw'umwijima twabyimba bishobora kumara ibyumweru.Kubabara umutwe.Kubabara umubiri.Uruhu rureruka.Udukoko twa toxoplasma dushobora kwandura imyanya y'ijisho ryo imbere.Ibi bishobora kubaho mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buzima.Ariko iyi ndwara ikomeye cyane mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke.Ikibazo cyo kwandura mu jisho cyitwa ocular toxoplasmosis.Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:Kubabara amaso.Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza.Ibicu, bishobora kugaragara nk'ibintu bito byogeka mu maso yawe.Indwara y'amaso idakize ishobora gutera ubuhumyi.Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bashobora kugira indwara ikomeye iterwa na toxoplasmose.Ikibazo cya toxoplasmose cyabayeho mu buzima bwa kera gishobora kongera kugaragara.Abantu bari mu kaga barimo abana na virusi itera SIDA, abantu bavurwa kanseri n'abantu bafite umubiri watewe.Uretse indwara ikomeye y'amaso, toxoplasmose ishobora gutera indwara ikomeye y'ibihaha cyangwa ubwonko ku muntu ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke.Gake, iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara mu bindi bice by'umubiri.Ikibazo cy'ibihaha gishobora gutera:Ibibazo byo guhumeka.Ubushyuhe.Inkorora.Toxoplasmose ishobora gutera umuriro w'ubwonko, witwa encephalitis.Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:Ubwenge buke.Kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa.Intege nke z'imitsi.Imihango.Guhinduka k'ubushishozi.Toxoplasmose ishobora kwambuka kuva ku mubyeyi ku mwana mu gihe cyo gutwita.Ibi bita toxoplasmose yavuka.Kwandura mu gihe cy'amezi atatu ya mbere akenshi biterwa n'indwara ikomeye.Bishobora kandi gutera ipfa ry'umwana.Ku bana bamwe bafite toxoplasmose, indwara ikomeye ishobora kubaho igihe cyo kuvuka cyangwa ikagaragara hakiri kare mu buto.Ibibazo by'ubuvuzi bishobora kuba birimo:Amazi menshi mu bwonko cyangwa hafi yabwo, byitwa hydrocephalus.Ikibazo gikomeye cy'amaso.Uburwayi bw'imiterere y'ubwonko.Umwijima cyangwa umwijima ukomeye.Ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye bitandukanye.Bishobora kuba birimo:Ibibazo byo gutekereza cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa.Ubuhumyi cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'amaso.Ibibazo by'amatwi.Imihango.Indwara z'umutima.Umuhondo ku ruhu no ku maso y'amaso, byitwa jaundice.Uruhu rureruka.Abana benshi bafite toxoplasmose nta bimenyetso bagira.Ariko ibibazo bishobora kugaragara nyuma mu buto cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubwangavu.Ibi birimo:Gusubira kw'indwara z'amaso.Ibibazo byo gutera imbere mu mikorere y'umubiri.Ibibazo byo gutekereza no kwiga.Kubura kumva.Gutinda gukura.Gukura imburagihe.Vugana n'abaganga bawe ku bijyanye n'isuzuma niba uhangayikishijwe no kwandura iyi mikororomiko.Niba uteganya gutwita cyangwa uri gutwita, reba umuganga wawe niba ukeka ko wanduye.Ibimenyetso bya toxoplasmose ikomeye birimo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza, ubwenge buke no kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa.Ibi bikeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, cyane cyane niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke.

Ugomba kuvugana n'abaganga bawe ku bipimo niba uhangayikishijwe no kwandura iyi parasite. Niba uteganya gutwita cg utwite, reba umuganga wawe niba ukeka ko wayanduye. Ibimenyetso bya toxoplasmose ikomeye birimo kubura neza kw'amaso, gucika intekerezo no kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa, cyane cyane niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza.

Toxoplasma gondii ni ikimuga gishobora kwandura inyamaswa na nyoni nyinshi. Gishobora gusohoza umuganda wose wo kwibyarira mu bikura n'injangwe z'inkazi gusa. Izo ni zo nyirabayazana z'icyo kimuga.

Amagi atarakuze, urwego rwo hagati mu kwibyarira, ashobora kuba mu manya y'injangwe. Iryo gihiye kitarakuze ritera icyo kimuga kugera mu muryango w'ibiribwa. Gishobora kuva mu butaka no mu mazi kikajya mu bimera, mu nyamaswa no mu bantu. Iyo icyo kimuga kimaze kubona umuyobozi mushya, umuganda wo kwibyarira ukomeza ukaba intandaro y'ubwandu.

Niba ufite ubuzima busanzwe, ubudahangarwa bwawe burahagarika ibyo bikimuga. Biguma mu mubiri wawe ariko ntibikora. Ibi bikunyeza ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwose. Niba usubira kwandura icyo kimuga, ubudahangarwa bwawe burakirukana.

Niba ubudahangarwa bwawe bugabanuka mu myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, kwibyarira kw'icyo kimuga bishobora kongera gutangira. Ibi biterwa n'ubwandu bushya bukora bushobora gutera indwara zikomeye n'ingaruka mbi.

Abantu bakunze kwandura toxoplasmose mu buryo bumwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Amanywa y'injangwe afite icyo kimuga. Injangwe zivuga cyangwa zigaburirwa inyama z'ibinyabuzima bitarimo kubikwa zirushaho kuba zifite udukoko twa toxoplasmose. Ushobora kwandura iyo ukoze ku kanwa kawe nyuma yo gukora ku kintu cyose cyakoreweho n'amanya y'injangwe. Ibi bishobora kuba ukilima cyangwa ukoshya agasanduku k'amanya.
• Ibiribwa cyangwa amazi byanduye. Inyama z'inka, iz'intama, iz'ingurube, iz'inkazi, iz'inkoko n'iz'amafi bitarimo kubikwa byose bizwiho kuba bifite icyo kimuga. Amata y'ihene atarimo kubikwa n'amazi yo kunywa atarimo kubikwa na byo bishobora kuba bifite icyo kimuga.
• Imbuto n'imboga zidatogosheje. Ubuso bw'imbuto n'imboga bushobora kuba bufite icyo kimuga.
• Ibikoresho byo guteka byanduye. Ibyo bikimuga bishobora kuba ku mabati yo gutekesha, ku bikoresho byo gutekesha n'ibindi bikoresho bihuza n'inyama z'ibinyabuzima bitarimo kubikwa cyangwa imbuto n'imboga zidatogosheje.
• Guhinduranya imyanya y'umubiri cyangwa amaraso yanduye. Gake, udukoko twa toxoplasmose twambukiranya mu guhinduranya imyanya y'umubiri cyangwa mu kuvanga amaraso.

Udukoko twangiza umubiri tuboneka hirya no hino ku isi. Umuntu wese arashobora kwandura.

Ibyago byo kurwara indwara ikomeye iterwa na toxoplasmose birimo ibintu bidindiza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu kurwanya ubwandu, nka:

• Ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA/AIDS.
• Imiti yo kuvura kanseri.
• Imiti ikomeye ya steroide.
• Imiti ibuza umubiri kwanga ibitera by'imbere byasimbuwe.

Umuntu ashobora kwirinda toxoplasmose akoresheje ibi bintu bikurikira:

• Kambara utuzu iyo ugiye guhinga cyangwa ugakora ku butaka. Kambara utuzu iyo ukorera hanze. Nyuma yo gukora, kumesa intoki zawe n'amazi n'isabune.
• Ntukarebe inyama zidatezwe cyangwa zitetse nabi. Koresha ithermometre y'inyama kugira ngo wize neza ko inyama zitetse bihagije. Teka inyama zose n'amafi kugera kuri dogere 145 F (dogere 63 C) hanyuma uzireke iminota itatu. Teka inyama zometse kugera kuri dogere 160 F (dogere 71 C). Teka inkoko zose n'izometse kugera kuri dogere 165 F (dogere 74 C).
• Ntukarebe amafi adatetse. Ntukarebe amafi adatetse nka clams, mussels cyangwa oysters, cyane cyane igihe utwite.
• Komesha ibikoresho byo guteka neza. Kumesa ibikoresho byo guteka, ibyuma n'ibindi bikoresho byo guteka n'amazi asabune nyuma yo gukora ku nyama zidatezwe cyangwa imboga n'imbuto zidatezwe. Kumesa intoki zawe neza mbere na nyuma yo gutegura ibiryo.
• Komesha imboga n'imbuto zose. Kumesa imboga n'imbuto mbere yo kuzirya, kuzikuramo uruhu cyangwa kuziteka.
• Ntukanywe amata atatetse y'ihene. Irinde amata atatetse y'ihene cyangwa ibiryo bikomoka kuri ayo mata.
• Ntukanywe amazi adatetse. Igihe utwite, ntukanywe amazi adatetse.
• Fata amabati y'abana. Fata amabati y'abana kugira ngo birinde ko ibyatsi byo hanze bibikoresha nk'aho ari ubwiherero. Niba utwite cyangwa uri mu kaga ko kwandura toxoplasmose, fata ibi bintu kugira ngo wirinde:
• Fasha ibyatsi byawe kuguma bikomeye. Komereza ibyatsi byawe imbere. Bihe ibiryo byumye cyangwa ibiryo by'ibyatsi bitetse, ntube uhe inyama zidatezwe cyangwa zitetse nabi.
• Irinde ibyatsi by'injangwe cyangwa ibyana by'injangwe. Irinde ibyatsi by'injangwe, cyane cyane ibyana by'injangwe. Ntukagire injangwe nshya igihe utwite.
• Reka undi muntu akomeze ubwiherero bw'ibyatsi. Kumesa ubwiherero buri munsi, niba bishoboka. Niba undi muntu adashobora kubukomesha, bambara utuzu n'igipfunyika cyo mu maso kugira ngo uhindure ibishashara. Hanyuma kumesa intoki zawe neza.

Ubwoko bwa toxoplasmose bugenzurwa hakurikijwe ibizamini by'amaraso. Ibizamini bya laboratwari bishobora kugaragaza ubwoko bubiri bw'antikorps. Antikorps imwe ni ikintu cy'ubudahangarwa kiboneka mu gihe cy'ubwandu bushya kandi bukomeye bw'umubu. Antikorps indi ibaho niba wari waranduye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe gishize. Bitewe n'ibyavuye mu bizamini, umuvuzi wawe ashobora gusubiramo ikizamini nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri.

Hariho ibindi bizamini byo gupima bikoreshejwe bitewe n'ibimenyetso bindi, ubuzima bwawe n'ibindi bintu.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'amaso, uzakenera isuzuma ryakozwe n'umuganga w'inzobere mu ndwara z'amaso, witwa umuganga w'amaso. Isuzuma rishobora kuba ririmo gukoresha lenti cyangwa camera zihariye zemerera umuganga kubona ingingo ziri mu jisho.

Niba hari ibimenyetso by'uburibwe bw'ubwonko, ibizamini bishobora kuba birimo ibi bikurikira:

• Amashusho y'ubwonko. MRI cyangwa CT scan zikoreshwa mu gukora amashusho y'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza imiterere idasanzwe mu bwonko ifitanye isano na toxoplasmose.
• Isuzuma rya cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). CSF ni umusemburo ukikuje kandi ukarengera ubwonko n'umugongo. Ibizamini bya laboratwari bishobora kugaragaza toxoplasma muri CSF niba hari ubwandu mu bwonko.
• Ingingo z'ubwonko. Gake, ingingo zikurwa mu bwonko kugira ngo hagaragare umubu.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abagore batwite ntibapimwa buri gihe toxoplasmose. Inama zo gupima zitandukanye mu bindi bihugu.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kukutegeka ikizamini cy'amaraso cyo gupima niba:

• Ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kuba biterwa n'ubwandu bukomeye bwa toxoplasma.
• Amashusho ya ultrasound y'umwana wawe agaragaza imiterere idasanzwe ifitanye isano na toxoplasmose.

Niba ufite ubwandu bukomeye, bushobora kwanduza umwana wawe uri mu nda. Ubwoko bugenzurwa hakurikijwe ibizamini by'umusemburo ukikuje umwana, witwa amniotic fluid. Igipimo gifatwa hakoreshejwe umugozi mwiza winjira mu ruhu rwawe ukagera mu gice cyuzuyemo umusemburo gifite umwana.

Umuganga wawe azategeka ikizamini niba:

• Ugaragaye ko ufite umubu.
• Ibyavuye mu bizamini byawe bitumvikana.
• Amashusho ya ultrasound y'umwana agaragaza imiterere idasanzwe ifitanye isano na toxoplasmose.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bitegekwa kugira ngo hagenzurwe toxoplasmose mu mwana wavutse niba hari icyizere cy'ubwandu. Umwana ugaragaye ko afite ubwandu azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo hagaragare kandi hakurikiranwe indwara. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ultrasound cyangwa CT scan y'ubwonko.
• Ibizamini by'umusemburo ukikuje ubwonko n'umugongo.
• Ibizamini by'amaso.
• Ibizamini by'amatwi.
• Isuzuma ry'imikorere y'ubwonko, ryitwa electrocephalogram.