Trachoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Ubuvuzi

Trachoma ni indwara y’amaso iterwa na bagiteri, ishobora gutera ubuhumyi iyo itabonywe. Iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Chlamydia trachomatis, ikwirakwira cyane mu turere duherereyemo abantu benshi kandi amazi meza make.

Iyi ndwara iratwara abantu benshi ku isi, cyane cyane mu byaro aho amazi meza n’ubuvuzi bibura. Inkuru nziza ni uko trachoma irashobora kwirindwa burundu kandi ikavurwa iyo ibonetse hakiri kare.

Trachoma ni iki?

Trachoma ni indwara y’igihe kirekire y’umwijima n’umunyuramyenge - imyenda y’umwenge ikingira ijisho. Bagiteri itera kubyimba, igihe kirekire, ishobora gutera inyama zikomeye mu gipfukiro cy’ijisho.

Iyo myanya ikomeye ishobora gutuma ijisho rihindukira rigahura n’ijisho, iyi ndwara ikaba yitwa trichiasis. Iyo itabonywe, ubwo buhumeke buhoraho butera umwijima ku munyuramyenge n’ubutabazi bw’amaso burundu.

Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) rivuga ko trachoma ari yo ntandaro y’ubuhumyi iterwa n’indwara ku isi. Ariko, irashobora gukurwaho burundu mu bihugu byateye imbere kubera imibereho myiza n’ubuvuzi.

Ibimenyetso bya Trachoma ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Trachoma bigaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bikunda kumera nk’ibindi bimenyetso by’indwara z’amaso zisanzwe. Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kubona amaso yawe yumva ababara cyangwa adahumuriye, nk’aho hari ikintu kirimo.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bisanzwe birimo:

• Amaso y’umutuku, amazi menshi, yumva ameze nk’umusenyi
• Ibisohora mu maso, cyane cyane mugitondo
• Amapfukiro y’amaso ababara cyangwa yumva aremereye
• Amaso yumva ababara iyo hari urumuri rwinshi
• Uduheri duto cyangwa utubuto mu gipfukiro cy’ijisho hejuru

Uko kwandura kwa gikomere kigenda kirushaho gukomera mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kuza. Uruhu rwawe rw’ijisho ryo hejuru rushobora gutangira gukomera no kubyimba, rugatuma habaho imiterere mibi ku ruhande rw’imbere.

Ibimenyetso bya trachoma bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa birimo:

• Urususi rwo mu jisho rukubita imbere rugakora ku jisho
• Kubabara k’ijisho buri gihe no kumva nk’aho hari ikintu gikubita mu jisho
• Kubura neza kw’ibonwa bidakira n’ubwo wapfunyitse
• Udukoko tw’ibikomere tuboneka ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’uruhu rw’ijisho
• Umucyo w’umweru cyangwa umukara ku jisho

Ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko uburwayi buhoraho bushobora kuba buri kubaho. Uko wakwaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare, ni ko amahirwe yo kwirinda ingaruka z’igihe kirekire aba menshi.

Ni iyihe mityo ya Trachoma?

Abaganga basobanura trachoma mu byiciro bibiri by’ingenzi hashingiwe ku buryo ubwandu bugira ingaruka ku maso yawe. Gusobanukirwa ibi byiciro bifasha mu gupima uburyo bw’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Trachoma ikora ni icyiciro cy’ubwandu aho udukoko twangiza tuba turi kwiyongera mu mubiri w’ijisho ryawe. Muri iki gihe, ushobora kwanduza abandi binyuze mu guhuza cyangwa ibintu byakoreshejwe nka za taweli.

Icyiciro gikora gifite ibyiciro bibiri:

• Ukwandura kwa trachoma-folliculaire (TF): Uduheri duto tuba ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’uruhu rw’ijisho ryawe ryo hejuru
• Ukwandura kwa trachoma-intensifie (TI): Uruhu rw’ijisho ryawe rwo hejuru rubyimba cyane kandi rugaturika

Trachoma ya cicatricielle ibaho iyo ubwandu bwakomeje gutera ibikomere mu ruhu rw’ijisho ryawe. Iki cyiciro si icy’ubwandu, ariko uburwayi bushobora gukomeza kuba kibi cyane udafite ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icyiciro cy’ibikomere gifite kandi imyanya ibiri:

• Ibikomere bya trachoma (TS): Imiterere y’umweru cyangwa imirongo iba ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’uruhu rw’ijisho ryawe rwo hejuru
• Trachomatous trichiasis (TT): Ibikomere bituma urususi rwawe rukubita imbere rugakora ku jisho ryawe

Ubwoko bwa gatanu, ubushasho bw’ijisho (CO), bugaragaza intambwe ya nyuma aho gukuramo inshuro nyinshi kw’imisumari y’amaso yinjira imbere byahumanye ijisho ryawe, bishobora gutera ubuhumyi.

Icyateye Trachoma?

Trachoma iterwa na virusi runaka yitwa Chlamydia trachomatis. Iyi virusi si yo itera indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina - ni ubwoko butandukanye bugaba ku mubiri w’ijisho.

Iyi virusi ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza n’ibicuruzwa byanduye by’amaso cyangwa izuru. Ushobora kwandura trachoma ukoze amaso nyuma yo guhuza n’intoki zanduye, imyenda, cyangwa ibikoresho byakoreshejwe n’umuntu ufite iyi ndwara.

Ibintu byinshi by’ibidukikije birema uburyo bukwiriye bwo gukwirakwira kwa trachoma:

• Isuku nke no kubura amazi meza yo kumesa mu maso
• Kubana mu rugo ruzengurutswe aho indwara zikwirakwira byoroshye
• Kubura uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda, bikurura ibinyamisogwe bishobora gutwara virusi
• Kubura uburyo bwo kuvurirwa hakiri kare kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hafatwe ingamba
• Imigenzo y’umuco ishobora kuba irimo gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nka tuwali cyangwa ibirungo byo kwisiga mu maso

Ibinyamisogwe bigira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara. Bikururwa n’ibicuruzwa by’amaso n’izuru kandi bishobora gutwara virusi kuva kuri umwe ujya kuri undi, cyane cyane mu turere tudafite isuku.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu bishyushye kandi byumye aho umukungugu n’imibereho mibi bikunze kugaragara. Ariko rero, birakomeye kumenya ko umuntu wese ashobora kwandura trachoma naramuka ahuriye na virusi, uko atuye cyangwa uko yifite kose.

Iyo ugomba kujya kwa muganga kubera Trachoma?

Ugomba gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga niba ufite ikibazo cy’amaso gikomeye kidakira mu minsi mike. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye zitera impungenge kuri trachoma.

Tegura umu-appointment na muganga wawe niba ubona ibimenyetso byose hamwe by’amaso y’umutuku, amazi, n’ibicurane, cyane cyane niba wari mu turere trachoma ikunze kuboneka cyangwa wari kumwe n’umuntu ufite indwara y’amaso.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite:

• Kubabara cyane kw’amaso bidindiza ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Guhinduka k’ububone bw’amaso cyangwa amaso y’umwijima
• Urususi rugaragara nk’urukora ku gishishwa cy’ijisho
• Umuco ukomeye ugaragara imbere y’igipfunsi
• Ibimenyetso by’indwara ikwirakwira, nka firive cyangwa imiyoboro y’amaraso y’ibibyimba

Niba uteganya kujya mu turere trachoma ikunze kuboneka, banza uganire na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kwirinda. Bashobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda n’ibimenyetso byo kwitondera.

Ntugatekereze igihe abagize umuryango benshi bagize ibimenyetso nk’ibyo by’amaso, kuko bishobora kugaragaza icyorezo gisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw’ubuzima rusange no kuvura umuryango wose.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura Trachoma?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura trachoma, nubwo gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda. Ibintu byongera ibyago by’ingenzi bijyanye n’imibereho n’ubuvuzi.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bijyanye n’aho uba n’ibidukikije birimo:

• Kuba mu cyaro cyangwa gusura ibyaro bya Afurika, Aziya, Ositaraliya, na bimwe mu bice bya Amerika y’Epfo
• Kuba mu muryango udafite amazi meza
• Uturere tudafite isuku n’uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda
• Ibihe bishyushye, byumye, bikunze kugira imivura y’umukungugu
• Uturere dufite uturere twinshi tw’ibinyabuzima kandi uburyo bwo kubirwanya buke

Ibintu bijyanye n’imibereho n’imibare y’abaturage byongera ibyago birimo kuba umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 10, kuko akenshi aba ari hafi y’abanduye kandi ashobora kutamenya isuku neza.

Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi kurusha abagabo, igice kimwe cyabyo ni uko bakunda kuba abitaho abana barwaye kandi bashobora guhura kenshi n’ubwandu bwa bagiteri binyuze mu bikorwa byo kwita ku bana.

Ibindi bintu byongera ibyago ku giti cyawe birimo:

• Kubana mu nzu zituwe cyane aho abantu benshi bahuriye ahantu hake
• Kubura uburyo bwo kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare kandi havurwe
• Ubukene, busanzwe bujyana n’isuku nke n’uburyo buke bwo kujya kwa muganga
• Kuba wararwaye trachoma mbere, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura ukundi
• Gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu nk’amakariso, ibyo kuryamaho, cyangwa ibirungo byo kwisiga mu maso

Kugira ibyo bintu byongera ibyago ntibihamya ko uzagira trachoma, ariko kubimenya bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba ubonye ibimenyetso.

Ni iki gishobora guterwa na Trachoma?

Ingaruka mbi cyane ya trachoma idakize ni ubuhumyi buhoraho, bugira ingaruka kuri miliyoni z’abantu ku isi hose. Ariko kandi, ibyo bishobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye no kuvugurura hakiri kare.

Gutera ubuhumyi bisanzwe biba binyuze mu ngaruka ziterwa n’ubwandu bwakurikiranye imyaka myinshi n’ubuvuzi buhagije.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kuvuka harimo:

• Trichiasis: Imisatsi y’amaso ihindagurika ikagonga ikirenge cy’ijisho buri gihe
• Umuco ku kirenge cy’ijisho: Gukomeretsa kenshi bituma habaho ibice byera ku ruhu rw’ijisho
• Umuco ukomeye ku kirenge cy’ijisho: Umuco ukomeye ubuza umucyo kwinjira mu jisho uko bikwiye
• Ubundi bwandu bwa bagiteri: Ibikomere byafunguye ku kirenge cy’ijisho bishobora kwandura izindi bagiteri
• Umurire muke w’amaso: Umuco utera ikibazo mu mikorere isanzwe y’amarira

Mu bihe bitoroshye, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuba harimo gucika kw’umunyura wa maso, aho gukura buri gihe bituma habaho umwobo ku mubiri w’ijisho. Iyi mpanuka ikomeye isaba ubutabazi bwa muganga ako kanya kugira ngo hirindwe kubura burundu ry’ijisho.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe zikunze kujyana n’izo mu mubiri, kuko kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona bishobora gutuma umuntu aticuza mu bandi, agahungabana, kandi agakenera ubuzima buke. Abantu benshi barwaye trachoma ikomeye bagira ikibazo cyo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi kandi bashobora kuba bashingiye ku bandi mu kwitabwaho.

Inkuru nziza ni uko izi ngaruka zose zishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw’igihe. Nubwo hariho ibikomere bimwe, ubuvuzi burashobora kugarura imikorere no gukumira iterambere ryayo.

Trachoma Ishobora Kwibwa Gute?

Trachoma irashobora kwirindwa burundu hakoreshejwe imikorere myiza y’isuku, kunoza ibidukikije, n’ingamba z’ubuzima bw’abaturage. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) riharanira ingamba za “SAFE”, zagaragaje ko zifite akamaro gakomeye mu gukumira trachoma mu turere twinshi.

Ingamba zo kwita ku isuku bwite zigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukumira trachoma. Kwoza mu maso no gukaraba intoki kenshi n’amazi meza n’isabune bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

Ingamba z’ingenzi zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwoza mu maso no gukaraba intoki kenshi, cyane cyane mu bana
• Gukoresha amazi meza mu gukaraba no kunywa
• Kwirinda gusangira amapataro, ibyo kuryamaho, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by’umuntu ku giti cye bikora ku maso
• Kugumisha ahantu hatuye hatagira ibinyamugwa
• Gushyingura neza imyanda y’abantu n’iy’amatungo
• Gushaka ubuvuzi bw’igihe ku ndwara z’amaso

Kunoza ibidukikije bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukumira trachoma mu baturage bose. Kugira amahirwe yo kubona amazi meza, kubaka ibikorwa by’isuku, no gushyiraho uburyo bw’imicungire y’imyanda bigabanya cyane umuvuduko w’ikwirakwira ryayo.

Niba ugiye mu turere trachoma ikunze kuboneka, fata ingamba zidasanzwe ukoreshe amazi afunzwe cyangwa avuzwe neza yo kwoza mu maso, wirinde ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi uko bishoboka, kandi ube maso cyane ku isuku y'intoki.

Gahunda zo kwigisha abaturage ibijyanye n'isuku byagaragaye ko bifite akamaro gakomeye mu gukumira indwara ya trachoma no kuyirandura mu turere twari tuyirwaye.

Trachoma Imenyekanwa Gute?

Kumenya trachoma bisanzwe bitangira hakozwe isuzuma ry'amaso rirambuye n'umuganga wita ku buzima cyangwa inzobere mu bijyanye n'amaso. Bazasuzumira hanze n'imbere y'amajuru yawe kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'indwara n'ibikomere.

Muganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso, urugendo rwawe, n'aho ushobora kuba warahuriye n'abarwaye. Aya makuru amufasha kumenya niba ufite trachoma cyangwa izindi ndwara z'amaso.

Isuzuma ngaruka mbere ririmo intambwe nyinshi:

• Kureba amaso yawe, hanze n'imbere
• Kureba ibintu bito (udukombe) biri imbere mu jisho ryawe ryo hejuru
• Kureba ibikomere, kubyimba, cyangwa imirongo yera imbere mu jisho
• Kureba ijisho kugira ngo urebe niba hari iryinjira imbere
• Kureba ijisho kugira ngo urebe niba hari ikibazo, imyanda, cyangwa ibindi bikomere

Mu bihe byinshi, abaganga b'inzobere bashobora kumenya trachoma hashingiwe ku buryo isa gusa. Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) ryahaye uburyo bworoshye bufasha abaganga kumenya buri cyiciro cy'iyi ndwara.

Isuzuma rya laboratoire rishobora gukorwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane iyo kumenya indwara bitagira umusaruro cyangwa mu rwego rw'ubushakashatsi. Ibi bisobanura gufata igice gito cy'uturemangingo mu jisho kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko twa Chlamydia trachomatis.

Rimwe na rimwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha ibizamini byiyongereye nka korneya imaging cyangwa ifoto ya buri kanya y’ijisho kugira ngo hamenyekane uburemere bw’ibibyimba kandi igenwe uburyo bwo kuvura, cyane cyane iyo hagiye gukorwa igikorwa cy’ubuganga.

Ubuvuzi bwa Trachoma ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bwa Trachoma bishingira ku cyiciro cy’indwara ufite, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko hari ubuvuzi bufatika kuri buri cyiciro cyose. Imyanda y’indwara ikibanza cy’ibanze igaragaza igisubizo cyiza cyane ku buvuzi bwa antibiyotike, mu gihe ibibazo byateye imbere bishobora gusaba kubagwa.

Ku myanda ya Trachoma ikora, antibiyotike ni yo y’ibanze mu buvuzi. Muganga wawe azakwandikira azithromycin ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa imiti ya tetracycline isukwa mu jisho, zombi zikaba zifite akamaro gakomeye mu kurwanya udukoko.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe antibiyotike burimo:

• Azithromycin ifatwa mu kanwa: Isanzwe itangwa mu gipimo kimwe, nubwo bimwe mu bibazo bishobora gusaba kongera kuyifata.
• Imiti ya Tetracycline isukwa mu jisho: Ishizwa buri munsi mu byumweru byinshi, ikaba ifitiye akamaro cyane cyane ku myanda yibasiye ahantu runaka.
• Doxycycline: Antibiyotike ifatwa mu kanwa ikoreshwa nk’ubundi buryo ku bakuru badashobora gufata azithromycin.
• Erythromycin: Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa ku bana cyangwa abagore batwite igihe izindi antibiyotike zitakwiriye.

Urugo rwose cyangwa umuryango wose ushobora gukenera kuvurwa icyarimwe kugira ngo wirinde kwandura ukundi, nubwo bamwe mu bagize umuryango batagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ubu buryo, bwitwa gutanga imiti ku bantu benshi, bwagaragaje ko bufite akamaro gakomeye mu gukuraho Trachoma mu turere twose.

Ku myanda ya Trachoma yateye imbere ifite trichiasis (amashati yinjira imbere), kubagwa ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe gukomeretsa kornea. Igikorwa cy’ubuganga gikunze gukorwa cyitwa bilamellar tarsal rotation, gisubiza umugozi w’ijisho kugira ngo amashati asubire hanze.

Kubagwa kubera ingaruka za Trachoma bisanzwe bikubiyemo:

• Ubuganga bwo kuvura indwara ya Trichiasis: Gukosora ijisho ryinjira mu gihuru kugira ngo birinde gukomeretsa ijisho.
• Gusana ijisho: Gusubiramo imiterere y’amaso yakomeretse cyane kugira ngo yongere imikorere.
• Gusimbuza ijisho: Bikenewe gake cyane ku gisebe gikomeye cy’ijisho kigira ingaruka ku kubona.

Kuvura indwara ya trachoma bisanzwe bigenda neza iyo byafashwe hakiri kare. Abantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara babona impinduka zikomeye mu minsi mike nyuma yo gutangira gufata imiti igabanya ubukana, hanyuma ikarangira burundu mu byumweru bike.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mugihe ufite trachoma?

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe mugihe uvurwa trachoma bigamije gufasha gukira no gukumira ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara ku bandi. Kugendera ku mabwiriza y’umuganga wawe mu gufata imiti ni bwo buryo bw’ingenzi cyane ushobora gukoresha.

Kugira ngo imiti ikorere neza, ni ngombwa kuyinywa yose nubwo waba wumva umeze neza, kandi imiti inyobwa igomba kunyobwa mu gihe kimwe buri munsi. Niba ukoresha imiti yo kwisiga mu jisho, ishizeho ufite intoki zimeze neza, kandi wirinda gukora igikombe cy’imiti ku jisho cyangwa ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ibintu bishobora kugufasha kuruhuka mugihe uri gukira harimo:

• Gushiraho ibintu byakonjeshejwe, binyoze kugira ngo bigabanye ububabare n’ubwuzu bw’amaso.
• Gukoresha amarira y’imiti kugira ngo ufashe amaso yumye, ariko hitamo adafite ibintu byongera ubuzima.
• Kwambara izibuza izuba iyo uri hanze kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw’izuba.
• Kwirinda kwisiga no gukoresha lentili z’amaso kugeza wakize neza.
• Kugumisha ahantu hatuye hakeye kandi hatagira umukungugu uko bishoboka kose.

Kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza abagize umuryango wawe, ugomba kwita cyane ku isuku. Koga intoki kenshi, cyane cyane nyuma yo gukora ku jisho, kandi wirinda gusangira amapataro, ibyo kuryamaho, cyangwa ibindi bintu bikora ku maso.

Ugomba gukaraba cyangwa gusimbuza ibyo kuryamaho, amapataro, n’ibitambaro buri munsi mu gihe uri kurwara.

Tekereza gukoresha tissue zishobora kujugunywa aho gukoresha ibitambaro, kandi uzijugunye ako kanya umaze kubikoresha.

Komeza ukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe hafi, kandi uhamagare umuganga wawe niba ubona ububabare bwiyongereye, ibinyabutabire byiyongereye, cyangwa impinduka z’ububone. Abantu benshi bumva barushijeho kumererwa neza mu minsi mike nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa, bityo ibimenyetso bikomeza cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi bikwiye kuvurwa na muganga.

Wategura Gute Umuhango wawe wo Kubonana na Muganga?

Gutegura umuhango wawe wo kubonana na muganga bifasha kwemeza ko ubonye ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubuvuzi bukwiye kubimenyetso byawe by’amaso. Kuzana amakuru akwiye no kubaza ibibazo bikwiye bishobora gutuma uruzinduko rwawe ruba ingirakamaro kurushaho.

Mbere y’umuhango wawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uburyo byahindutse uko iminsi igenda. Bandika ibikorwa cyangwa ibintu byose bishobora kuba bifitanye isano, nko kugenda vuba aha cyangwa kuvugana n’umuntu wagize indwara y’amaso.

Amakuru yo gutegura harimo:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibimenyetso nigihe buri kimwe cyatangiye
• Uruzinduko rwoherutse, cyane cyane mu turere trachoma ikunze kuboneka
• Guhuza n’abantu bagize indwara z’amaso
• Imiti ukoresha ubu n’uburyo ubona allergie
• Ibibazo by’amaso byabanje cyangwa ibyabaga
• Amateka y’indwara z’amaso mu muryango

Zana urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe. Ntukabe umuntu uhangayikishijwe no kubaza ibibazo byinshi - kumva uko uhagaze bigufasha gukurikiza inama z’ubuvuzi neza.

Ibibazo by’ingenzi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ndiri mu cyiciro cya trachoma ki, kandi bisobanura iki?
• Ubuvuzi buzamara igihe kingana iki, kandi ni ryari nakwitega kuzamera neza?
• Abandi bantu bo mu muryango bakeneye gupimwa cyangwa kuvurwa?
• Ni iki nakora mu rugo kugira ngo mfashwe gukira?
• Ni ryari nakugana niba ibimenyetso byarushijeho kuba bibi?
• Hariho ingaruka zizakomeza ku mbonerwa yanjye?

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango w’umuntu wizeye kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha mu kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’isuzumwa. Kugira undi muntu uhari bishobora kugufasha cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa uhangayitse kubera ibimenyetso byawe.

Ni iki cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya kuri Trachoma?

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya kuri trachoma ni uko irashobora kwirindwa burundu kandi ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Nubwo igikomeza kuba intandaro ikomeye y’ubupfapfa bw’amaso mu duce tumwe na tumwe tw’isi, ubuvuzi bwihuse bushobora gukumira ingaruka zayo zose zikomeye.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura ni ingenzi cyane. Niba ufite ikibazo cy’amaso gikomeye, ibintu bivamo amaso, cyangwa ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cy’indwara, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu turere trachoma ikunze kuboneka, shaka ubuvuzi vuba.

Kwiringira ni yo ngamba nziza yo kurwanya trachoma. Ibikorwa byoroshye nko gukaraba isura buri gihe n’amazi meza, gukurikiza isuku nziza, no kwirinda gusangira ibintu bya buri muntu bishobora kugukingira neza wowe n’umuryango wawe ku ndwara.

Ku bantu babonye trachoma, ibyiringiro ni byiza iyo bavuwe neza. Antibiyotike zigezweho zifite akamaro cyane mu kurwanya udukoko, kandi uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora gukosora ingaruka zikomeye. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukurikiza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi rwose no gukomeza isuku nziza.

Wibuke ko gukumira trachoma bishoboka - ibihugu byinshi byarabikuyemo nk’ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange binyuze mu bikorwa bifatanije birimo kuvura, kwigisha isuku, no kunoza ibidukikije.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Kuri Trachoma

Ese trachoma yandura?

Yego, trakoma iranduza cyane mu gihe cy’ubwandu bukomeye. Ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza umubiri n’ibyondo by’amaso cyangwa izuru by’abanduye, intoki zanduye, amasahani cyangwa imyenda. Imibu nayo ishobora gutwara ubwo bwandu kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi. Ariko, iyo ubuvuzi bwatangiye, ubusanzwe uba utakiri kwanduza mu masaha 24-48.

Ese trakoma irakizwa burundu?

Yego rwose. Ubwandu bukomeye bwa trakoma bushobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye ya antibiyotike. Ndetse n’uburwayi bukomeye bufite inenge bushobora kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi kugira ngo hirindwe ubuhumyi. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona ubuvuzi mbere yuko ijisho rihangirika burundu. Hamwe no kuvurwa hakiri kare, abantu benshi barakira neza nta ngaruka ziramba.

Ese trakoma imara igihe kingana iki itera ubuhumyi?

Ubuhumyi buterwa na trakoma busanzwe butinda kugaragara imyaka myinshi cyangwa ndetse n’imyaka mirongo myinshi y’ubwandu busubiramo budakize neza. Si ubwandu bwa mbere butera ubuhumyi, ahubwo ni ibikomere byinshi bituruka ku bwandu bwinshi. Uku gutinda kw’uburwayi ni byiza kuko bisobanura ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kubuvura no gukumira ihuma.

Ese trakoma isa na chlamydia yanduza mu mibonano mpuzabitsina?

Oya, nubwo zombi ziterwa na bakteriya ya Chlamydia, ni indwara zitandukanye cyane ziterwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubwo bwandu. Trakoma yo mu maso iterwa na Chlamydia trachomatis serovars A, B, Ba, na C, zibangamira cyane imikaya y’amaso. Indwara yanduza mu mibonano mpuzabitsina iterwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa serovars (D-K) bugira ingaruka ahanini ku mubiri w’ibitsina n’inzira y’umushinya.

Ese ushobora kwandura trakoma incuro zirenze imwe?

Yego, ushobora kwandura trachoma incuro nyinshi kuko kwandura ntibiha ubudahangarwa burambye. Kwandura ukundi biba byoroheye cyane mu bice trachoma ikunze kuboneka kandi isuku ihabaye mibi. Ni yo mpamvu kuvura abaturage bose icyarimwe no kunoza imibereho ifasha mu kwirinda burundu. Ibyandura byabanje bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara cyane iyo wanduye ukundi.