Tracoma

Trakomi (truh-KOH-muh) ni indwara iterwa na bagiteri ikaba igira ingaruka ku maso yawe. Iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Chlamydia trachomatis. Trakomi irandura, ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza amaso, ijisho, n'ibyondo byo mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo by'abantu barwaye. Ishobora kandi kwandura binyuze mu gukora ku bintu byanduye, nka za kaseti.

Mu ntangiriro, trakomi ishobora gutera guhumeka no kubabara gato mu maso no mu mijisho. Hanyuma ushobora kubona ko amaso ari kubyimba kandi hari ibyondo bivuye mu maso. Trakomi itabonye ubuvuzi ishobora gutera ubuhumbu.

Trakomi ni yo ntandaro y'ubuhumbu ishobora kwirindwa ku isi hose. Abenshi barwaye trakomi baba mu bice bikennye bya Afurika, aho 85% by'abantu bafite iyi ndwara baba. Mu bice trakomi ikunze kuboneka, umubare w'abanduye mu bana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 ushobora kuba 60% cyangwa birenga.

Kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka za trakomi.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya trachome bisanzwe bigira ku maso yombi kandi bishobora kuba birimo: Kuryaryatwa gukomeye no gucika intege by'amaso n'amajuru Ibinyabutabire by'amaso birimo umusemburo cyangwa ibyuya Kubura amajuru Kuzana umucyo (photophobia) Kubabara amaso Urubura rw'amaso Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona Abana bato cyane cyane nibo bahura n'ubwandu. Ariko iyi ndwara itera gahoro gahoro, kandi ibimenyetso bibabaza cyane bishobora kutaboneka kugeza mu bukure. Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) ryagaragaje intambwe eshanu mu iterambere rya trachome: Urubura — follicular. Ubundu bwambere bufite imikaya itanu cyangwa irenga — ibintu bito birimo lymphocytes, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera — bigaragara neza hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo kubona ku ruhu rw'imbere rw'uruhu rwawe rwo hejuru (conjunctiva). Urubura — rukomeye. Muri iyi ntambwe, ijisho ryawe rimaze kwandura cyane kandi rirababara, rifite uburemere cyangwa kubyimbagira kw'uruhu rwo hejuru. Amaduka y'amaso. Udukoko twisubiramo bituma amaduka y'imbere y'amaso apfa. Inkovu zikunze kugaragara nk'imigozi yera iyo ubisuzumye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo kubona. Uruhu rwawe rushobora guhinduka kandi rushobora kwinjira (entropion). Umusatsi winjiye (trichiasis). Uruhu rw'imbere rw'uruhu rwawe rukomeza guhinduka, bituma imisatsi yawe yinjirira mu maso kugira ngo ikubite kandi ikomereke uruhu rwo hanze rw'ijisho (cornea). Umucyo wa cornea (opacity). Cornea irashobora kwandura indwara ikunze kuboneka munsi y'uruhu rwawe rwo hejuru. Udukoko dukomeza gukomera hamwe no gukomeretsa imisatsi yinjiye bituma cornea iba umucyo. Ibimenyetso byose bya trachome birakabije mu ruhu rwawe rwo hejuru kuruta mu ruhu rwawe rwo hasi. Utabonye ubufasha, uburyo bw'indwara butangira mu bwana bushobora gukomeza gutera imbere mu bukure. Hamagara muganga wawe niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite amaso yaryaryatse cyangwa ababara cyangwa ibinyabutabire by'amaso, cyane cyane niba utuye cyangwa uherutse kujya mu gace trachome ikunze kuboneka. Trachome ni indwara yandura. Kuvuza vuba bishoboka bifasha kwirinda ubwandu bukomeye.

Hamagara muganga wawe niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite amaso y'inzoka cyangwa araryarya cyangwa amaso akamucikaho ibintu, cyane cyane niba utuye cyangwa uherutse kuva mu gace trachoma ikunze kuboneka. Trachoma ni indwara yandura. Kuyivura vuba bishobora gukumira ubwandu bukomeye.

Trakomi iterwa na Chlamydia trachomatis zimwe na zimwe, ikimera gishobora kandi guteza indwara yandura mpuzabitsina ya klamidiya.

Trakomi ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhuza n'ibyondo bivuye mu maso cyangwa mu mazuru y'umuntu wanduye. Amaboko, imyenda, udutabo n'udukoko byose bishobora kuba inzira zo kuyikwirakwiza. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ibinyamisogwe bishaka amaso na byo ni uburyo bwo kuyikwirakwiza.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura trachome birimo:

• Utugorane two kubana. Abantu baba hafi cyane bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza.
• Isuku nke. Isuku nke, kutagira amazi ahagije, no kutagira isuku, nko kuba umuntu adasukura mu maso cyangwa mu ntoki, bituma iyi ndwara ikwirakwira.
• Imyaka. Mu turere iyi ndwara iba ikaze, igaragara cyane mu bana bari hagati y'imyaka 4 na 6.
• Ibitsina. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, igipimo cy'abagore bandura iyi ndwara kiri hejuru kabiri kugeza kuri gatandatu ugereranyije n'abagabo. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko abagore bahura cyane n'abana, ari bo bagira uruhare runini mu kwanduza.
• Iyiburiburi. Abantu baba mu duce tugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura umubare w'ibiburiburi bashobora kwandura iyi ndwara cyane.

Ikibazo kimwe cya tracoma giterwa na Chlamydia trachomatis kivurwa byoroshye hakiri kare kandi hakabaho ikoreshwa rya antibiyotike. Ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ubwandu bwakurikiyeho bishobora gutera ingaruka, zirimo:

• Udukoba mu gice cy'imbere cy'igitutu cy'ijisho
• Imihindagurikire y'igitutu cy'ijisho, nko gukubita imbere (entropion) cyangwa iminwa y'imisatsi (trichiasis), bishobora gukomeretsa umunyura wa maso
• Udukoba cyangwa ubushyuhe mu munyura wa maso
• Kubura kubona igice cyangwa cyose

Niba warigeze kuvurwa trachoma hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyorezo cyangwa kubagwa, kwandura ukundi bihora biteye impungenge. Kugira ngo wirinde kandi kurinda abandi, komeza ube maso ko abagize umuryango wawe cyangwa abandi mubana bafatwa ibisubizo, kandi niba ari ngombwa, bavurwe trachoma. Trachoma ishobora kugaragara ku isi hose ariko ikaba igaragara cyane muri Afurika, Aziya, Amerika y'Amajyepfo, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati n'akarere ka Pasifika. Iyo uri mu turere trachoma ikunze kugaragara, witondere cyane kwita ku isuku, ibyo bishobora kugufasha kwirinda kwandura. Ingamba z'isuku nziza zirimo:

• Kumesa mu maso no gukaraba intoki. Kugumisha isuku y'amasura n'intoki bishobora kugufasha guca umuzenguruko wo kwandura ukundi.
• Kurwanya ibinyamisogwe. Kugabanya umubare w'ibinyamisogwe bishobora kugufasha gukumira isoko y'ikwirakwira ry'icyorezo.
• Gukoresha neza imyanda. Gushyira imyanda y'amatungo n'iy'abantu mu buryo bukwiye bishobora kugabanya ahantu habyara ibinyamisogwe.
• Kubona amazi meza. Kugira isoko y'amazi meza hafi bishobora kugufasha kunoza isuku. Nta rukingo rwa trachoma ruhari, ariko kwirinda bishoboka. OMS yateguye ingamba zo kwirinda trachoma, hagamijwe kuyikuraho bitarenze mu 2020. Nubwo icyo gikorwa kitagerwaho rwose, imibare y'abarwaye trachoma yagabanutse cyane. Iyo ngamba, yitwa SAFE, irimo:
• Subagiro kuvura ubwoko bwa trachoma buteye imbere
• Antibiyotike kuvura no kwirinda kwandura
• Fisuku y'isura
• E kunoza ibidukikije, cyane cyane amazi, isuku no kurwanya ibinyamisogwe

Muganga wawe arashobora kubona tracoma abinyujije mu isuzuma ngororamubiri cyangwa atuma icyitegererezo cy'ibyorezo byavuye mu maso yawe kujya kwipimwa muri laboratwari. Ariko, ibizamini bya laboratwari ntibiboneka buri gihe ahantu tracoma ikunze kugaragara.

Uburyo bwo kuvura Trachoma biterwa n'icyiciro cy'indwara. Imiti Mu ntangiriro za Trachoma, kuvura gusa imiti ya antibiyotike birashobora guhagije mu gukumira ubwandu. Muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti yo kwisiga mu maso ya tetracycline cyangwa azithromycin yo kunywa (Zithromax). Azithromycin isa nkaho ikora kurusha tetracycline, ariko ihenze. Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) riragira inama yo guha antibiyotike umuryango wose iyo abana barenga 10% barwaye Trachoma. Intego y'iyi nama ni ukwita kuri buri wese wahuriye na Trachoma no kugabanya ikwirakwira rya Trachoma. Ubuganga Kuvura ibiciro bya nyuma bya Trachoma - harimo n'ibibazo by'amaso bibabaza - bishobora gusaba kubagwa. Muburyo bwo kubaga amaso (kubaga amaso), muganga wawe akora umukozi mu gisenge cyawe cyangiritse maze agahindura ijisho ryawe kure ya cornea. Iyi nzira igabanya iterambere ry'ibibazo bya cornea kandi ishobora gufasha gukumira ibindi bibazo by'ubuhumekero. Niba cornea yawe yabaye imwe kugira ngo igabanye cyane ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona, kubaga cornea bishobora kuba igisubizo gishobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubona. Ushobora kugira uburyo bwo gukuraho ijisho (epilation) mubihe bimwe na bimwe. Iyi nzira ishobora kuba ikenewe gukorwa kenshi. Saba gahunda