Impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima aho imitsi ibiri ikomeye iva ku mutima ihindura aho ijya. Ibi bivuze ko amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni atagera mu mubiri neza, kandi amaraso adafite ogisijeni ahagije atagera mu mwijima nk’uko bikwiye.

Iki kibazo kiba mu gihe cyo gutwita igihe umutima w’umwana urimo gukura. Kigira ingaruka ku bana bagera kuri 1 kuri 4000 bavuka buri mwaka. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, ubuvuzi bugezweho bufite ubuvuzi bwiza bufasha abana bafite iki kibazo kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, buzira amakemwa.

Impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima ni iki?

Mu mutima usanzwe, imitsi ibiri minini itwara amaraso ava ku mutima. Aorta itwara amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni mu mubiri, mu gihe umutsi wa pulmonary artery utwara amaraso adafite ogisijeni ahagije mu mwijima. Mu mpinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima, iyi mitsi ibiri ihindura aho ijya.

Tekereza nk’umuhanda munini wabayeho impinduka mu nzira z’abagenzi. Amaraso aracyagenda, ariko ajya ahantu hatariho. Iruhande rw’iburyo rw’umutima rwohereza amaraso mu mubiri aho kuba mu mwijima, mu gihe iruhande rw’ibumoso rwohereza amaraso mu mwijima aho kuba mu mubiri.

Ibi bituma habaho imikorere y’amaraso ibiri itashobora guhuza neza. Utabonye ubuvuzi, abana ntibabona ogisijeni ihagije mu ngingo zabo n’imiterere y’umubiri wabo. Inkuru nziza ni uko abaganga bashobora gukosora iki kibazo bakoresheje ubuvuzi.

Ni izihe mpande z’impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Hariho ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bw’iki kibazo, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko umwana wawe afite bifasha abaganga gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Impinduka isanzwe (D-TGA): Iyi ni yo mpande isanzwe, aho imitsi minini gusa ihindura aho ijya. Icyumba cyo kubomba amaraso n’amavavu y’umutima bikora neza ubundi. Hagera kuri 70% by’ibibazo ni iyi mpande.

Impinduka igoranye (L-TGA): Muri iyi mpande idasanzwe, imitsi minini n’ibyumba byo hasi by’umutima byombi bihinduka aho bijya. Iyi mpande ikunze kuzana ibindi bibi by’umutima kandi ishobora kutazigera itanga ibimenyetso mu myaka myinshi.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini bidasanzwe kugira ngo amenye ubwoko umwana wawe afite. Aya makuru amufasha gukora gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikwiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Abana benshi bafite iki kibazo bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike bya mbere by’ubuzima. Ibimenyetso bibaho kuko umubiri wabo utabona amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni ahagije.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kubona ku mwana wawe ukiri muto:

• Ibara ry’ubururu cyangwa umutuku ku ruhu, cyane cyane ku minwa, intoki, n’ibirenge
• Gukomeza guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka vuba
• Kurya nabi cyangwa kunanirwa kurya
• Gutinda gukura cyangwa kudakura neza
• Kunyara cyane, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kurya
• Guhora arira cyangwa kugaragaza umujinya udakunze kubaho
• Uburwayi cyangwa kugaragara nk’urushye cyane

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugaragara neza igihe bavuka ariko bagaragaza ibimenyetso igihe imiyoboro y’umutima isanzwe ifunga mu minsi mike ya mbere. Niba ubona ibimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose, hamagara muganga wawe wa buri munsi ako kanya.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe by’impinduka igoranye, ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara kugeza mu bwana cyangwa se mu bukuru. Aba bana bashobora kugira umunaniro, guhumeka nabi mu gihe bakora imyitozo, cyangwa ibibazo by’umutima.

Ni iki gitera impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Iki kibazo kiba mu byumweru 8 bya mbere byo gutwita igihe umutima w’umwana urimo gukura. Intandaro nyakuri ntiyumvikana neza, ariko bibaho igihe imitsi minini idakura mu buryo busanzwe.

Mu gihe cy’iterambere risanzwe ry’umutima, umutima utangira nk’umuyoboro uto uhindagurika kandi ugabanywamo ibyumba. Rimwe na rimwe uyu mukino ugora utabaho neza nk’uko byateganyijwe, bigatuma imitsi ihurira n’ibyumba bitari byo.

Ibyinshi bibaho ku bushake nta ntandaro yihariye. Si ikintu wakoze cyangwa utarakora mu gihe cyo gutwita. Iki kibazo ntigiragasanzwe giherwa mu miryango, nubwo kugira umwana umwe ufite ikibazo cy’umutima byongera gato amahirwe yo kubona mu nda zikurikiyeho.

Bimwe mu bintu bishobora kongera gato ibyago birimo diyabete ya nyina, imiti imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyangwa imyaka myinshi y’umubyeyi. Ariko kandi, abana benshi bafite iki kibazo bavuka ku babyeyi badafite ibyago ibyo ari byo byose.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Hamagara muganga wawe wa buri munsi ako kanya niba ubona ibara ry’ubururu ku ruhu rw’umwana wawe ukiri muto, ku minwa, cyangwa ku misumari. Iri bara ry’ubururu, ryitwa cyanose, risobanura ko umwana wawe atabona ogisijeni ihagije kandi akeneye ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi ako kanya.

Ugomba kandi guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba umwana wawe agira ibibazo byo guhumeka, kurya nabi, cyangwa agasa n’umunaniro cyangwa umujinya udakunze kubaho. Aya bimenyetso bishobora kuza vuba ku bana bato bafite ibibazo by’umutima.

Niba umwana wawe yamenyekanyeho iki kibazo mbere yo kuvuka, komeza umubyare mu bitaro bifite ikigo cyita ku mitima y’abana. Kugira abahanga biteguye kuva umwana avutse bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kwita ku mwana wawe.

Ku bana bakuze bafite impinduka igoranye, banza kureba ibimenyetso nk’umunaniro udakunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gukina, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kurega ububabare mu gituza. Aya bimenyetso ashobora kuza buhoro buhoro kandi akenera isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago by’impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Abana benshi bafite iki kibazo ntabwo bafite ibyago byihariye, ariko zimwe mu mimerere ishobora kongera gato amahirwe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora gufasha mu kubona hakiri kare no gutegura ubuvuzi.

Dore ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago:

• Diyabete ya nyina mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kunywa imiti imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita, nka anti-seizure drugs
• Imyaka myinshi y’umubyeyi (irenga 35)
• Amateka y’umuryango y’ibibazo by’umutima byavutse
• Ibimenyetso bimwe by’indwara z’imiterere nk’indwara ya Down
• Kuhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita

Wibuke ko kugira ibyago ntibivuze ko umwana wawe azagira iki kibazo. Abana benshi bafite ibi byago bavuka bafite imitima imeze neza. Icyakora, abana benshi bafite impinduka nta byago byamenyekanye na gato.

Ni ibihe bibi bishoboka by’impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, iki kibazo gishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye kuko umubiri utabona ogisijeni ihagije. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibi bifasha gusobanura impamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi cyane.

Ibibazo byihuse cyane birimo:

• Kubura ogisijeni bikomeye bigatuma ingingo zangirika
• Kunaniuka kw’umutima kuko umutima ukora cyane
• Kudakura neza no gutinda gukura
• Ibyago byiyongereye by’indwara
• Amaraso akabakaba ashobora gutera stroke
• Umutima uhindagurika

Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’ubuganga bugezweho, abana benshi birinda ibi bibi bikomeye. Ariko kandi, na nyuma y’ubuvuzi bwabaye bwiza, hari ibitekerezo by’igihe kirekire biriho. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gukenera ubundi buvuzi, gukurikirana umutima, cyangwa ibikorwa byagenewe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko abana benshi babona ubuvuzi bukwiye bakura bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe, buzira amakemwa. Kwitabwaho buri gihe na cardiologue yita ku bana bifasha kubona no gukosora ibibazo hakiri kare.

Impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima imenyekana gute?

Abaganga bashobora kumenya iki kibazo mbere yo kuvuka, nyuma yo kuvuka, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe nyuma yayo niba ibimenyetso bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro. Uburyo bwo kumenya bisanzwe butangira igihe umuntu abonye ibimenyetso biteye impungenge cyangwa mu isuzuma rya buri gihe ryo gutwita.

Mbere yo kuvuka, ultrasound yitwa fetal echocardiogram ishobora kwerekana imiterere y’umutima. Iyi ultrasound idasanzwe itanga amafoto arambuye y’ukuntu amaraso agenda mu mutima w’umwana wawe. Niba byamenyekanye mbere yo kuvuka, abaganga bashobora gutegura ubutabazi bw’ako kanya nyuma yo kuvuka.

Nyuma yo kuvuka, kumenya bisanzwe bitangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’umubiri aho muganga yumva umutima kandi akareba ibara ry’ubururu. Ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byinshi birimo X-ray y’ibituza, electrocardiogram (EKG), na echocardiogram kugira ngo abone imiterere n’imikorere y’umutima.

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakenera ibizamini byongeyeho nk’ubuvuzi bwa cardiac catheterization, aho bashyira umuyoboro muto mu mitsi y’amaraso kugira ngo babone amafoto arambuye. Aya bizamini afasha abaganga gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’umutima w’umwana wawe no gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ni iki kivura impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Ubuvuzi bw’iki kibazo hafi ya buri gihe burimo ubuvuzi bwo guhuza imitsi n’ibyumba bikwiye. Inkuru nziza ni uko uburyo bw’ubuvuzi bwazamutse cyane, kandi abana benshi bakora neza nyuma y’ubuvuzi.

Mu minsi mike ya mbere y’ubuzima, abaganga bashobora gukenera gukora uburyo bwitwa balloon atrial septostomy. Ibi bituma habaho umwanya w’igihe gito hagati y’ibyumba byo hejuru by’umutima, bituma amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni n’amaraso adafite ogisijeni ahagije ahurira neza kugeza igihe ubuvuzi bushobora gukorwa.

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru bw’ubuvuzi bwitwa arterial switch operation. Ababaganga batandukanya imitsi minini kandi bayishyira mu byumba bikwiye. Bahindura kandi imitsi ya coronary, itanga amaraso ku gikombe cy’umutima ubwayo. Ubu buvuzi busanzwe bukorwa mu byumweru bike bya mbere by’ubuzima.

Ku bintu bigoranye, abaganga bashobora kugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwitwa Mustard cyangwa Senning procedure, aho bahindura aho amaraso agenda bakoresheje ibice cyangwa imiterere y’umutima ubwayo. Amahitamo aturuka ku miterere y’umwana wawe n’ibindi bintu.

Nyuma y’ubuvuzi, abana benshi bakenera kwitabwaho buri gihe na cardiologue yita ku bana. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko umutima ukomeza gukora neza uko umwana wawe akura.

Uko watanga ubuvuzi bw’i mu rugo mu gihe cyo gukira

Kwita ku mwana wawe i mu rugo nyuma y’ubuvuzi bw’umutima bisaba kwita ku bice byinshi by’ingenzi. Ikipe yawe y’abaganga izakugira inama zihariye, ariko hano hari amabwiriza rusange afasha mu gukira.

Mbere ya byose, shyira imbaraga mu mirire no kurya. Umwana wawe ashobora kunanirwa vuba mu gihe cyo kurya, bityo umuhe ibiryo bike, byinshi.

Banza kureba ibimenyetso by’indwara hafi y’aho bavugiye, harimo ubuhumyi bwiyongereye, kubyimba, cyangwa gukura. Komeza igikomere cyiza kandi cyumye nk’uko ikipe yawe y’abaganga yabigutegetse. Abana benshi bashobora koga neza igihe muganga yemereye.

Komeza kureba umwana wawe ibimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose biteye impungenge nk’ubururu bwiyongereye, guhumeka nabi, kurya nabi, cyangwa umujinya udakunze kubaho. Kugira urutonde rw’igihe cyo guhamagara muganga bigufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi mu kwita ku mwana wawe.

Uko umwana wawe akura, ashobora gukenera ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byagenewe, ariko abana benshi bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa bisanzwe by’abana. Cardiologue yawe izakuyobora ku byakwiye muri buri cyiciro cyo gukira.

Uko wakwitegura kuza kwa muganga

Kwitunganya kuza kwa muganga hamwe n’ikipe yita ku mutima w’umwana wawe bigufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi bikwemerera kubona ibisubizo ku bibazo byawe by’ingenzi.

Mbere ya buri gihe, andika ibimenyetso byose wabonye, ibibazo ku kwita ku mwana wawe, n’impungenge ku iterambere cyangwa ibikorwa. Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose umwana wawe anywa, harimo n’ingano n’igihe.

Komeza kwandika uko umwana wawe akura, uburyo bwo kurya, n’ibikorwa hagati y’ibyavuye. Aya makuru afasha abaganga gusobanukirwa uko umwana wawe ameze muri rusange. Amafoto cyangwa amashusho y’ibimenyetso biteye impungenge na byo bishobora gufasha.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti wizeye ku byavuye by’ingenzi. Kugira ubufasha bigufasha gutunganya amakuru no kwibuka ibintu by’ingenzi. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba abaganga gusobanura ibintu mu buryo butandukanye niba hari ikintu kitumvikana.

Tegura umwana wawe mukuru ku byavuye mu kumusobanurira ibyo bizaba mu buryo bumwumvikana. Kuzana ibintu bimuhumuriza nk’igikinisho akunda bishobora kugabanya impungenge kuri mwebwe bombi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku mpinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima ari ikibazo gikomeye gisaba ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi ako kanya, ariko kandi kivurwa cyane cyane gifite ibyavuye byiza by’igihe kirekire.

Hamwe n’uburyo bw’ubuvuzi bugezweho, abana benshi babona ubuvuzi bukwiye bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, buzira amakemwa. Bashobora gukina siporo, kujya ku ishuri bisanzwe, no gukurikira inzozi zabo nk’abandi bana.

Ipfundo ry’intsinzi ni ukumenya hakiri kare no kuvura hakiri kare n’abahanga mu mitima y’abana. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe, wizeye impuhwe zawe kandi ushake ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi ako kanya.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine muri uru rugendo. Ikipe yita ku mitima y’abana irimo abaganga, abaforomo, abakozi b’imibereho myiza, n’abandi bahanga basobanukirwa ibintu by’ubuvuzi n’iby’amarangamutima byo kwita ku bana bafite ibibazo by’umutima.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku mpinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima

Q1: Umwana wanjye ashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nyuma y’ubuvuzi bw’impinduka y'imitsi minini y'umutima?

Yego, abana benshi bagize ubuvuzi bwiza bw’impinduka babaho ubuzima busanzwe rwose. Bashobora kujya ku ishuri, gukina siporo, no kwitabira ibikorwa byose bisanzwe by’abana. Bamwe bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa buri gihe na cardiologue, ariko ibi ntibigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byabo bya buri munsi. Abantu bakuru benshi bagize ubu buvuzi bakiri abana bakomeza kugira imiryango yabo bwite no gukurikira umwuga uwo ari wo wose bahitamo.

Q2: Umwana wanjye azakenera ubundi buvuzi uko akura?

Abana benshi bagize arterial switch operation ntibakenera ubundi buvuzi bw’umutima. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora gukenera uburyo buto niba hari ibibazo byavutse mu mitsi ya coronary cyangwa amavavu y’umutima uko biza. Cardiologue yita ku mwana wawe izakurikirana umutima we buri gihe kandi ikumenyeshe niba hari ubundi buvuzi bukenewe. Ibyo gukenera ubuvuzi bwo mu gihe kizaza bihinduka cyane kuva ku mwana ku wundi.

Q3: Nari kuba narababujije iki kibazo mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Oya, nta kintu wakora ukundi kugira ngo wirinde iki kibazo. Impinduka y’imitsi minini y’umutima iba mu gihe cy’iterambere ry’umutima kandi ntigiterwa n’icyo ababyeyi bakora cyangwa batakora. Ndetse n’ababyeyi bakurikiza amabwiriza yose yo gutwita neza bashobora kugira abana bafite iki kibazo. Ni impinduka idasanzwe itera ku bushake ibaho ku bana bagera kuri 1 kuri 4000 bavuka.

Q4: Nyuma y’igihe kihe umwana wanjye akeneye ubuvuzi?

Igihe kigengwa n’imimerere yihariye y’umwana wawe n’ibimenyetso. Bamwe mu bana bakenera ubuvuzi mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike bya mbere by’ubuzima, mu gihe abandi bashobora kuba bafite amahoro yo gutegereza igihe kirekire. Ikipe yawe yita ku mitima y’abana izakurikirana umwana wawe neza kandi iguhe inama y’igihe gikwiye cyo kuvura hashingiwe ku byo akeneye n’ubuzima bwe muri rusange.

Q5: Ni ayahe mahirwe y’uko abana bazakurikiraho bazagira ibibazo by’umutima?

Niba ufite umwana umwe ufite impinduka y’imitsi minini y’umutima, amahirwe yo kugira undi mwana ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umutima ni menshi gato ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe, ariko aracyari make cyane hafi 2-3%. Imiryango myinshi ikomeza kugira abandi bana bafite imitima imeze neza rwose. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’indwara niba ushaka amakuru arambuye ku byago by’inda zizakurikiraho.