Trichinose

Trichinosis (trik-ih-NO-sis), cyane izwi nka trichinellosis (trik-ih-nuh-LOW-sis), ni ubwoko bw'indwara iterwa n'udukoko tw'umunyudu. Iyi myunyudu (trichinella) ikoresha umubiri w'ikinyabuzima nk'aho ari iwabo kugira ngo ibaho kandi ikabyare. Iyi myunyudu itera indwara ku nyamaswa nka: ibyana, ingwe, inkende, impyisi, ingurube z'inkazi n'ingurube zo mu rugo. Ubona iyi ndwara iyo ufashe inyama z'umunyudu utarazinduka (larvae) mu nyama z'imvura cyangwa zitarateka bihagije.

Iyo abantu bafashe inyama z'imvura cyangwa zitarateka bihagije zirimo larvae ya trichinella, iyi larvae ikura ikaba umunyudu mukuru mu ruhago rw'amara mato. Ibi bituma imara ibyumweru bike. Iyi myunyudu ikura ikabyara larvae izagenda mu maraso yerekeza mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Hanyuma izihisha mu mitsi. Trichinosis ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bice by'icyaro ku isi hose.

Trichinosis ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti, nubwo atari ngombwa buri gihe. Kandi biroroshye kuyikumira.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa by'ubwandu bwa trichinosis n'uburemere bw'ubwandu bishobora gutandukana. Ibi biterwa n'umubare w'udusembwa twari mu nyama zanduye.

Niba ufite agakoko ka trichinosis koroheje nta bimenyetso, ushobora kutakeneye ubuvuzi. Niba ufite ibibazo byo mu gifu cyangwa ububabare bw'imikaya no kubyimba nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe umaze kurya inyama z'ingurube cyangwa inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso, vugana n'abaganga bawe.

Abantu barwara trichinosis iyo barya inyama z'umweru cyangwa zitetse nabi zanduye larve y'udukoko tw'umunwa twa trichinella. Ntiwabasha kwanduza undi muntu uwo mukwabu. Inyamaswa zanduye iyo zirya izindi nyamaswa zanduye. Inyama zanduye aho ari ho hose ku isi zishobora kuva ku nyamaswa zo mu gaso nka bere, cougar, umukene, ingurube zo mu gaso, walrus cyangwa inyama. Ingurube n'amafarashi yo mu rugo bishobora kwandura trichinosis iyo birya imyanda irimo ibisigazwa by'inyama zanduye. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ingurube zabaye isoko rito cyane ry'ubwandu kubera kugenzura kurushaho ibiryo by'ingurube n'ibicuruzwa byazo. Inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso ni zo zikunze gutera trichinosis muri Amerika. Ntiwabasha kwandura trichinosis ukomoka ku nyama y'inka, kuko inka ziriya inyama. Ariko hari bimwe mu byabaye bya trichinosis mu bantu byahujwe no kurya inyama y'inka yavangwaga n'inyama y'ingurube zanduye. Kandi ushobora kwandura trichinosis iyo inyama y'inka cyangwa izindi nyama zikubiswe mu gikoresho cyakoreshejwe mbere mu kubika inyama zanduye.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura trichinosis birimo:

• Gutegura nabi ibyokurya. Trichinosis yandura abantu iyo barya inyama zidateguwe neza cyangwa zitetse nabi, zirimo inyama z'ingurube n'inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso. Bishobora kandi kuba harimo izindi nyama zanduye n'imashini zikonjesha cyangwa izindi mashini.
• Uduce tw'icyaro. Trichinosis igaragara cyane mu duce tw'icyaro hirya no hino ku isi. Ubwandu bwinshi bukunze kuboneka mu turere two korora ingurube.
• Kurya inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso cyangwa atari izicuruzwa. Ingamba z'ubuzima rusange zaragabanije cyane umubare w'abandura trichinosis baturuka ku nyama zicuruzwa. Ariko inyamaswa zo mu rugo zitaricuruzwa — cyane cyane izigira aho zibona imirambo y'inyamaswa zo mu gaso — zifite ubwandu bwinshi. Inyamaswa zo mu gaso zigikomeza kuba isoko y'ubwandu busanzwe.

Uretse mu bihe bikomeye, ingaruka ziterwa na trichinosis ni nke. Mu gihe habayeho umubare munini w'udusimba (trichinella) turi mu mubiri, utwo dusimba dushobora kwambuka mu mubiri kugera ku mitsi y'imikaya iri mu nzego ndetse no hafi yazo. Ibi bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye, zishobora no kwica, nko kubabara no kubyimba (kwandura) kwa:

• Urwego rw'imikaya rwo ku rukuta rw'umutima (myocarditis)
• Ubwonko (encephalitis)
• Uruhingano rw'ingofero rukingira ubwonko n'umugongo (meningitis)
• Ibihaha (pneumonitis)

Ukwirinda indwara ya trichinosis ni ugutunganya neza ibyo kurya. Kurikiza ibi bintu kugira ngo wirinda trichinosis:

• Kwirinda inyama z'imbwa cyangwa izihiye nabi. Komeza guteka inyama neza kugeza zibaye umukara. Teka inyama z'ingurube n'inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gasohoka ku bushyuhe bwo hagati bwa 160 F (71 C). Koresha ipimashyuhe ry'inyama kugira ngo wizeye ko inyama zitezwe neza. Ntukate cyangwa nturye inyama mu gihe cy'iminota itatu nyuma yo kuzikura ku muriro.
• Gukonjesha inyama z'ingurube. Gukonjesha inyama z'ingurube zidafite uburebure burenze santimetero 15 kuri dogere 5 F (-15 C) mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu bizica udukoko tw'udusimba. Ariko udukoko tw'udusimba two mu nyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gasohoka ntidupfa no gukonjeshwa, nubwo byaba igihe kirekire.
• Kumenya ko ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya inyama budica udukoko. Ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya cyangwa kubika inyama, nko kuyaka, kuyitunganya no kuyisukura, ntibuca udukoko tw'udusimba mu nyama zanduye. Nanone, guteka mu mikorora ntibyemerwa nk'uburyo bwo kwica udukoko tw'udusimba. Ibi biterwa n'uko gukoresha imikorora bitatuma inyama ziteka kimwe kugira ngo wizeye ko udukoko twose twapfuye.
• Gusukura neza imashini yo kubumba inyama. Niba ubumba inyama zawe, komeza usukure neza imashini nyuma yo kuyikoresha buri gihe.
• Kwoza intoki. Kwoza intoki zawe neza n'amazi n'isabune mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20 nyuma yo gufata inyama z'imbwa. Ibi bishobora gukumira ikwirakwira ry'indwara ku bindi biribwa.

Umuganga wawe ushinzwe kwita ku buzima ashobora kubona icyorezo cya trichinosis akuze ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe akanakora isuzuma ngaruka mubuzima. Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kukubaza niba waraye uriye inyama z'ibinyabuzima bitatezwe cyangwa zitetse nabi.

Kugira ngo amenye ubwandu bwawe, umuganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizamini bikurikira:

Udusembwa twa Trichinella duturuka mu ruhago rw'amara rwo hasi, duca mu maraso, maze tukajya kwihisha mu mitsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cy'amatembabuzi ntibikunze kugaragaza udukoko.

• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Umuganga wawe ashobora gufata igice cy'amaraso akakigerageza kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza trichinosis. Ibi bimenyetso birimo ukwiyongera kw'ubwoko bw'uturemangingabo tw'amaraso yera (eosinophils) cyangwa gukora imiti igwanya udukoko nyuma y'ibyumweru bike.
• Gusuzumwa kw'imitsi. Ibisubizo by'amaraso bikunze guhagije kugira ngo hafatwe umwanzuro. Ariko umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kugutegurira gusuzumwa imitsi. Igice gito cy'imitsi gikurwaho maze kigasuzumwa hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi kugira ngo harebwe udukoko tw'umunyu (trichinella).