Trichinosis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Trichinosis ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko tw'umubiri tuboneka mu nyama zitetse nabi cyangwa zidakozwe. Udukoko duto cyane twitwa Trichinella, tuba mu mitsi y'inyama kandi bishobora kukurwara cyane iyo byinjira mu mubiri wawe.

Nubwo ibi bishobora kuba bigutera ubwoba, trichinosis ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu bihugu biteye imbere kubera amategeko agenga ubuziranenge bw'ibiribwa. Akenshi, iyi ndwara ibaho iyo abantu barize inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso nka bere, walrus, cyangwa ibinyamanswa byo mu rugo bitatetse neza. Inkuru nziza ni uko iyi ndwara irashobora kwirindwa kandi ikavurwa hakiri kare.

Ibimenyetso bya trichinosis ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya trichinosis bigaragara mu byiciro, bikunze gutangira n'ibibazo by'igogorwa mu minsi mike nyuma yo kurya inyama zanduye. Ushobora kutamenya ikintu na kimwe, ariko ibimenyetso bigaragara uko udukoko dutembera mu mubiri wawe.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunze kumera nk'indwara y'igifu cyangwa uburwayi bw'ibiryo. Dore ibyo ushobora guhura na byo mu cyumweru cya mbere:

• Kugira isereri n'kuruka
• Impiswi cyangwa guhitwa
• Kubabara mu nda n'ububabare bw'inda
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Umunaniro n'kumva utameze neza

Uko indwara ikomeza mu cyumweru cya kabiri, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ibi bibaho iyo udukoko dutangiye kujya mu mitsi yawe:

• Ububabare bw'imitsi n'ububabare, cyane cyane mu maso, mu maboko, no mu maguru
• Umuriro mwinshi ushobora kugera kuri 40°C
• Kubyimbagira mu maso no mu maso
• Umutwe ushobora kuba ukomeye
• Uruhu rw'uruhu cyangwa gukorora
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuruma cyangwa kwishima
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kugerageza amaso cyangwa kubona neza

Mu bihe bitoroshye, indwara ikomeye ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima, mu mpyiko, cyangwa ubwonko. Ibi bibazo bikomeye bibaho cyane iyo warize inyama zanduye cyane cyangwa ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke.

Ni iki giterwa na trichinosis?

Trichinosis iterwa no kurya inyama zanduye n'udukoko twa Trichinella, ari two dukoko duto cyane ku buryo utabona. Inkomoko isanzwe ni inyama z'ingurube zitetse nabi, ariko inyamaswa zo mu gaso zikunze gutwara utwo dukoko muri iki gihe.

Dore uko ushobora kwandura:

• Kurya inyama z'ingurube zitetse nabi, cyane cyane izikomoka mu mirima mito cyangwa ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu rugo
• Kurya inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso zidakozwe neza nka bere, walrus, ingurube zo mu gaso, cyangwa cougar
• Kurya ibiryo gakondo nka sosise zidakozwe neza
• Kurya inyama z'inyamaswa zariye imyanda yanduye cyangwa izindi nyamaswa

Inama z'ingurube mu bihugu biteye imbere zirakomeye ubu kubera amategeko akomeye agenga ibiryo. Ingurube ntizishobora kongera kugaburirwa imyanda y'inyama, ibyo bikaba byaragabanije cyane ubwandu. Ariko, inyamaswa zo mu gaso n'ingurube zirerwa mu mirima mito zishobora kuba zigitwara utwo dukoko.

Ntushobora kwandura trichinosis ukomoka ku wundi muntu. Indwara ikwirakwira gusa binyuze mu kurya inyama zanduye.

Ugomba kubona muganga wa trichinosis ryari?

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ugize ibimenyetso mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kurya inyama zitetse nabi, cyane cyane iz'inyamaswa zo mu gaso cyangwa iz'ingurube zituruka ahantu hatamenyekanye. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare bukora neza kuruta gutegereza.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba niba ugize ibimenyetso bikomeye nka muriro mwinshi, ububabare bukomeye bw'imitsi, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza indwara ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ntugategeze niba ufite kubyimbagira mu maso, umutwe ukomeye, cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Nubwo ari bito, ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya trichinosis?

Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe n'imimerere ishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura trichinosis. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha kuba mu mutekano iyo utegura kandi urya inyama.

Ibyago byawe biri hejuru niba:

• Uhiga inyamaswa zo mu gaso cyangwa urya inyama zikomoka ku bahigi
• Ugendera mu turere trichinosis ikunze kugaragara
• Urya mu maresitora cyangwa mu ngo aho ubuziranenge bw'ibiribwa buke
• Urya ibicuruzwa by'inyama byakozwe mu rugo cyangwa ibiryo gakondo
• Ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke buturuka ku ndwara cyangwa imiti
• Utuye mu bice by'icyaro aho korora ingurube mu rugo ari bwinshi

Uduce tumwe na tumwe dufite ubwandu bwinshi, cyane cyane ibice byo mu burasirazuba bw'Uburayi, Aziya, n'uturere aho kurya inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso ari bwinshi. Niba urimo kugenda cyangwa utuye muri utwo turere, kwitondera cyane gutegura inyama ni ingenzi.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya trichinosis?

Abantu benshi barakira trichinosis nta kibazo gihoraho, cyane cyane bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ariko, indwara ikomeye ishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe.

Dore ibibazo bishoboka ugomba kumenya:

• Ibibazo by'umutima, harimo kubyimbagira kw'imitsi y'umutima
• Gukomera guhumeka niba udukoko bugira ingaruka kuri diafragme
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko n'imitsi, nubwo ari bito cyane
• Ubusembwa bukomeye bw'imitsi buhoraho igihe kirekire
• Ibisigo by'amaraso mu mitsi mito
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri

Ibyo bibazo bikomeye ntibibaho cyane kandi bibaho cyane mu bantu bafite indwara ikomeye cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke. Abantu bakuze bakomeye bagira ububabare bw'imitsi n'umunaniro buhita bugenda mu byumweru bike cyangwa amezi.

Trichinosis irashobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwiringira trichinosis biroroshye kandi biri mu maboko yawe. Icy'ingenzi ni guteka neza no gufata neza inyama, cyane cyane iz'ingurube n'iz'inyamaswa zo mu gaso.

Dore uko wirindira wowe n'umuryango wawe:

• Teka inyama z'ingurube n'iz'inyamaswa zo mu gaso ku bushyuhe bwa 71°C
• Koresha thermometer yo mu nyama kugira ngo ugenzure ubushyuhe mu gice gikomeye
• Kanda inyama z'ingurube ku bushyuhe bwa -15°C mu byumweru bitatu kugira ngo ubuze udukoko
• Irinde kurya inyama zidakozwe neza
• Kwitondera cyane sosise zikorerwa mu rugo n'ibiryo gakondo
• Komesha ibintu byose n'ibikoresho byakozweho inyama zidakozwe

Gukanda ntibikora kuri Trichinella zose, cyane cyane iziboneka mu nyamaswa zo mu gaso zo mu karere ka Arctique. Guteka biguma ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda. Niba uhangayitse, teka inyama neza kugeza igihe itakiri umutuku imbere.

Trichinosis ipima ite?

Kumenya trichinosis bishobora kuba bigoye kuko ibimenyetso bya mbere bisa n'izindi ndwara nyinshi. Muganga wawe azatangira akubaza ibyo warize vuba aha n'ibimenyetso wahuye na byo.

Ibizamini by'amaraso ni bwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kwemeza trichinosis. Muganga wawe azashakisha antikorps (antibody) ubudahangarwa bwawe bukora kugira ngo burwanye udukoko. Ariko, ibyo bikorwa by'ubudahangarwa bifata igihe kugira ngo bikure, bityo ibizamini bya hakiri kare bishobora kutagaragaza indwara.

Ibizamini by'inyongera muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka birimo:

• Igipimo cyuzuye cy'amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibisigo by'amaraso byiyongereye
• Ibizamini by'imitsi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwangirike bw'imitsi
• Gucukura imitsi mu bihe bitoroshye aho kumenya indwara bitagira umusaruro
• Ibizamini by'imyanda, nubwo bitakunze gufasha muri trichinosis

Igihe cyo gupima ni ingenzi. Ibizamini by'amaraso birakwiye mu byumweru 3-4 nyuma y'ubwandu iyo urwego rw'antikorps ruri hejuru. Muganga wawe ashobora gukenera gusubiramo ibizamini niba ibisubizo bya mbere bitari byiza ariko ibimenyetso bikomeza.

Ubuvuzi bwa trichinosis ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa trichinosis biterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara yawe n'igihe umaze ufite ibimenyetso. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare bukora neza, ariko ubuvuzi bwakozwe nyuma burashobora kugabanya ibibazo.

Muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti yo kurwanya udukoko kugira ngo yice utwo dukoko. Imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa ni albendazole cyangwa mebendazole, uzayifata mu minsi cyangwa ibyumweru bike. Iyo miti ikora neza iyo itangiye hakiri kare mu ndwara.

Kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigabanuke, muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugutegeka:

• Imiti igabanya ububabare kububabare bw'imitsi n'umutwe
• Imiti igabanya kubyimbagira kugabanya kubyimbagira
• Corticosteroids kubyimbagira bikomeye bw'imitsi
• Imiti igabanya umuriro kugira ngo igenzure ubushyuhe bwinshi

Niba ufite ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku mutima wawe cyangwa guhumeka, ushobora kuba ukeneye kwitabwaho mu bitaro. Abantu benshi barakira mu rugo bafite imiti ikwiye n'ikiruhuko.

Uko witwara mu rugo mu gihe ufite trichinosis

Nubwo ubuvuzi bw'abaganga ari ingenzi, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ufashe umubiri wawe gukira no guhangana n'ibimenyetso neza.

Ikiruhuko ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukira. Umubiri wawe urimo gukora cyane kugira ngo urwanye indwara, ntukigere wihatira gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe. Fata ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri niba ari ngombwa, kandi utega amatwi ibyo umubiri wawe ukubwira.

Komeza wishire amazi menshi, cyane cyane niba ufite umuriro cyangwa impiswi. Ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye kugogora bishobora kugufasha niba ufite isereri cyangwa ibibazo by'igifu.

Kububabare bw'imitsi n'ubukakaye, gerageza:

• Amazi ashyushye cyangwa ibikoresho bishyushye ku mitsi irwaye
• Gukora imyitozo myoroheje iyo wumva ubishoboye
• Imiti igabanya ububabare ugura mu maduka nkuko muganga wawe yabitegetse
• Ubuvuzi buke kugira ngo wongere imitsi

Genzura ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba byakomeje cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bigaragara. Gukira bishobora gufata ibyumweru bike, rero ube umuntu ufite ishyaka muri uwo mujyo.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitunganya kugira ngo ujye kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bwiza kandi ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye. Tekereza ku bimenyetso byawe n'ibikorwa byawe bya vuba mbere yo kujya kwa muganga.

Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse. Ba umuntu uhamya igihe n'uburemere bw'ikimenyetso cya buri kimwe. Ibyo bimenyetso bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko indwara yawe ikomeza.

Tegura kuvugana n'ibyo warize vuba aha, cyane cyane inyama warize mu kwezi gishize. Harimo amakuru yerekeye:

• Ubwoko bw'inyama warize (ingurube, inyamaswa zo mu gaso, nibindi)
• Uko inyama zateguwe kandi zatezwe
• Aho inyama zikomoka (resitora, ubuhigi, nibindi)
• Abandi bantu barize inyama zimwe na ibimenyetso byabo

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose ufashe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima. Ntucikwe no kuvuga ingendo za vuba aha cyangwa ibikorwa byo hanze bishobora kuba bifite aho bihuriye.

Icy'ingenzi kuri trichinosis

Trichinosis ni indwara ishobora kwirindwa kandi ushobora kuyirinda guteka inyama neza, cyane cyane iz'ingurube n'iz'inyamaswa zo mu gaso. Nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bibi kandi rimwe na rimwe bikomeye, abantu benshi barakira neza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwirinda biri mu maboko yawe. Teka inyama ku bushyuhe bukwiye, koresha thermometer yo mu nyama, kandi witondere cyane inyama z'inyamaswa zo mu gaso n'inyama zikorerwa mu rugo.

Niba ugize ibimenyetso nyuma yo kurya inyama zishobora kuba zanduye, ntutinye kubona muganga. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare butera ibyiza byinshi kandi bishobora kwirinda ibibazo. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye no kwirinda, trichinosis ntigomba kuba ikibazo mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri trichinosis

Wabona trichinosis mu nyama zitetse neza?

Oya, ntushobora kubona trichinosis mu nyama zitetse neza. Guteka inyama ku bushyuhe bwa 71°C bica udukoko twa Trichinella twose. Indwara ibaho gusa iyo urya inyama zidakozwe neza zirimo udukoko dutera indwara.

Birafata igihe kingana iki gukira trichinosis?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara yawe. Indwara nto zishobora gukira mu byumweru bike, mu gihe indwara ikomeye ishobora gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo ikire burundu. Ububabare bw'imitsi n'umunaniro ni bwo bimenyetso binyuma bigenda, rimwe na rimwe bikagumaho amezi 2-6.

Trichinosis yandura hagati y'abantu?

Oya, trichinosis ntiyandura hagati y'abantu. Ushobora kwandura gusa urya inyama zanduye. Udukoko dukeneye kurangiza imikorere yabyo mu mitsi, bityo ntibishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhura, inkorora, cyangwa ibindi bintu byo kwandura hagati y'abantu.

Gukanda inyama bishobora kwica udukoko twa trichinella?

Gukanda bishobora kwica utwo dukoko twa Trichinella tumwe, ariko si twose. Gukanda mu rugo ku bushyuhe bwa -15°C mu byumweru bitatu bishobora kwica udukoko dusanzwe tuboneka mu ngurube. Ariko, utwo dukoko tumwe two mu karere ka Arctique tuboneka mu nyamaswa zo mu gaso turwanya gukanda, bityo guteka biguma ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda.

Ni uwuhe ubwumvikane hagati ya trichinosis n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ibiryo?

Trichinosis itera ibimenyetso mu byiciro kandi itera ububabare bw'imitsi n'ubyimbagira mu maso ibindi biryo bitera indwara bitakora. Nubwo ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kumera nk'uburwayi bw'ibiryo, uko ibimenyetso bikomeza n'igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara bifasha gutandukanya trichinosis n'indwara ziterwa na bagiteri nka salmonella cyangwa E. coli.