Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ibaho iyo umubiri wawe udashobora gukoresha insuline neza cyangwa ukayikora uko bikwiye. Ibi bituma isukari yiyongera mu maraso yawe aho gukoreshwa nk’ingufu.

Tekereza kuri insuline nk’urufunguzo rufungura uturemangingo twawe kugira ngo isukari yinjiyemo ibone ingufu umubiri wawe. Muri diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, urufunguzo ntirwakora neza cyangwa nturufite rwinshi. Ibi bigira ingaruka kuri miliyoni z’abantu ku isi, ariko inkuru nziza ni uko ishobora kuvurwa neza ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye.

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni iki?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni indwara y’igihe kirekire aho urwego rw’isukari mu maraso yawe ruguma rurenga urugero rusanzwe. Umuhogo wawe ukora insuline, ariko uturemangingo tw’umubiri wawe tubihorera cyangwa umuhogo wawe ntukore ihagije.

Bitandukanye na diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, itangira cyane cyane mu bwana, diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 isanzwe itangira mu bantu bakuru. Ariko, iriyongera mu rubyiruko. Indwara itera buhoro buhoro, akenshi imara imyaka, bivuze ko abantu benshi batayizi mu ntangiriro.

Umubiri wawe ukeneye glucose kugira ngo ugire imbaraga, kandi insuline ifasha kwimura iyo glucose kuva mu maraso yawe mu uturemangingo twawe. Iyo iyi gahunda idakora neza, glucose itera mu maraso yawe, bigatuma habaho ingaruka zitandukanye ku buzima niba idakurikiranwe.

Ibimenyetso bya Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bikunda kugaragara buhoro buhoro, kandi ushobora kutamenya ko ubaye ufite iyo ndwara. Abantu benshi babana nayo amezi cyangwa imyaka mbere yo kuvurwa.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Umukama mwinshi no kwinjira kenshi mu bwiherero, cyane cyane nijoro
• Gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe nubwo urya nk’uko bisanzwe
• Uburwayi buhoraho no kumva unaniwe umunsi wose
• Kubura ubwenge buhoraho
• Ibyago bikira buhoro, ibikomere, cyangwa indwara
• Kugira uburibwe cyangwa kubabara mu ntoki cyangwa mu birenge
• Indwara z’uruhu, izinga, cyangwa iz’umwijima zihoraho
• Inzara nyinshi, na nyuma yo kurya

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro nk’ibice by’umukara by’uruhu ku ijosi cyangwa mu maboko, bizwi nka acanthosis nigricans. Abandi bashobora kubona ko ubwenge bwabo buhinduka cyangwa bakumva barakaye cyane.

Wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso ntibisobanura ko ufite diabete. Ariko, niba ufite ibimenyetso byinshi muri ibi, birakwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akore isuzuma rikwiye.

Intandaro ya Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni iyihe?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 itera iyo umubiri wawe uhorera kuri insuline cyangwa umuhogo wawe udashobora gukora insuline ihagije kugira ngo ugume ufite urwego rusanzwe rw’isukari mu maraso. Ibi biterwa n’imiterere myinshi ikorera hamwe igihe kirekire.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2:

• Uburwayi bwa gene na histori y’umuryango wa diabete
• Kuba uremererwa cyangwa ufite umubyibuho ukabije, cyane cyane mu gice cy’inda
• Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kubaho utabyitaho
• Imyaka, cyane cyane kuba ufite imyaka irenga 45
• Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso cyangwa urwego rudakwiye rwa cholesterol
• Histori ya diabete y’igihe gito mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mu bagore
• Amwe mu moko, harimo Abanyamerika b’Abirabura, Abahispanike, Abanyamerika bakomoka mu bwoko bw’abenegihugu, cyangwa Abanyamerika b’Abayasiya

Intandaro zidafite akamaro cyane cyane harimo imiti imwe nka steroides cyangwa imiti imwe yo mu mutwe, ibibazo byo gusinzira nka sleep apnea, no guhangayika bikabije bigira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe. Bamwe mu bantu barwara diabete nyuma y’indwara z’umuhogo cyangwa kubagwa.

Birakomeye kumva ko diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 idaterwa no kurya isukari nyinshi gusa. Nubwo indyo ifite uruhare, akenshi biba ari uruvange rw’ibintu by’umuryango n’imibereho ituma iyo ndwara ibaho.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bya diabete, cyane cyane niba bikomeje ibyumweru birenga bike. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Tegura gahunda yawe vuba niba ubona kwinjira kenshi mu bwiherero, inyota nyinshi, gutakaza ibiro bitasobanuwe, cyangwa umunaniro uhoraho. Ibi akenshi ni ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ikibazo.

Ugomba kandi gupimwa niba ufite ibyago nk’amateka y’umuryango wa diabete, kuba uremererwa, cyangwa kuba ufite imyaka irenga 45. Abaganga benshi bagira inama yo gupima buri gihe nubwo udafite ibimenyetso niba uri mu kaga gakomeye.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gucika intekerezo, kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kuruka buhoraho, cyangwa urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rurenga 400 mg/dL niba ufite igikoresho cyo gupima glucose. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cyitwa diabetic ketoacidosis.

Ibyago byo kurwara Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Amwe ushobora kuyagenzura uhindura imibereho, andi, nka gene zawe, ntushobora kuyahindura.

Ibyago ushobora kugira uruhare mu guhindura:

• Urugero rw’uburemere, cyane cyane ibinure byinshi mu nda
• Urugereko rw’imyitozo ngororamubiri n’imikorere
• Ibyo kurya, cyane cyane ibiryo bitetse n’ibinyobwa birimo isukari
• Kunywa itabi no gukoresha itabi
• Imyitozo yo gusinzira n’igihe
• Uburyo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe

Ibyago udashobora guhindura:

• Imyaka, ibyago byiyongera nyuma y’imyaka 45
• Amateka y’umuryango n’ibintu by’umuryango
• Uko ukomoka n’ubwoko
• Amateka ya diabete y’igihe gito mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kuba warabyaye umwana urenga ibiro 9

Kumenya ibyago byawe bigufasha wowe na muganga wawe gutegura gahunda yo kwirinda. Nubwo ufite ibyago byinshi, guhindura imibereho myiza bishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kurwara diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni izihe?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima niba urwego rw’isukari mu maraso ruguma rurenga igihe kirekire. Ariko, kuvura diabete neza birashobora gukumira cyangwa gutinda ingaruka nyinshi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho:

• Indwara z’umutima n’umwijima kubera imiyoboro y’amaraso yangiritse
• Indwara z’impyiko zishobora gutera gucika intekerezo
• Ibibazo by’amaso, harimo diabetic retinopathy no kubura ubwenge
• Ibibazo by’imitsi, cyane cyane mu birenge no mu ntoki
• Imikorere mibi y’amaraso itera ibikomere bikira buhoro
• Ibibazo by’ibirenge, harimo indwara no gutakaza ibirenge
• Ibibazo by’uruhu n’indwara zihoraho
• Ibibazo by’amatwi n’amenyo

Ingaruka zidafite akamaro ariko zikomeye harimo koma ya diabete iterwa n’isukari nyinshi mu maraso, kwiheba bikabije, no kongera ibyago by’indwara ya Alzheimer. Bamwe mu bantu barwara gastroparesis, aho umwijima usohora buhoro.

Inkuru nziza ni uko kugumana urwego rwiza rw’isukari mu maraso bigabanya cyane ibyago by’izi ngaruka. Abantu benshi barwaye diabete babana n’ubuzima buzira umuze, bakagira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu gucunga neza iyo ndwara.

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 irashobora kwirindwa cyane binyuze mu guhitamo imibereho myiza. Nubwo ufite ibyago nk’amateka y’umuryango, ushobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kurwara iyo ndwara.

Dore uburyo bwemewe bwo kwirinda diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2:

• Kugumana ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu kurya neza no kugenzura ibyo kurya
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe, ugamije byibuze iminota 150 y’imyitozo ngororamubiri yo hagati mu cyumweru
• Guhitamo ibinyamisogwe byuzuye, imbuto, imboga, na poroteyine zidafite ibinure
• Kugabanya ibiryo bitetse, ibinyobwa birimo isukari, na karubone zitunganyirijwe
• Kudanywa itabi, no kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Gusinzira bihagije, akenshi amasaha 7-9 buri joro
• Guhangana n’umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka cyangwa inama
• Gupimwa buri gihe no gukorerwa isuzuma

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gutakaza 5-10% by’uburemere bwawe bishobora kugabanya ibyago bya diabete mu gice kimwe. Ntukeneye guhindura ibintu byose icyarimwe. Impinduka ntoya, zihoraho mu myitwarire yawe ya buri munsi zishobora gutanga impinduka nini igihe kirekire.

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 imenyekanwa gute?

Abaganga bakoresha ibizamini by’amaraso byinshi kugira ngo bamenye diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Ibi bizamini bipima ubwinshi bw’isukari mu maraso yawe n’uburyo umubiri wawe utunganya glucose.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo gupima harimo:

• Isuzuma ry’isukari mu maraso nyuma yo kudarya amasaha 8-12
• Isuzuma ry’isukari mu maraso ryakorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umunsi
• Isuzuma ry’uburyo umubiri utunganya glucose nyuma yo kunywa igisubizo cya glucose
• Isuzuma rya Hemoglobin A1C rigaragaza urwego rw’isukari mu maraso mu mezi 2-3

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gusuzuma ketones mu mpisho yawe no gukora ibizamini byongeyeho kugira ngo akureho diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 cyangwa izindi ndwara. Azongera gukora ibizamini bidasanzwe ku munsi utandukanye kugira ngo yemeze icyemezo.

Isuzuma rya A1C rifite akamaro cyane kuko ntirisaba gusiba kurya kandi ritanga ishusho nini yo kugenzura isukari mu maraso yawe. A1C ya 6.5% cyangwa hejuru isobanura diabete, naho 5.7-6.4% igaragaza prediabetes.

Ubuvuzi bwa Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bugamije kugumana urwego rw’isukari mu maraso hafi y’ubusanzwe. Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa izahinduka bitewe n’ibyo ukeneye, ubuzima bwawe, n’imibereho yawe.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Guhindura imibereho harimo guhindura indyo no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe
• Kugenzura isukari mu maraso hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gupima glucose
• Imiti nka metformin ifasha kugenzura isukari mu maraso
• Gupimwa buri gihe n’ibizamini by’amaraso
• Kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso na cholesterol
• Amahirwe yo kwiga no gufashwa muri diabete

Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kuba bakeneye inshinge za insuline niba indi miti idahagije kugenzura isukari mu maraso yabo. Imiti mishya nka GLP-1 agonists ishobora gufasha kugenzura isukari mu maraso no kugabanya ibiro.

Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo ashyireho urwego rw’isukari mu maraso kandi ahindura ubuvuzi uko bikenewe. Intego ni ukwirinda ingaruka mbi mugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe ufite Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Kwita kuri diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 mu rugo bikubiyemo imyitozo ya buri munsi ifasha kugumana isukari mu maraso mu rugero rusanzwe. Kugira imyitozo ihoraho bigira ingaruka ku kuntu wumva n’ubuzima bwawe bw’igihe kirekire.

Kwita kuri wowe ubwawe buri munsi bikubiyemo:

• Kugenzura isukari yawe mu maraso nk’uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse
• Kunywa imiti igihe kimwe buri munsi
• Kurya ibiryo bisanzwe bifite urugero rw’isukari
• Kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nko kugenda, koga, cyangwa indi myitozo ukunda
• Kureba ibirenge byawe buri munsi kugira ngo urebe ko nta bikomere, ibikomere, cyangwa impinduka
• Kwandika urwego rw’isukari yawe mu maraso, imiti, n’uko wumva
• Kunywa amazi ahagije no gusinzira bihagije
• Kugira gahunda yo ku minsi urwaye aho isukari mu maraso ishobora kuba igorana kuyigenzura

Menya ibimenyetso by’isukari nyinshi mu maraso n’isukari nke kugira ngo ubashe gufata ingamba vuba. Gabanya glucose cyangwa ibiryo byihuse bya karubone niba isukari yawe mu maraso igabanutse cyane.

Kubaka umuryango w’abantu bo mu muryango, inshuti, n’abaganga bagufasha kuguma ufite imbaraga no kuba umuntu ushinzwe. Tekereza kujya mu itsinda ry’abantu barwaye diabete cyangwa muri interineti kugira ngo ubone inkunga yongeyeho.

Uko wakitegura gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga?

Kwita ku gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga bifasha kubona ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe hamwe n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi. Gutegura neza bigatuma uhabwa ubuvuzi bwiza kandi bigufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyo gucunga iyo ndwara.

Mbere y’igahunda yawe:

• Zana ibitabo byawe by’isukari mu maraso n’igikoresho cyo gupima glucose
• Andika imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine unywa
• Andika ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ushaka kuganiraho
• Andika ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka wabonye
• Zana urutonde rw’abandi baganga ubona
• Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga

Tekereza ku ntego zawe n’icyo ushaka kugeraho mu gucunga diabete. Ba ukuri ku bibazo uhura na byo mu kurya, imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa kunywa imiti.

Ntugatinye kubabaza ibibazo ku kintu udasobanukiwe. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi ririho kugira ngo rigufashe kugira icyo ugeraho, kandi nta kibazo gito cyangwa gisetsa.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana kuri Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni iki?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa kandi abantu benshi babana nayo neza. Nubwo isaba kwitabwaho buri gihe no guhindura imibereho, ushobora kugira ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda ingaruka mbi ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko ufite ububasha bwo kugenzura ibyavuye muri diabete. Imikorere ya buri munsi nko kurya neza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa imiti nk’uko yagutegetswe, no kugenzura isukari yawe mu maraso bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Korana n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo utegure gahunda yo gucunga ikuhuye n’ubuzima bwawe n’intego zawe. Ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye, ushobora gukomeza gukora ibyo ukunda mugihe ugumana diabete yawe igenzurwa neza.

Wibuke ko gucunga diabete ari marato, atari umukino w’amaguru. Gira umwanya uhagije mugihe wiga no guhindura imyitozo mishya. Intambwe ntoya, zihoraho zizagera ku buzima bwiza n’amahoro yo mu mutima igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa kuri Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ishobora gukira cyangwa kuvurwa?

Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ntishobora gukira, ariko ishobora kugaruka mu rugero rusanzwe aho urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rugaruka mu rugero rusanzwe nta miti. Ibi bikunda kubaho binyuze mu kugabanya ibiro, guhindura indyo, no kongera imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ariko, ubushobozi bwo kurwara diabete bugumaho, bityo kugumana ibyo guhindura imibereho ni ingenzi kugira ngo uyirinde kugaruka.

Ni ibihe biribwa nakwirinda mfite diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Ntukeneye kwirinda ibiryo byose, ariko gabanya isukari yatunganyirijwe, ibiryo bitetse, umugati w’umweru, ibinyobwa birimo isukari, n’ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi. Shyira imbaraga mu kugenzura ibyo kurya no kubirya igihe aho gusiba burundu. Korana n’umuhanga mu by’imirire kugira ngo utegure gahunda yo kurya irimo ibiryo ukunda mugihe ugenzura isukari yawe mu maraso neza.

Ngahe nakwiye kugenzura isukari yanjye mu maraso?

Ubwinshi bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso biterwa na gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa n’uburyo diabete yawe igenzurwa neza. Bamwe mu bantu bayipima rimwe ku munsi, abandi mbere y’ibiribwa byose no nimugoroba. Muganga wawe azagutegeka gahunda bitewe n’imiti, urwego rwa A1C, n’ibyo ukeneye. Kugenzura kenshi bishobora kuba bikenewe mugihe utangiye imiti mishya cyangwa mu gihe urwaye.

Ni byiza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ufite diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2?

Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri si byiza gusa ahubwo birakenewe cyane ku bantu barwaye diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha kugabanya isukari mu maraso, inonosora uburyo umubiri ukora insuline, kandi itanga ibindi byiza byinshi ku buzima. Tangira buhoro buhoro niba utaramenyereye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi ubaze muganga wawe ku ngamba zo kwirinda. Genzura isukari yawe mu maraso mbere na nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugeza igihe uzi uko imyitozo itandukanye ikugiraho ingaruka.

Umunaniro ushobora kugira ingaruka ku maraso yanjye?

Yego, umunaniro ushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku maraso binyuze mu gutera hormone nka cortisol na adrenaline. Umunaniro uhoraho ushobora gutuma diabete igorana kuyigenzura kandi ishobora gutera uburwayi bwa insuline. Guhangana n’umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka, imyitozo ngororamubiri, gusinzira bihagije, no gushaka ubufasha igihe bikenewe ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo kuvura diabete.