Eseye ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Eseye ni ubwandu bw’ibihaha buterwa no guhumeka utubuto duto twa fungi tuba mu butaka bw’ubutaka bwo mu butayu. Abantu benshi bafite eseye bagira ibimenyetso bike bisa n’iby’igicurane bikira ukwabyo mu byumweru cyangwa amezi make. Nubwo byumvikana bibi, iyi ndwara ivurwa cyane, kandi abantu benshi barakira batakenera imiti na gato.

Eseye ni iki?

Eseye ni ubwandu buterwa na fungi yitwa Coccidioides ikura mu butaka bw’ubutaka bwo mu butayu. Iyo ubutaka buhindutse kubera umuyaga, imirimo y’ubwubatsi, cyangwa ubuhinzi, fungi ireka utubuto duto mu kirere ushobora guhumeka utarabyiteguye.

Ubwandu bugira ingaruka ahanini ku bihaha byawe, kimwe na pneumonia. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe busanzwe burwanya ubwandu ukwabyo, ariyo mpamvu imyinshi y’ibibazo ari bike. Izina “eseye” rikomoka muri San Joaquin Valley muri California, aho abaganga bamenye iyi ndwara bwa mbere mu myaka ya 1930.

Ubu bwandu bwa fungi buzwi kandi nka coccidioidomycosis cyangwa “cocci” mu magambo make. Bitandukanye n’izindi ndwara, ntushobora kwandura eseye ukomoka ku wundi muntu cyangwa inyamaswa. Ushobora kuyibona gusa uhuhumeka utubuto twa fungi ukomoye mu butaka bwanduye.

Ibimenyetso bya Eseye ni ibihe?

Abantu bagera kuri 60% banduye eseye nta bimenyetso na bimwe bagira. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bisanzwe bitangira nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bitatu nyuma yo kwandura, kandi bikaba bisa cyane n’igicurane gikomeye cyangwa grippe.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Inkorora idashira ishobora kuzana umusemburo ukomeye, w’umuhondo cyangwa ufite amaraso
• Umuriro n’ubukonje biza bigenda
• Umunaniro ukomeye kurusha ubusanzwe
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imikino
• Kubabara mu kifuba bikomeza iyo unkorora cyangwa ufashe amashyira yo mu bihaha
• Kubabara umutwe bitandukanye n’ububabare usanzwe ufite
• Kubabara imikaya n’amagufa mu mubiri wawe wose
• Imyeyo yo mu ijoro ishyira imyenda yawe cyangwa ibitanda

Bamwe mu bantu bagira n’ubundi burwayi bufite ibice bitukura, bibabaza ku maguru cyangwa ubwo burwayi butukura, bumeze nk’umuyonga ku kifuba no ku mugongo. Ubu burwayi, rimwe na rimwe bwitwa “uburwayi bw’ubutayu,” mu by’ukuri ni ikimenyetso cy’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe busubiza neza ubwandu.

Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushijeho kumererwa neza mu byumweru bike, nubwo umunaniro n’inkorora bishobora gukomeza amezi menshi. Inkuru nziza ni uko kugira ibi bimenyetso bisobanura ko umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu neza.

Eseye iterwa n’iki?

Eseye iterwa na fungi ya Coccidioides, ikunda gukura mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, byumye by’ubutaka bwo mu butayu. Iyi fungi iba mu butaka mu gihe kinini cy’umwaka, ariko iyo ibintu byagenze neza, ireka utubuto tuba mu kirere kandi bishobora guhumekwa.

Urashobora kwandura utubuto muri ibi bikorwa cyangwa ibihe:

• Imyuzure y’umukungugu cyangwa imiyaga ikomeye ikurura umukungugu mwinshi
• Imirimo y’ubwubatsi, gucukura, cyangwa imirimo y’ubucukuzi mu bice by’ubutayu
• Ubuhinzi, ubutabire, cyangwa gukora imirimo yo gutunganya ubutaka mu turere twanduye
• Imikino ya gisirikare mu bice by’ubutayu bufite umukungugu
• Imicyinyiro yo hanze nko kujya mu birunga, gukambika, cyangwa gutwara imodoka mu bice by’ubutayu
• Kuba hafi y’ahantu hakora imirimo y’ubwubatsi cyangwa ahantu hakunze kuba imyuzure y’umukungugu

Fungi ikora cyane mu bihe byumye bikurikirwa n’imvura, ibifasha gukura hanyuma ikareka utubuto iyo ubutaka bwuma. Ndetse ikintu cyoroshye nko gutwara imodoka ufite amadirishya afunguye mu bice byuzuye umukungugu bishobora kukwerekana utubuto.

Eseye iboneka cyane mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’Amerika, cyane cyane Arizona na Central Valley muri California. Iboneka kandi mu bice bya Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Texas, na bimwe mu bice bya Mexique na Amerika yo hagati.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Eseye?

Wagomba kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’igicurane bikomeza iminsi irenga icyumweru kimwe, cyane cyane niba utuye cyangwa uherutse kujya mu bice eseye iboneka cyane. Kumenya hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi kandi bikabuha ubufasha bukwiye.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ufite:

• Guhumeka nabi cyane cyangwa kugorana guhumeka
• Kubabara mu kifuba bikomeza aho kugabanuka
• Umuriro mwinshi (urenze 101°F) udasubizwa n’imiti yo mu iduka
• Inkorora ikurura amaraso cyangwa umusemburo ukomeye, udashyitse
• Kubabara umutwe cyane cyangwa guhindagura umutwe
• Gucika intekerezo cyangwa guhinduka mu bwenge
• Ibimenyetso bikomeza nyuma yo kugabanuka

Niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke kubera imiti, indwara, cyangwa gutwite, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga hakiri kare. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye za eseye.

Ibyago bya Eseye ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ashobora kwandura eseye niba ahura n’utubuto twa fungi, ariko ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibi byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibyago by’ubutaka n’ibidukikije birimo:

• Kuba utuye cyangwa usura uburengerazuba bw’Amerika, cyane cyane Arizona na Central Valley muri California
• Gukora imirimo yo hanze mu bwubatsi, ubuhinzi, cyangwa ubucukuzi
• Kuhura n’imyuzure y’umukungugu cyangwa gukora imirimo ikurura ubutaka
• Kumara igihe mu bice bikora imirimo y’ubwubatsi cyangwa gucukura

Uduce tumwe na tumwe tw’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira eseye ikomeye:

• Abantu barengeje imyaka 60
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buterwa na VIH, imiti yo kuvura kanseri, cyangwa kubyaza imyanya y’umubiri
• Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Abantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa indwara z’ibihaha
• Abagore batwite, cyane cyane mu gihembwe cya gatatu
• Abantu bakomoka muri Filipine, Abanyamerika b’Abirabura, Abanyamerika bakomoka mu bwoko bw’abenegihugu, cyangwa Abahispanike

Ibyago byiyongereye mu matsinda amwe n’amwe y’abantu ntibisobanuwe neza, ariko bigaragara ko bifitanye isano n’imiterere y’impyiko igira ingaruka ku buryo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri busubiza fungi. Ibi ntibisobanura ko uzagira indwara, ariko bisobanura ko ukwiye kwitondera cyane kwandura kandi ugashaka ubufasha bw’abaganga hakiri kare niba ibimenyetso bigaragaye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Eseye ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira eseye batagize ibibazo, ingaruka zishobora kubaho mu bipimo bigera kuri 5-10%. Izi ngaruka zikunze kubaho niba ufite ibyago cyangwa niba ubwandu butabonwa kandi butavurwa uko bikwiye.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo ubwandu bukwirakwira uretse ibihaha byawe:

• Eseye y’ibihaha idashira, aho ibimenyetso by’ibihaha bikomeza amezi cyangwa imyaka
• Udukoko cyangwa ibyobo mu bihaha bishobora gusaba gukurikiranwa
• Eseye ikwirakwira, aho ubwandu bukwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri wawe
• Ubwandu bw’uruhu bufite ibisebe cyangwa inenge bibabaza
• Ubwandu bw’amagufa n’ingingo butera ububabare buhoraho no kubyimba
• Ubwandu bw’ubwonko n’umugongo (meningite), ariko bidafite akaga

Eseye ikwirakwira ni yo ngaruka ikomeye, ibaho mu kigero kitarenze 1% cy’ibibazo. Ibi bibaho iyo fungi ikwirakwira mu maraso yerekeza mu zindi nzego. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, abagore batwite, n’amatsinda amwe n’amwe y’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi by’iyi ngaruka.

Inkuru nziza ni uko n’izi ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya fungi. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigabanya cyane ibyago by’ingaruka mbi kandi binonosora ibyavuye mu buvuzi.

Eseye ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Kwiringira ko eseye izirindwa burundu bigoye kuko utubuto twa fungi tuba mu bice by’ubutayu. Ariko rero, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe ukoresheje ingamba, cyane cyane niba utuye cyangwa usura ahantu eseye iboneka cyane.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda:

• Guma imbere mu gihe cy’imyuzure y’umukungugu no mu minsi ifite umuyaga mwinshi
• Komeza amadirishya n’imyanya ifunze mu gihe cy’umukungugu
• Koresha air conditioning ifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho umukungugu aho gukoresha evaporative cooling
• Irinde imikino yo hanze nko kujya mu birunga cyangwa gukambika mu gihe cy’imyuzure y’umukungugu
• Koresha imyenda yo mu maso ya N95 cyangwa P100 mu gihe ukora imirimo ifite umukungugu
• Koza ubutaka mbere yo gucukura cyangwa kubuhindura
• Gutwara imodoka ufite amadirishya afunze mu bice byuzuye umukungugu

Niba ukora imirimo y’ubwubatsi, ubuhinzi, cyangwa ubucukuzi mu bice byanduye, vugana n’umukoresha wawe ku ngamba z’umutekano zinyongera. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gutanga uburyo bukwiye bwo kwirinda umukungugu, gutegura akazi kugira ngo wirinde umukungugu, cyangwa gukoresha amazi kugira ngo ugenzure umukungugu.

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira eseye ikomeye bagomba kwitondera cyane kwandura. Niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyangwa ibindi byago, banira ingamba zo kwirinda n’umuganga wawe.

Eseye imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya eseye bishobora kuba bigoye kuko ibimenyetso byayo bisa cyane n’iby’izindi ndwara z’ibihaha nka pneumonia cyangwa igicurane. Umuganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe, aho utuye cyangwa uherutse kujya, n’ibyago byawe kugira ngo amenye niba ukeneye gupimwa eseye.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe butangira n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima n’isuzuma ry’umubiri. Umuganga wawe azakubaza ku rugendo uherutse gukora mu bice eseye iboneka cyane, imikino yo hanze, n’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahura n’umukungugu cyangwa ahantu hakora imirimo y’ubwubatsi.

Ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha kwemeza eseye:

• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo urebe antijeni ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bukora kurwanya fungi
• Ibizamini bya X-ray by’ibihaha kugira ngo urebe ububabare cyangwa ibibazo by’ibihaha
• Ibizamini bya CT kugira ngo urebe neza ibihaha byawe niba bibaye ngombwa
• Ubucukuzi bw’umusemburo kugira ngo ukure fungi mu musemburo ukurura
• Ibizamini by’uruhu bigaragaza niba wahuye na fungi

Ibizamini by’amaraso ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo kumenya eseye. Ibi bizamini bishaka antijeni runaka umubiri wawe ukora iyo urwanya ubwandu. Bishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi nyuma yo kwandura kugira ngo antijeni zigaragara, bityo umuganga wawe ashobora gusubiramo ikizamini niba icya mbere kidahamye ariko ibimenyetso bikomeza.

Kumenya neza ni ngombwa kuko kuvura eseye bitandukanye no kuvura pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri. Antibiyotike ntabwo zifasha eseye kuko iterwa na fungi, atari bagiteri.

Ubuvuzi bwa Eseye ni buhe?

Inkuru nziza kuri eseye ni uko abantu benshi bakira batavuwe. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri busanzwe burwanya ubwandu ukwabyo, kandi ibimenyetso bigenda bigabanuka mu byumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ku bwandu buke, ubuvuzi bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso mu gihe umubiri wawe ukirinda:

• Ikiruhuko n’amazi ahagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe urwanye ubwandu
• Imiti igabanya ububabare yo mu iduka nka ibuprofen cyangwa acetaminophen kubabara no ku muriro
• Imiti yo kurwanya inkorora kugira ngo ifashe kurwanya inkorora idashira
• Kwima imikino ikurura guhumeka nabi

Imiti irwanya fungi itangwa ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye, ibyago byinshi, cyangwa ingaruka. Imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa irwanya fungi irimo fluconazole, itraconazole, na amphotericin B ku bwandu bukomeye cyane.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya fungi niba:

• Ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye by’ibihaha cyangwa pneumonia
• Ufite ibyago byinshi by’ingaruka kubera imyaka yawe cyangwa ubuzima
• Ufite ibimenyetso bikomeza aho kugabanuka
• Ugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubwandu bukwirakwira uretse ibihaha byawe
• Ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke

Kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya fungi bisanzwe bimamara amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 ku bwandu budakomeye, ariko bishobora gukomeza imyaka niba ubwandu bwakwiriye. Umuganga wawe azakurikirana uko ugendera hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya buri gihe n’ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo amenye niba imiti ikora neza.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Eseye

Kwitaho iwawe bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira kwawe eseye. Mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wumve utekanye kandi ushyigikire gukira.

Funga umutima ku kuruhuka bihagije no kunywa amazi ahagije. Umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo urwanye ubwandu, bityo ntukwiye kwihatira gukomeza urwego rwawe rusanzwe rw’imikino. Nwa amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa amasupu ashyushye kugira ngo ugumane amazi kandi ufashe kugabanya umusemburo mu bihaha byawe.

Kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso byawe neza:

• Koresha humidifier cyangwa uhumeka umwuka ushyushye uva mu mvura ishyushye kugira ngo ugabanye inkorora
• Koga mu mazi ashyushye kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw’imikaya n’amagufa
• Funga umutima ku kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe
• Irinde kunywa itabi n’umwotsi w’itabi, bishobora kongera ibimenyetso by’ibihaha
• Ryama ufite umutwe hejuru kugira ngo ugabanye inkorora nijoro
• Fata imiti yo mu iduka uko byategetswe kubera umuriro n’ububabare

Kurikirana ibimenyetso byawe neza kandi ubike amaso ku guhinduka. Abantu benshi bagaragaza iterambere ridafite ibibazo mu byumweru byinshi, nubwo umunaniro n’inkorora bishobora gukomeza amezi menshi. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bishya bibangamye, hamagara umuganga wawe vuba.

Wibuke ko gukira eseye bishobora kuba bigenda buhoro, kandi bisanzwe kumva unaniwe ibyumweru cyangwa amezi nyuma y’ibindi bimenyetso bigabanutse. Gira umwanya kuri wowe kandi ntukihute gusubira mu mikino ikomeye kugeza ubwo wumva umeze neza.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga wawe

Kwitoza gusura umuganga wawe bishobora gufasha kwemeza ko ubona ubuvuzi bukwiye kubera ibimenyetso byawe. Kugira amakuru akwiye bitegura bizafasha umuganga wawe kumenya niba ukeneye gupimwa eseye.

Mbere yo gusura umuganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe byatangiye. Funga umutima ku kureba uburemere, icyabongerera cyangwa kigabanya, n’ibintu byose wabonye. Aya makuru afasha umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza uko umeze.

Kora amakuru akenewe kugira ngo uyasangize umuganga wawe:

• Amateka y’urugendo uherutse gukora, cyane cyane mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’Amerika
• Imicyinyiro yo hanze cyangwa imirimo ishobora kuba yarakwerekannye umukungugu
• Imiti ufashe n’ibintu byose ufite
• Amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo ibibazo byose bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe
• Amateka y’umuryango wa eseye cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa na fungi
• Ibibazo ushaka kubabaza ku bimenyetso byawe cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza, nko kumenya niba ukeneye gupimwa eseye, uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, n’igihe ukwiye kwitega kumva umeze neza. Ntugatinye kubabaza icyo ari cyo cyose gikubangamiye.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufashe, harimo imiti yo mu iduka n’ibindi. Niba ufite ibizamini bya X-ray by’ibihaha byabanje cyangwa inyandiko z’ubuvuzi zijyanye n’ibimenyetso byawe, zana na byo.

Icyingenzi kuri Eseye ni iki?

Eseye ni ubwandu bw’ibihaha busanzwe ariko buvurwa, bugira ingaruka ku bantu batuye cyangwa basura uturere tw’ubutayu mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’Amerika. Nubwo izina rishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bafite eseye barakira batakenera ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibimenyetso bya eseye bisa cyane n’iby’igicurane cyangwa pneumonia, bityo byoroshye kubura ubuvuzi. Niba ufite ibimenyetso by’ibihaha bidashira kandi utuye cyangwa uherutse kujya mu bice eseye iboneka cyane, bivuge ku muganga wawe.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura neza bishobora kwirinda ingaruka mbi kandi bikagufasha kumva umeze neza vuba. Abantu benshi bafite eseye bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza. Ukoresheje ingamba, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura mugihe ukomeza kwishimira imikino yo hanze mu bice byiza by’ubutayu.

Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kugira eseye ikomeye kubera imyaka yawe, ubuzima, cyangwa ubwoko bwawe, korana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda yo kwirinda no kuvurwa hakiri kare niba uhuye n’ubwandu.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Eseye

Ese ushobora kwandura eseye inshuro nyinshi?

Yego, ariko si byo bisanzwe. Abantu benshi bagira ubudahangarwa nyuma yo kwandura bwa mbere, bubarinda kwandura eseye ukundi. Ariko kandi, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyane bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byo kwandura ukundi. Ubudahangarwa ufite busanzwe buramba kandi butanga uburinzi bukomeye ku kwandura fungi mu gihe kizaza.

Eseye imara igihe kingana iki?

Eseye yoroheje isanzwe imara ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 6, nubwo umunaniro n’inkorora bishobora gukomeza amezi menshi. Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushijeho kumererwa neza mu byumweru bike bya mbere, ariko gukira burundu bishobora kumara amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6. Abantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa ingaruka mbi bashobora gukenera kuvurwa amezi cyangwa imyaka, ariko ibi ntibisanzwe.

Ese eseye yandura hagati y’abantu?

Oya, eseye ntishobora kwandura hagati y’abantu binyuze mu nkorora, guhisha, cyangwa guhura hafi. Ushobora kwandura eseye gusa uhuhumeka utubuto twa fungi ukomoye mu butaka bwanduye. Ibi bivuze ko ntukeneye guhangayika kubyerekeye kuyikura mu bagize umuryango wawe cyangwa abakorana nawe bafite ubwandu.

Ese inyamaswa zo mu rugo zishobora kwandura eseye?

Yego, imbwa na gato zishobora kwandura eseye kimwe n’abantu - guhumeka utubuto twa fungi ukomoye mu butaka. Imbwa zikunze kwandura kandi zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’abantu, harimo inkorora, umuriro, n’umunaniro. Niba utuye mu gace eseye iboneka cyane kandi inyamaswa yawe igira ibimenyetso by’ibihaha, vugana n’umuvuzi w’amatungo yawe kubyerekeye gupima.

Ese nakwirinda kujya mu bice eseye iboneka cyane?

Abantu benshi ntibakwiye kwirinda kujya mu bice eseye iboneka. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batuye kandi basura ibi bice batarwara. Ariko rero, niba ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyane cyangwa ibindi byago byinshi, banira ingamba zo kwirinda n’umuganga wawe. Ingamba zoroheje nko guhora imbere mu gihe cy’imyuzure y’umukungugu bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe.