Dementia Ya Vascular

Dementia ya vascular ni izina rusange rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ibibazo byo gutekereza, gutegura, gufata ibyemezo, kwibuka n'ibindi bintu byo gutekereza biterwa n'uko ubwonko bwangirijwe kubera amaraso adatembera neza mu bwonko. Ushobora kurwara dementia ya vascular nyuma y'impanuka y'ubwonko ibuza umuyoboro w'amaraso gukora, ariko impanuka z'ubwonko ntiziterwa na dementia ya vascular. Niba impanuka y'ubwonko igira ingaruka ku mitekereze yawe no gutekereza biterwa n'uburemere bw'impanuka n'aho yabereye. Dementia ya vascular ishobora kandi guterwa n'izindi ndwara zangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso zigatuma amaraso adatembera neza, bigatuma ubwonko budabona umwuka uhagije n'ibindi biribwa. Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'impanuka z'ubwonko - birimo diabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol nyinshi no kunywa itabi - byongera kandi ibyago byo kurwara dementia ya vascular. Kugira ibyo bintu byose mugenzura bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara dementia ya vascular.

Ibimenyetso bya dementia ya vascular bitandukanye, bitewe n'igice cy'ubwonko bwawe amaraso atahagije. Akenshi ibimenyetso bihurirana n'ibindi bimenyetso bya dementia, cyane cyane dementia ya Alzheimer. Ariko bitandukanye na Alzheimer, ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bya dementia ya vascular bigaragara cyane mu muvuduko wo gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo kuruta igihombo cy'urwibutso.

Ibimenyetso n'ibigaragara bya dementia ya vascular birimo:

• Gushoberwa
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwita no kwibanda
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutegura ibitekerezo cyangwa ibikorwa
• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ikibazo, gutegura umugambi ufatika no kubwira abandi uwo mugambi
• Gutekereza buhoro
• Kugira ikibazo cyo gutegura
• Kugira ikibazo cyo gufata icyemezo cy'icyo gukora
• Ibibazo by'urwibutso
• Kudatuza no guhangayika
• Kugenda bidatuje
• Gushaka gukora umwanya cyangwa kenshi cyangwa kudakora umwanya wo kwitinya
• Kugira agahinda cyangwa ubunebwe

Ibimenyetso bya dementia ya vascular bishobora kugaragara neza iyo bibaye mu buryo butunguranye nyuma y'indwara yo mu bwonko. Iyo impinduka mu bitekerezo byawe no gutekereza bigaragara ko bifitanye isano n'indwara yo mu bwonko, iyi ndwara rimwe na rimwe yitwa dementia nyuma y'indwara yo mu bwonko.

Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bw'ibimenyetso bya dementia ya vascular bukurikira ibyiciro by'indwara yo mu bwonko cyangwa ministrokes. Impinduka mu mitekerereze yawe ziba mu ntambwe zigaragara zimanuka ugereranije n'ubushobozi bwawe bwa mbere, bitandukanye n'igabanuka ridafite iherezo riba muri dementia ya Alzheimer.

Ariko dementia ya vascular ishobora kandi gutera gahoro gahoro, kimwe na dementia ya Alzheimer. Byongeye kandi, indwara ya vascular na Alzheimer zikunze kuba hamwe.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu benshi bafite dementia n'ibimenyetso by'indwara ya vascular mu bwonko nabo bafite Alzheimer.

Dementia ya vascular iterwa n'ibibazo byangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko, bigabanya ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutuma ubwonko bubona intungamubiri n'umwuka uhagije ukeneye kugira ngo bukore imikorere y'ibitekerezo neza.

Indwara zisanzwe zishobora gutera dementia ya vascular zirimo:

• Impindurwa (infarction) ikinga umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko. Impindurwa zikinga umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko zisanzwe ziterwa n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye bishobora kuba birimo dementia ya vascular. Ariko hari impindurwa zitatera ibimenyetso byumvikana. Izi mpindurwa zitavugwa zigira uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'uburwayi bwa dementia.

Hamwe n'impindurwa zitavugwa n'izivugwa, ibyago byo kurwara dementia ya vascular byiyongera uko umubare w'impindurwa wiyongera uko igihe gihita. Ubwoko bumwe bwa dementia ya vascular burimo impindurwa nyinshi bwitwa multi-infarct dementia.

• Kuva kw'amaraso mu bwonko. Akenshi biterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso utuma imiyoboro y'amaraso iba igufi bigatuma amaraso ava mu bwonko akangiza, cyangwa kubera kwaduka kw'imisemburo mu miyoboro mito y'amaraso bibaho uko umuntu akura bigatuma iba igufi uko igihe gihita (cerebral amyloid angiopathy)
• Umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko wagabanutse cyangwa wangiritse igihe kirekire. Ibintu bigabanya cyangwa bikangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko igihe kirekire bishobora gutera dementia ya vascular. Ibi bintu birimo kwambara no gukura kw'umubiri, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, gukura nabi kw'imiyoboro y'amaraso (atherosclerosis), diabete

Muri rusange, ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso ni bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'impanuka z'ubwonko. Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso birimo:

• Kuba umuntu ageze mu zabukuru. Ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso birushaho kwiyongera uko umuntu akura. Indwara iba nke mbere y'imyaka 65, kandi ibyago birushaho kwiyongera cyane iyo umuntu agejeje ku myaka 90.
• Amateka y'impanuka z'umutima, impanuka z'ubwonko cyangwa impanuka nto z'ubwonko. Niba waragize impanuka y'umutima, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko. Imikorere mibi y'ubwonko iterwa n'impanuka y'ubwonko cyangwa impanuka nto y'ubwonko (transient ischemic attack) ishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia.
• Gukura kudasanzwe kw'imitsi y'amaraso (atherosclerosis). Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo ibintu byinshi bya kolesterol na bimwe mu bindi bintu (plaques) byubatswe mu mitsi y'amaraso bikagabanya imitsi y'amaraso. Atherosclerosis ishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso binyuze mu kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso ugaburira ubwonko.
• Kolesterol nyinshi. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa lipoprotein ya density nke (LDL), kolesterol « mbi », bifitanye isano n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru. Iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe uri hejuru, ushyira umuvuduko mwinshi ku mitsi y'amaraso hose mu mubiri wawe, harimo no mu bwonko. Ibi byongera ibyago by'ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko.
• Diabete. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa glucose yangiza imitsi y'amaraso hose mu mubiri. Imikorere mibi mu mitsi y'amaraso y'ubwonko ishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'impanuka y'ubwonko na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Itabi. Itabi yangiza imitsi y'amaraso, bikongera ibyago bya atherosclerosis n'izindi ndwara z'imitsi y'amaraso, harimo na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Umurire. Kuba ufite ibiro byinshi ni ikintu kizwi cyane cyongera ibyago by'indwara z'imitsi y'amaraso muri rusange, kandi rero, biragaragara ko byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Atrial fibrillation. Muri ubu buryo budasanzwe bw'umutima, icyumba cyo hejuru cy'umutima gitangira gukubita vuba kandi bidahwitse, bitajyanye n'icyumba cyo hasi cy'umutima. Atrial fibrillation yongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n'impanuka y'ubwonko kuko itera ko amaraso ahinduka umucanga mu mutima ashobora gutandukana akajya mu mitsi y'amaraso y'ubwonko.

Ubuzima bw'imijyana y'amaraso mu bwonko bufite aho buhuriye cyane n'ubuzima bwawe bw'umutima muri rusange. Gukurikiza ibi bintu kugira ngo umutima wawe ugire ubuzima bwiza bishobora kandi kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwibagirwa bitewe n'indwara z'imijyana y'amaraso:

• Kugira igitutu cy'amaraso gikwiye. Kugumana igitutu cy'amaraso mu rwego rusanzwe bishobora kugufasha kwirinda kwibagirwa bitewe n'indwara z'imijyana y'amaraso ndetse na Alzheimer.
• Kwima indwara ya diyabete cyangwa kuyirinda. Kwima ikibazo cya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ukoresheje indyo yuzuye n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, ni ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwibagirwa. Niba umaze kugira diyabete, kugenzura urwego rwa glucose yawe bishobora kugufasha kurinda imijyana y'amaraso mu bwonko yawe kwangirika.
• Reka kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi yangiza imijyana y'amaraso hose mu mubiri wawe.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bikwiye kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'umugambi w'ubuzima bwiza wa buri wese. Usibye ibindi byiza byose bifite, imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kugufasha kwirinda kwibagirwa bitewe n'indwara z'imijyana y'amaraso.
• Kugumana cholesterol yawe ku rwego rukwiye. Indyo nzima, ifite amavuta make, n'imiti igabanya cholesterol niba ukeneye, bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugira umutima uhagaze n'impanuka z'umutima zishobora gutera kwibagirwa bitewe n'indwara z'imijyana y'amaraso, bishoboka ko bigabanya umubare w'ibintu byubaka imbere mu mitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko bwawe.

Abaganga bashobora hafi ya buri gihe kumenya ko ufite demantia, ariko nta kizami runaka kigaragaza ko ufite demantia ya vascular. Muganga wawe azakora icyemezo cy'aho demantia ya vascular ari yo mpamvu ishoboka cyane y'ibimenyetso byawe hashingiwe ku makuru utanga, amateka yawe y'uburwayi bwa stroke cyangwa indwara z'umutima n'imijyana y'amaraso, n'ibyavuye mu bipimo bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uburwayi bwawe.

Niba dosiye yawe y'ubuvuzi idakubiyemo ibipimo biheruka by'ibintu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ubuzima bw'umutima wawe n'imijyana y'amaraso, muganga wawe azakupima:

Ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizami kugira ngo akureho izindi mpamvu zishoboka zo kubura kwibuka no guhuzagurika, nka:

Muganga wawe arashobora kureba ubuzima bwawe bwose bwa neurologique mu gupima:

Amashusho y'ubwonko bwawe ashobora kugaragaza neza ibibazo byagaragaye bitewe na stroke, indwara z'imijyana y'amaraso, ibibyimba cyangwa imvune bishobora gutera impinduka mu kwibuka no gutekereza. Ubushakashatsi bw'amashusho y'ubwonko bushobora gufasha muganga wawe kwibanda ku mpamvu zishoboka cyane z'ibimenyetso byawe no gukuraho izindi mpamvu.

Uburyo bwo kubona amashusho y'ubwonko muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kugira ngo afashe kuvura demantia ya vascular harimo:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ikoresha amashusho ya radiyo n'ikinyabiziga gikomeye cy'amagnetic kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko bwawe. Uryama ku meza mato yinjiye mu mashini ya MRI ifite ishusho y'umuyoboro, ikora urusaku rw'amajwi menshi mu gihe ikora amashusho.

MRIs nta kuribwa, ariko bamwe bumva bafunze mu mashini kandi barababazwa n'urusaku. MRIs ni ubusanzwe ikizamini cyifuzwa cyo kubona amashusho kuko MRIs ishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye kurusha computed tomography (CT) scans ku bijyanye na stroke, ministrokes n'ibibazo by'imijyana y'amaraso kandi ni ikizamini cyahisemo cyo gusuzuma demantia ya vascular.

Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Ku gipimo cya CT, uzaryama ku meza mato yinjiye mu cyumba gito. X-rays zinyura mu mubiri wawe kuva mu mpande zitandukanye, kandi mudasobwa ikoresha amakuru kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'ibice by'ubwonko bwawe.

CT scan ishobora gutanga amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'ubwonko bwawe; kumenya niba hari uturere tugabanuka; no kubona ibimenyetso bya stroke, ministroke (transient ischemic attacks), impinduka mu mijyana y'amaraso cyangwa ibibyimba.

Ubu bwoko bw'ikizamini busuzuma ubushobozi bwawe bwo:

Ibizami bya neuropsychological rimwe na rimwe bigaragaza ibyavuye mu buryo bw'umwihariko ku bantu bafite ubwoko butandukanye bwa demantia. Abantu bafite demantia ya vascular bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo gusesengura ikibazo no gutegura umuti ukwiye.

Bashobora kuba badafite ikibazo cyo kwiga amakuru mashya no kwibuka kurusha abantu bafite demantia bitewe na Alzheimer's disease keretse ibibazo byabo by'imijyana y'amaraso bigira ingaruka ku bice by'ubwonko bifite akamaro mu kwibuka. Ariko, hariho akenshi ibintu byinshi bisanzwe mu byavuye mu bizami ku bantu bafite demantia ya vascular n'abantu bafite impinduka z'ubwonko za Alzheimer's disease.

Nubwo ibintu byinshi byibandwa ku gutandukanya demantia ya Alzheimer's na demantia ya vascular, bigaragara ko hariho akenshi ibintu byinshi bisanzwe. Abantu benshi bavurwa demantia ya Alzheimer's bafite igice cya vascular kandi kimwe n'abantu benshi bafite demantia ya vascular bafite urwego runaka rw'impinduka za Alzheimer's mu bwonko bwabo.

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso

• Cholesterol

• Isukari y'amaraso

• Indwara za thyroid

• Kubura vitamine

• Reflexes

• Imiterere y'imikaya n'imbaraga, n'uburyo imbaraga ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe zigereranywa n'uruhande rundi

• Ubushobozi bwo kuzuka ku ntebe no kugenda mu cyumba

• Kumva no kubona

• Ubufatanye

• Kugira umutekano

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ikoresha amashusho ya radiyo n'ikinyabiziga gikomeye cy'amagnetic kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko bwawe. Uryama ku meza mato yinjiye mu mashini ya MRI ifite ishusho y'umuyoboro, ikora urusaku rw'amajwi menshi mu gihe ikora amashusho.

  MRIs nta kuribwa, ariko bamwe bumva bafunze mu mashini kandi barababazwa n'urusaku. MRIs ni ubusanzwe ikizamini cyifuzwa cyo kubona amashusho kuko MRIs ishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye kurusha computed tomography (CT) scans ku bijyanye na stroke, ministrokes n'ibibazo by'imijyana y'amaraso kandi ni ikizamini cyahisemo cyo gusuzuma demantia ya vascular.

• Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Ku gipimo cya CT, uzaryama ku meza mato yinjiye mu cyumba gito. X-rays zinyura mu mubiri wawe kuva mu mpande zitandukanye, kandi mudasobwa ikoresha amakuru kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'ibice by'ubwonko bwawe.

  CT scan ishobora gutanga amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'ubwonko bwawe; kumenya niba hari uturere tugabanuka; no kubona ibimenyetso bya stroke, ministroke (transient ischemic attacks), impinduka mu mijyana y'amaraso cyangwa ibibyimba.

• Kuvuga, kwandika no gusobanukirwa ururimi

• Gukorana n'imibare

• Kwiga no kwibuka amakuru

• Gutegura gahunda yo kugaba igitero no gukemura ikibazo

• Gusubiza neza ku bihe by'ibitekerezo

Ubusanzwe, uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije gucunga ubuzima n'ibyago by'indwara bitera indwara ya dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imijyana y'amaraso.

Kugira ngo tugumane ubuzima bw'umutima n'imijyana y'amaraso, hari ubwo bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'indwara ya dementia iterwa n'uburwayi bw'imijyana y'amaraso, kandi rimwe na rimwe bikaba byarinda izindi ngaruka mbi. Bitewe n'imimerere yawe bwite, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti igira ibi bikurikira:

• Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso
• Kugabanya cholesterol
• Kuburizamo amaraso gukomera no gutuma imitsi y'amaraso igumana isuku
• Gufasha kugenzura isukari mu maraso niba ufite diabete

N'ubwo ibi bitaragaragaye ko bihindura uko indwara ya vascular dementia ikomeza, muganga wawe arashobora kugutekereza ko:

• Witabira imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe
• Ufata indyo iboneye
• Ugerageza kugumana ibiro bisanzwe
• Witabira ibikorwa by'abantu benshi
• Uhanganye n'ubwonko bwawe ukoresheje imikino, ibibazo n'ibikorwa bishya, nko kujya mu ishuri ry'ubugeni cyangwa kumva umuziki mushya
• Ugatinda kunywa inzoga