Ese ni iki? Ibibazo, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Kugira umutima uhagaze (Ventricular fibrillation) ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane cy'umutima, aho icyumba cyo hasi cy'umutima gahungabana cyane aho gutobora amaraso neza. Ibi bivuze ko umutima wawe udashobora gutanga amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni mu bwonko bwawe no mu zindi ngingo z'ingenzi. Ni ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga bugomba kuvurwa vuba, ariko kubyumva bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso no kumenya icyo witeze.

Ese ni iki?

Kugira umutima uhagaze bibaho iyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu myanya y'umutima y'imbere bihinduka bidasobanutse. Tekereza ku mutima wawe usanzwe nk'itsinda ry'abacuranzi bakorana neza, ariko mu guhagaze kw'umutima, buri mucuranzi acuranga indirimbo itandukanye icyarimwe.

Umutima wawe ufite imyanya ine, kandi imyanya ibiri yo hasi yitwa ventricles isanzwe ihuza hamwe kugira ngo isohore amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Mu gihe umutima uhagaze, iyo myanya ihungabana cyane kandi idasanzwe, hafi inshuro 300 ku munota. Ubu hungabana buvuze ko nta gutobora amaraso bikorwa neza.

Udashobora kubona amaraso neza, ubwonko bwawe n'izindi ngingo ntibibona ogisijeni bakeneye. Mu minota mike, ibi bishobora gutera guhagarara kw'umutima no gupfa niba bitavuwe vuba. Inkuru nziza ni uko gutabara vuba hamwe no gukoresha imashini igarura umutima (defibrillation) bishobora kugarura umutima usanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byo guhagarara kw'umutima?

Guhagarara kw'umutima bisanzwe biterwa no kugwa gitunguranye kuko umutima wawe uhagaze gutobora amaraso neza. Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu kanya gato kandi bikagenda byihuse.

Ibimenyetso byihuse ushobora kubona birimo:

• Gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa kugwa gitunguranye
• Kudafite umutima ukora
• Guhagarika guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara mu gituza mbere yo kugwa
• Umutima ukora cyane, uhumeka nabi, ugaceka vuba

Rimwe na rimwe, ibimenyetso by'umubabaro bishobora kugaragara mu isaha imwe mbere y'uko umutima uhagaze. Ibyo bimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, iseseme, cyangwa guhindagurika. Ariko, abantu benshi nta bimenyetso by'umubabaro bagira.

Ni ngombwa kumva ko iyo umutima uhagaze utangiye, umuntu azatakaza ubwenge mu masegonda 10-15. Ibi bituma bitandukanye n'izindi ndwara z'umutima aho ibimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro.

Ni iki gitera guhagarara kw'umutima?

Guhagarara kw'umutima bisanzwe biterwa n'ibibazo by'amashanyarazi y'umutima, bikunze guterwa n'indwara y'umutima. Umutima wawe ukoresha ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo uhuze buri gukubita kw'umutima, kandi iyo uwo muti w'amashanyarazi uhungabanye, imiterere y'umutima mibi ishobora kuvuka.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Gutabara kw'umutima (impamvu isanzwe)
• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima
• Cardiomyopathy (imikaya y'umutima ikomeye cyangwa yagutse)
• Ibibazo by'amavuta y'umutima
• Ibibazo by'umutima umuntu avukana
• Igisubizo cy'ubuganga cyakozwe ku mutima

Impamvu zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zirimo kudahuza neza kwa electrolytes, cyane cyane ipunguka rya potasiyumu cyangwa magnésiyumu. Gukoresha imiti myinshi, cyane cyane cocaine cyangwa imiti imwe, bishobora kandi gutera guhagarara kw'umutima. Kugira ishoke ry'amashanyarazi, kurohama, cyangwa gukama cyane ni impamvu zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye.

Mu bindi bihe, guhagarara kw'umutima bibaho ku bantu bafite imitima isanzwe. Ibi bishobora kubaho kubera ibibazo by'umuzuko bigira ingaruka ku mashanyarazi y'umutima, nka Brugada syndrome cyangwa long QT syndrome.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera guhagarara kw'umutima?

Guhagarara kw'umutima buri gihe ni ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga bugomba kuvurwa vuba. Niba umuntu agwa gitunguranye kandi atameze neza mu guhumeka, hamagara 911 vuba ukanatanga ubufasha bwo kuvura umutima (CPR) niba ubahuguwe.

Ukwiye gushaka ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga vuba niba ufite:

• Kubabara mu gituza gitunguranye hamwe no guhindagurika no guhumeka nabi
• Kugwa gitunguranye, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora imyitozo
• Umutima ukora cyane, udakora neza hamwe no guhindagurika
• Kubabara cyane mu gituza bidakira n'ikiruhuko

Ntugatege amatsiko ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizakira ubwabyo. Ibibazo by'umutima bikeneye ubufasha bwa muganga mu minota mike kugira ngo birinde ibibazo birambye cyangwa urupfu.

Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima cyangwa indwara zizwi z'umutima, banira umuganga wawe ibibazo byawe mu bugenzuzi busanzwe. Bashobora kugufasha kumva ibimenyetso by'umubabaro no gutegura gahunda yo gutabara mu gihe cy'akaga.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo guhagarara kw'umutima?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo guhura n'ikibazo cyo guhagarara kw'umutima, indwara y'umutima ikaba ari ikintu gikomeye cyane cyongera ibyago. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gukorana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo wirinde icyo kibazo gikomeye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Gutabara kw'umutima mbere
• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru
• Diabete
• Cholesterol iri hejuru
• Kunywa itabi
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi
• Kubyibuha

Imyaka n'igitsina na byo bigira uruhare, abagabo barengeje imyaka 45 n'abagore barengeje imyaka 55 bafite ibyago byinshi. Ariko, guhagarara kw'umutima bishobora kubaho mu myaka yose, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umuzuko by'umutima.

Ibyago bidakunze kubaho birimo ibibazo bimwe by'umuzuko bigira ingaruka ku mutima, nka hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cyangwa arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Imiti imwe, cyane cyane iyigira ingaruka ku mutima, ishobora kandi kongera ibyago ku bantu bafite ibyago.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa no guhagarara kw'umutima?

Ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhagarara kw'umutima ni urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima, rubaho iyo umutima uhagaze gutobora amaraso neza. Utabonye ubuvuzi vuba, icyo kibazo kirasenya mu minota mike.

Nubwo wakize, ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mu gihe ingingo zitabonye ogisijeni ihagije:

• Ibibazo by'ubwonko kubera kubura ogisijeni
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa guhuzagurika
• Ibibazo by'impyiko
• Ibibazo by'umwijima
• Ibibazo by'izindi ngingo

Igihe kirekire umuntu amara mu guhagarara kw'umutima mbere yo kuvurwa, ibyago byo kugira ibibazo birambye byiyongera. Udukora tw'ubwonko dutangira gupfa mu minota 4-6 utabonye ogisijeni, niyo mpamvu CPR na defibrillation byihuse ari ingenzi cyane.

Bamwe mu bantu barokotse guhagarara kw'umutima bashobora kugira imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba nyuma yaho. Ibi ni ibisanzwe nyuma yo kurokoka ikibazo cy'ubuzima, kandi inama cyangwa amatsinda y'ubufasha bishobora gufasha cyane mu gihe cyo gukira.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda guhagarara kw'umutima?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda guhagarara kw'umutima ni ukugira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima no gucunga ibibazo byongera ibyago. Nubwo udashobora kwirinda ibyo bibazo byose, ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago biri mu maboko yawe.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda zirimo:

• Gucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru na cholesterol
• Gucunga diabete neza
• Kureka kunywa itabi
• Kugira ibiro bikwiye
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe nkuko umuganga wawe abyemeje
• Kugabanya kunywa inzoga
• Gukoresha imiti y'umutima nkuko umuganga wawe abibwiye

Niba ufite indwara y'imitsi y'umutima cyangwa warokotse gutabara kw'umutima, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka imiti nka beta-blockers cyangwa ACE inhibitors kugira ngo agabanye ibyago byawe. Bamwe mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi bashobora kungukirwa no gushyirwaho igikoresho cyo kuvura umutima (ICD).

Kujya kwa muganga buri gihe ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba ufite indwara y'umutima cyangwa amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umutima. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana ubuzima bwawe bw'umutima no guhindura ubuvuzi uko bikenewe kugira ngo agabanye ibyago byawe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura guhagarara kw'umutima?

Guhita ukoresha imashini igarura umutima (defibrillation) ni ubuvuzi bwiza cyane bwo kuvura guhagarara kw'umutima. Ibi bisobanura gutanga ishoke ry'amashanyarazi ku mutima wawe kugira ngo usubize umutima usanzwe. Buri munota udashobora gukoresha imashini igarura umutima, amahirwe yo gukira agabanuka hafi 10%.

Ubuvuzi bwo gutabara burimo:

• CPR kugira ngo ukomeze amaraso kugeza imashini igarura umutima ikoreshejwe
• Imashini igarura umutima kugira ngo isubize umutima usanzwe
• Imiti nka epinephrine cyangwa amiodarone
• Ubufasha bwo guhumeka
• Amazi ya IV n'ogisijeni

Nyuma yo gukira, ubuvuzi buzaba bugamije kwirinda ibindi bibazo. Ibi bishobora kuba imiti yo gutuza umutima, uburyo bwo gufungura imitsi ikingiranye, cyangwa kubaga kugira ngo usane imikaya y'umutima yangiritse.

Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhagarara kw'umutima, abaganga bakunze kugira inama yo gushyirwaho igikoresho cyo kuvura umutima (ICD). Icyo gikoresho gito gikurikirana umutima wawe buri gihe kandi gitanga ishoke ry'amashanyarazi niba hari imiterere mibi y'umutima.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo nyuma yo gukira guhagarara kw'umutima?

Gukira guhagarara kw'umutima bigamije kwirinda ibindi bibazo no kongera imbaraga zawe. Umuganga wawe azakugirira inama yihariye ishingiye ku cyateye icyo kibazo n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kwitaho mu rugo birimo:

• Gukoresha imiti yose yatanzwe neza nkuko umuganga wawe abibwiye
• Kurya indyo nzima y'umutima ifite umunyu muke n'amavuta make
• Kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu myitozo ngororamubiri nkuko umuganga wawe abyemeje
• Gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe no gutanga raporo ku mpinduka
• Kwitabira buri bugenzuzi

Niba ufite ICD, ugomba kumenya uko ubaho ufite icyo gikoresho. Ibi birimo kwirinda imashini zikomeye zikoresha ubukanishi bwa magneti, gutwara ikarita y'ibimenyetso, no kumenya icyo ukora niba icyo gikoresho gikora.

Ubufasha bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gukira. Abantu benshi barokotse bagira imihangayiko ku bibazo by'ejo hazaza, kandi inama cyangwa amatsinda y'ubufasha bishobora kugufasha gutunganya ibyo byiyumvo no gutegura uburyo bwo kubirwanya.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga wawe?

Kwitunganya neza mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi burambuye. Zana amakuru arambuye yerekeye amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ibimenyetso ubu ufite, nubwo bisa nkaho ari bito.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, teka:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti n'ibindi ukoresha
• Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara z'umutima cyangwa urupfu rutunguranye
• Ibimenyetso byose wahuye na byo
• Inyandiko z'ubuvuzi n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje
• Ibibazo ushaka kubaza

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa incuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bwawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kugufasha mu gihe cyo gusura umuganga.

Andika ibibazo byawe mbere kugira ngo utabyibagirwa. Ibibazo bisanzwe bishobora kuba kubaza ibyago byawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, impinduka mu mibereho, n'ibimenyetso by'umubabaro ukwiye kwitondera.

Icyingenzi cyo kumenya kuri guhagarara kw'umutima?

Guhagarara kw'umutima ni ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima ariko gishobora kuvurwa, gikenera ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga vuba. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa icyo kibazo biguha ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubabaro no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko gutabara vuba kurokora ubuzima. Niba umuntu agwa gitunguranye, hamagara 911 vuba kandi utange CPR niba ubahuguwe. Ubuvuzi bwa none n'imashini igarura umutima bishobora kugarura umutima usanzwe iyo ubuvuzi butangiye vuba.

Kugira ngo wirinde, shyira imbaraga mu kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima binyuze mu buvuzi busanzwe, imibereho myiza, no gucunga neza ibibazo nka umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru na diabete. Abantu benshi barokotse guhagarara kw'umutima bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buhamye, bukora neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubukurikirane.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Kuri Guhagarara Kw'Umutima

Urashobora kurokoka guhagarara kw'umutima?

Yego, abantu benshi barokoka guhagarara kw'umutima iyo babonye ubuvuzi vuba. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukoresha imashini igarura umutima mu minota mike ya mbere. Amahirwe yo gukira aba ari menshi iyo abantu ba hafi batangira CPR vuba kandi ubutabazi bwo kwa muganga bukaza vuba. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubukurikirane, abantu benshi barokotse basubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe.

Ese guhagarara kw'umutima bimwe na gutabara kw'umutima?

Oya, ni ibibazo bitandukanye, nubwo bishobora guhurirana. Gutabara kw'umutima bibaho iyo amaraso ajya mu gice cy'imikaya y'umutima ahagarikwa. Guhagarara kw'umutima ni ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi y'umutima giterwa n'imitwaro mibi y'umutima. Ariko, gutabara kw'umutima bishobora gutera guhagarara kw'umutima, niyo mpamvu byombi ari ibibazo bikomeye.

Umuntu ashobora kubaho igihe kingana iki afite guhagarara kw'umutima?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, guhagarara kw'umutima birasenya mu minota mike kuko umutima wawe udashobora gutobora amaraso neza. Ariko, hamwe no gukoresha imashini igarura umutima vuba n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barokoka kandi bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukira vuba bishoboka nyuma y'uko icyo kibazo gitangiye.

Ese guhagarara kw'umutima byumvikana gute?

Abantu benshi batakaza ubwenge mu masegonda 10-15 guhera igihe guhagarara kw'umutima gutangiye, bityo ntibibuka byinshi ku buryo byumvikana. Bamwe mu bantu bagira ububabare mu gituza, guhindagurika, cyangwa guhumeka nabi mbere yo kugwa, ariko benshi nta bimenyetso by'umubabaro bagira. Niyo mpamvu akenshi bitwa "urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima."

Ese umunaniro ushobora gutera guhagarara kw'umutima?

Nubwo umunaniro wo mu mutwe cyangwa mu mubiri udashobora gutera guhagarara kw'umutima ku bantu bafite imitima isanzwe, umunaniro ukabije rimwe na rimwe ushobora gutera icyo kibazo ku bantu bafite indwara y'umutima. Umunaniro ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe kandi ushobora gutera ibibazo nka gutabara kw'umutima bishobora gutera guhagarara kw'umutima. Gucunga umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kuba igice cy'ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima.