Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese ni ubwandu butera umuriro mu gifu no mu mara, bizwi cyane nka "grippe y'igifu." Nubwo bwitwa gutya, ntaho bihuriye na grippe isanzwe – bitera na virusi zitandukanye zigaba igitero ku gice cy'igogorwa ry'ibiribwa.

Iki kibazo kigira abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni buri mwaka kandi gisanzwe gikira kigacika mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru. Nubwo bishobora gutuma wumva ubona nabi by'agateganyo, abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza barakira batagize ibibazo by'igihe kirekire.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ibaho iyo virusi zateye mu gice cy'imbere cy'igifu na mara, zigatuma bibyimba kandi bikababara. Umubiri wawe ugerageza kurwanya ubwandu, ibyo bigatuma ugaragaza ibimenyetso.

Iki kibazo cyandura cyane kandi gikwirakwira vuba cyane mu bantu binyuze mu biribwa, amazi, cyangwa guhura hafi n'abanduye. Ni kimwe mu bwandu busanzwe ku isi, bugira abantu b'ingeri zose, nubwo abana n'abakuze bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Ubusanzwe, iyi ndwara iba yoroheje kandi ikagenda yikira, bisobanura ko ubudahangarwa bwawe buzarwanya ubwandu. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni ukwirinda gucika amazi, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima nk'abana bato, abakuze, cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa buke.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bishobora gutuma wumva ubona nabi, ariko ni uburyo umubiri wawe uhangana n'ubwandu. Dore ibyo ushobora guhura na byo:

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo:

• Impiswi y'amazi ishobora kuba nyinshi kandi igahita
• Isesemi n'kuruka, bishobora kuba bikomeye mu ntangiriro
• Kubabara mu gifu
• Umuriro muke, ubusanzwe munsi ya 38.9°C
• Kubabara umutwe n'umubiri
• Umunaniro n'intege nke
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Ubukana bwabyo butandukanye ku muntu ku wundi. Bamwe bagira ibyo bimenyetso byose, abandi bagira impiswi yoroheje n'isesemi nke. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bitangira nyuma y'iminsi 1-3 uhuye na virusi kandi bishobora kumara iminsi 1-10, abantu benshi bakira mu minsi 3-5.

Ibimenyetso bitoroshye ariko bishoboka:

• Ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi nk'kugira umutwe, akanwa karibwa, cyangwa kunyara gake
• Kubabara imikaya mu mubiri wose
• Kugira imbeho nubwo ufite umuriro
• Amara amaraso (bihoraho, ariko bishobora kugaragaza ubwandu bukomeye)

Nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bishobora gutera impungenge, ubusanzwe biba by'agateganyo kandi bigaragaza ko ubudahangarwa bwawe buri gukora kugira ngo bukureho ubwandu.

Ese ni iki gitera Ese?

Virusi nyinshi zitandukanye zishobora gutera Ese, zimwe zikaba zisanzwe kurusha izindi. Gusobanukirwa virusi ishobora kuba ari yo yateye bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira.

Intandaro za virusi zisanzwe:

• Norovirus: Intandaro y'ibanze mu bakuru, ikwirakwira cyane kandi vuba mu bice bifunze nk'amato cyangwa ibitaro
• Rotavirus: Isanzwe mu bana bato, nubwo inkingo zigabanya cyane
• Adenovirus: Isanzwe igira abana bari munsi y'imyaka 2 kandi ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeza igihe kirekire
• Astrovirus: Isanzwe itera ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi igira abana bato n'abakuze

Izo virusi zikwirakwira binyuze mu nzira y'amanyu. Ibi bivuze ko virusi iva mu mwanda w'umuntu wanduye igera mu kanwa k'undi muntu, ubusanzwe binyuze mu ntoki zanduye, ibiryo, cyangwa amazi.

Uko ikwirakwira bisanzwe bibaho:

• Kurya ibiryo byanduye bitegurwa n'umuntu wanduye
• Kunywesha amazi cyangwa ubukonje byanduye
• Gukora ku bintu byanduye hanyuma ukakora ku kanwa kawe
• Guhura hafi n'umuntu wanduye
• Gusangira ibikoresho, udutabo, cyangwa ibindi bintu bya buri muntu

Virusi zikomeye cyane kandi zishobora kuba ku bintu iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, bityo kwirinda binyuze mu isuku ni ingenzi cyane.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ese nyinshi zikira zikagenda zikira zidasabye ubuvuzi. Ariko, hari igihe biba ngombwa kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo cyangwa ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite:

• Ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi bikomeye nk'kugira umutwe, akanwa karibwa, cyangwa kunyara gake
• Amaraso mu maraso cyangwa mu ruke
• Umuriro ukabije urenze 38.9°C udashira nubwo ufashe imiti
• Kubabara mu gifu bikomeye bidashira cyangwa bikomeza kwiyongera
• Kudashaka amazi mu gihe kirekire kirenze amasaha 24
• Ibimenyetso byo gucika intege cyangwa intege nke zikomeye

Hamagara muganga mu masaha 24 niba:

• Ibimenyetso bikomeza igihe kirekire kirenze icyumweru
• Udashobora kubona amazi ahagije nubwo ugerageje
• Ufite ibibazo by'ubuzima bikomeye bikugiraho ingaruka
• Witaye ku mwana muto, umuntu mukuru, cyangwa umuntu ufite ubudahangarwa buke ufite ibimenyetso

Ku bana bato, uburyo bwo gushaka ubuvuzi buba bworoshye kuko bashobora gucika amazi vuba cyane kurusha abakuze.

Ibyago byo kwandura Ese ni ibihe?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura Ese, hari ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba.

Ibihe byongera ibyago birimo:

• Kuba mu bice byuzuye abantu nk'amashuri, amato, cyangwa ibitaro
• Guhura hafi n'abantu bo mu muryango cyangwa ababitaho banduye
• Kurya mu maresitora adafite isuku ihagije
• Kujya mu bice badafite isuku ihagije
• Gukora mu buvuzi, kwita ku bana, cyangwa gutegura ibiryo
• Koga mu mazi yanduye

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara bikomeye:

• Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5
• Abantu barengeje imyaka 65
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
• Abantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima nk'igisukari cyangwa indwara z'impyiko
• Abagore batwite

Nubwo uri mu kaga, abantu benshi barakira neza bafashwe neza kandi bakitaye ku mazi. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya igihe ukeneye ubufasha bwa muganga.

Ibibazo bishoboka bya Ese ni ibihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi barakira Ese batagize ibibazo, hari ibibazo bishobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima. Kubimenya bigufasha kumenya igihe ukeneye ubufasha bwa muganga.

Ikibazo gisanzwe ni gucika amazi, bibaho iyo utakaza amazi menshi kurusha uko uyanywa:

• Gucika amazi gake biterwa n'inyota, akanwa karibwa, no kunyara gake
• Gucika amazi mu rugero rw'impuzankano biterwa no kugira umutwe, umunaniro, n'inkari z'umuhondo
• Gucika amazi bikomeye bishobora gutera gucika intege, umutima ukomanga cyane, kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa

Gucika amazi biba bibi cyane ku bana bato, abakuze, n'abantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuzima kuko imibiri yabo iba ifite amazi make yo guhangana no kubura amazi.

Ibindi bibazo bishoboka birimo:

• Kubura ubusugire bw'umubiri kubera kubura umunyu, potasiyumu, cyangwa ibindi bintu by'ingenzi
• Kudakunda amata by'agateganyo bishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi nyuma yo gukira
• Indwara y'amara idakira mu bantu bamwe
• Ubundi bwandu bw'ibinyabuzima mu bice bike

Ibyo bibazo biba bike mu bakuru bafite ubuzima bwiza ariko biba byinshi iyo indwara ikomeye cyangwa ikamara igihe kirekire. Ibibazo byinshi bishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu kunywa amazi ahagije no kuruhuka mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ese Ese ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ni uko Ese ishobora kwirindwa cyane binyuze mu isuku no mu ngamba nziza. Kubera ko izo virusi zikwirakwira vuba, kwirinda bibanda ku kubica mu nzira.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwoza intoki neza n'amazi n'isabune mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero no mbere yo kurya
• Gukoresha isabune y'inzoga iyo udafite amazi n'isabune (nubwo kwoza intoki ari byiza kurushaho kurwanya izo virusi)
• Kwirinda guhura hafi n'abantu barwaye
• Kudusangira ibikoresho, ibikombe, cyangwa ibindi bintu bya buri muntu n'abandi
• Kuguma mu rugo iyo urwaye kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza virusi
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu byanduye hakoreshejwe amazi asukura

Ingamba zo kwirinda mu biribwa n'amazi:

• Kwoza imbuto n'imboga neza mbere yo kurya
• Kwima amatunda adateguwe neza, cyane cyane iyo uri mu rugendo
• Kunywesha amazi afunzwe cyangwa ateguwe neza mu bice badafite isuku ihagije
• Kwitondera ubukonje mu binyama mbere yo kujya mu rugendo
• Kwima ibiryo byo mu muhanda cyangwa aho badafite isuku ihagije

Inkingo zirahari kuri Rotavirus kandi zirahabwa abana bato, ibyo bikaba byaragabanije cyane indwara mu bana bato. Ariko, nta nkingo irahari kuri Norovirus, intandaro y'ibanze mu bakuru.

Ese Ese ipima ite?

Abaganga basanzwe bapima Ese binyuze mu bimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima aho gukora ibizamini byihariye. Ibimenyetso – gutangira kw'impinduka, kuruka, no kubabara mu gifu – ubusanzwe bigaragaza neza.

Mu gihe cyo kubonana na muganga, azakubaza igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye, ibyo uheruka kurya, n'uko abandi bantu muri wowe barwaye. Azareba kandi niba ucika amazi kandi azakureba mu gifu niba hari aho kibabara.

Ibizamini bikenerwa gusa niba:

• Ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire kurusha igihe cyitezwe
• Hari amaraso mu maraso cyangwa mu ruke
• Ufite ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi bikomeye
• Muganga akekako ari ubwandu bw'ibinyabuzima aho kuba virusi
• Ufite ibibazo by'ubuzima bikugora gupima

Iyo ibizamini bikenewe, bishobora kuba harimo ibipimo by'amara kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi cyangwa harebwe niba atari ubwandu bw'ibinyabuzima, ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe niba ucika amazi cyangwa hari ibindi bintu by'ingenzi ubyabuze, cyangwa mu bice bike, ibizamini by'amashusho niba hari ibibazo by'ubuzima byakekwa.

Akenshi, kumenya virusi ntabwo bihindura ubuvuzi, kuko icy'ingenzi ari ugufasha umubiri gukira no kwirinda gucika amazi uko virusi yaba ari yo yose.

Ese Ese ivurwa ite?

Nta muti udasanzwe wo kurwanya virusi kuri Ese, bityo ubuvuzi bugamije gufasha umubiri wawe gukira mu gihe uhangana n'ibimenyetso kandi ukirinda ibibazo. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi busanzwe bukoreshwa bugira akamaro cyane.

Ipfundo ry'ubuvuzi ni ukugumana amazi ahagije:

• Kunywesha amazi meza, amasupu meza, cyangwa amazi afite umunyu
• Kunywesha utudodo duto, kenshi aho kunywa menshi rimwe
• Gukoresha amazi asukura umubiri niba utakaza amazi menshi
• Kwima amata, kafe, inzoga, n'ibinyobwa byinshi by'isukari mu ntangiriro

Niba uruka kenshi, reka igifu cyawe kuruhuka amasaha make, hanyuma utangire buhoro buhoro kunywa amazi meza. Ubukonje cyangwa ibinyobwa by'umunyu bishobora kuba byoroshye kurushaho.

Guhindura imirire mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye (amatunda, umuceri, umutobe w'imbuto, umugati) iyo ushobora kurya
• Ongeraho bisiketi, amasupu y'inkoko, cyangwa ibirayi bitetse iyo ubaye mwiza
• Kwima ibiryo bifite amavuta menshi, ibirungo, cyangwa ifiberi nyinshi kugeza ubwo ubaye mwiza
• Buhoro buhoro usubire ku mirire yawe isanzwe mu minsi mike

Uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso:

• Kuruhukira no gusinzira kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe buhangane n'ubwandu
• Gukoresha imiti igabanya umuriro nk'acetaminophen kugira ngo wihanganire
• Kwima imiti igabanya impiswi keretse muganga akubwiye, kuko ishobora gutuma ubwandu bukamara igihe kirekire

Antibiyotike ntizifasha kurwanya ubwandu bwa virusi kandi ntigikwiye gukoreshwa kuri Ese keretse hari ubwo ubwandu bw'ibinyabuzima bwabayeho.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite Ese?

Kwita ku rugo ni bwo buvuzi bw'ibanze kuri Ese nyinshi. Ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye, ushobora guhangana n'ibimenyetso neza kandi ugashyigikira uburyo umubiri wawe ukora kugira ngo ukire.

Ingamba zo kubona amazi ahagije zikora:

• Nywa utudodo duto buri minota 15-20 aho kunywa menshi rimwe
• Gerageza amazi asanzwe cyangwa akeye gato, kuko amazi akonje cyane ashobora gutera isesemi
• Tekereza ku mazi asukura umubiri uboneka muri farumasi, asubiza umubiri umunyu wabuze
• Tegura amazi asukura umubiri mu rugo uvanga ikiyiko kimwe cy'umunyu n'ibiyiko bine by'isukari muri litiro imwe y'amazi
• Menya ubukonje niba kugumana ibinyobwa bigoye

Kora isuzuma ry'amazi yawe ugenzura ibara ry'inkari – zigomba kuba zijimye. Inkari z'umuhondo cyangwa umutuku zigaragaza ko ukeneye amazi menshi.

Kurema ahantu heza ho gukira:

• Ruhukira ahantu hatuje, heza, hafi y'ubwiherero
• Shira isafuriya hafi niba ugiye kuruka
• Koresha ubushyuhe buke ku gifu
• Mbere imyenda yoroshye
• Komeza ahantu uba utuje

Igihe cyo guhindura uburyo bwawe:

• Niba uruka bikomeza mu gihe kirekire kirenze amasaha 24, hamagara muganga
• Gerageza ubwoko butandukanye bw'amazi meza niba bumwe butakora
• Tekereza gushaka ubuvuzi niba uburyo bwo mu rugo budafasha nyuma y'iminsi 2-3

Wibuke ko gukira bisaba igihe, kandi kwihuta bishobora gutuma indwara ikomeza. Reka umubiri wawe kuruhuka kugira ngo ukire neza.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ukeneye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese, kwitegura bishobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi nta kintu cy'ingenzi kirengagizwa mu gihe cyo kubonana.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika:

• Igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n'uko byahindutse
• Ibimenyetso byose wahuye na byo, nubwo bisa nkaho bidafite aho bihuriye
• Ibyo uheruka kurya mu minsi mike ishize, cyane cyane ibiryo byo mu maresitora cyangwa ibiryo bidasanzwe
• Niba hari undi muntu mu rugo rwawe cyangwa aho ukora warwaye
• Amazi wanyoye
• Imiti yose wafashe, harimo n'imiti yo mu rugo

Ibibazo byo kubaza muganga:

• Ese ibimenyetso bigomba kumara igihe kingana iki?
• Ese ni ibihe bimenyetso bigomba gutuma nsaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa?
• Ese ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi cyangwa mu mirimo yanjye?
• Ese nshobora kwirinda gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara mu muryango wanjye?
• Ese hari ibibazo by'ubuzima nagomba kwitondera?
• Ese ni ryari nakurikirana niba ibimenyetso bitakira?

Zana urutonde rw'imiti ukoresha n'ibibazo by'ubuzima ufite. Niba wari ukurikira amazi unywa cyangwa ibimenyetso, zana izo nyandiko.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti niba wumva ubona nabi cyane, kuko bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kugufasha mu ngendo.

Icy'ingenzi kuri Ese ni iki?

Ese ni indwara isanzwe cyane, nubwo idashimishije, ariko ubusanzwe iba yoroheje kandi ikagenda yikira. Abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza bashobora kwitega gukira mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru bafashe amahirwe yo kuruhuka no kunywa amazi ahagije.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kwirinda binyuze mu isuku ari byo birinda cyane. Kwoza intoki kenshi, kwirinda ibiryo n'amazi byanduye, no kwirinda abantu barwaye bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

Niba urwaye, shyira imbaraga mu kunywa amazi ahagije no kuruhuka. Umubiri wawe ubasha cyane kurwanya izo virusi wenyine. Menya igihe ukeneye ubuvuzi bw'abaganga – cyane cyane niba udashobora kunywa amazi cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi.

Nubwo bidahimbaye kuba warwaye, wibuke ko gufata igihe cyo gukira neza bifasha kwirinda ibibazo kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gukwirakwiza virusi ku bandi. Ufite kwihangana no kwita ku buzima bwawe, uzongera kumva umeze neza vuba.

Ibibazo bisanzwe bibazwa kuri Ese

Q1: Ese ndandura Ese mu gihe kingana iki?

Urandura cyane mu gihe ufite ibimenyetso kandi mu minsi 2-3 nyuma y'aho bikize. Ariko, ushobora gukomeza gukwirakwiza virusi mu maraso yawe mu gihe kigera ku byumweru bibiri cyangwa birekire, na nyuma yo gukira. Niyo mpamvu isuku y'intoki ikomeza kuba ingenzi mu gihe cyo gukira.

Q2: Ese nshobora kwandura Ese incuro nyinshi?

Yego, ushobora kwandura Ese incuro nyinshi kuko virusi zitandukanye zibitera, kandi kurinda imwe ntibikurinda izindi. Nubwo ari virusi imwe, kurinda bishobora kuba bitarahoraho cyangwa bituzuye, nubwo kwandura ukundi kenshi biba byoroheje.

Q3: Ese ni byiza gufata imiti igabanya impiswi?

Ubusanzwe ni byiza kwirinda imiti igabanya impiswi keretse muganga akubwiye. Impiswi ni uburyo umubiri wawe uvanaho virusi, kandi kuyihagarika bishobora gutuma ubwandu bukamara igihe kirekire. Shyira imbaraga mu kunywa amazi ahagije.

Q4: Ese ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri?

Tegereza kugeza ubwo ibimenyetso byashize mu gihe cy'amasaha 24-48 mbere yo gusubira ku kazi, ku ishuri, cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ko utakiri kwanduza kandi ufite imbaraga zo gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe udatinya kongera kurwara.

Q5: Ese nakwirinda amata mu gihe cyo gukira?

Yego, ni byiza kwirinda amata by'agateganyo mu gihe cyo kurwara Ese. Ubwandu bushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwawe bwo gusya lactose, bituma amata agorana kuyasya. Urashobora kubisubiramo buhoro buhoro iyo ubaye mwiza.