Ibyorezo bya Virusi bikurura Ukuva amaraso: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni indwara zikomeye ziterwa na virusi zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'amaraso yawe bwo gukomera. Nubwo ibi bintu bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibyo ari byo n'uburyo byitwarwa bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite amakuru ahagije kandi witeguye.

Izi ndwara zisangiye ibintu bimwe na bimwe - ubusanzwe ziterwa na firive kandi zishobora gutera ibibazo byo kuva amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyorezo byinshi bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso bitora cyane mu bice byinshi by'isi, kandi hari ubuvuzi n'ingamba zo kwirinda zikora ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe.

Ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni iki?

Ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni indwara ziterwa na virusi zisigaza imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe kandi zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso yawe yo gukomera. Ibi bivuze ko amaraso yawe ashobora kutakomera uko bikwiye, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera kuva amaraso imbere cyangwa hanze y'umubiri wawe.

Izi virusi zigize imiryango ine y'ingenzi: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, na Flaviviridae. Buri muryango ugizwe na virusi zitandukanye ziterwa n'ibimenyetso bisa ariko zishobora gukwirakwira mu nzira zitandukanye. Bimwe mu byamamare birimo Ebola, Marburg, umuriro wa Lassa, n'umuriro wa dengue ukurura kuva amaraso.

Ijambo "kuva amaraso" risobanura kuva amaraso, nubwo abantu bose bafite izi ndwara batazavamo kuva amaraso bikomeye. Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso bidakomeye bishobora kuvurwa neza n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibimenyetso by'ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunze kumera nk'izindi ndwara zisanzwe, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma izi ndwara bigoye kubimenya mu ntangiriro. Ubusanzwe umubiri wawe ugaragaza ibimenyetso by'indwara mbere y'uko ibibazo byo kuva amaraso bigaragara.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bisanzwe birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi uza imbere
• Umunaniro ukabije n'intege nke
• Kubabara imikaya n'amagufa
• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Impiswi

Uko indwara ikomeza, ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kuza. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kuva amaraso munsi y'uruhu (bigaragara nk'ibice bito by'umutuku cyangwa ibikomere), kuva amaraso mu mazuru, kuva amaraso mu menyo, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu ntege.

Bamwe bashobora kugira n'izunguzungu, gucika intekere, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Mu bihe bitoroshye, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mpyiko, umwijima, cyangwa izindi ngingo. Ibuka ko ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe na virusi yihariye itera indwara yawe.

Uduce tw'ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ibihe?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso, buri bwoko bukorwa na virusi yihariye. Gusobanukirwa ibice by'ingenzi bishobora kugufasha kumenya uburyo izi ndwara zifitanye isano ariko zikaba zitandukanye.

Umuryango wa Filovirus ugizwe na virusi za Ebola na Marburg, zigeze kuvugwa cyane mu itangazamakuru. Izi virusi ubusanzwe zikwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'amazi y'umubiri yanduye kandi zikunze kugaragara mu duce tumwe na tumwe twa Afurika.

Indwara za Arenavirus zirimo umuriro wa Lassa, uboneka cyane muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, n'izindi ndwara nyinshi zo kuva amaraso muri Amerika y'Epfo. Izi virusi zikunze gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'imbeba zanduye cyangwa imyanda yazo.

Umuryango wa Bunyavirus ugizwe n'umuriro wa Rift Valley, umuriro wa Crimean-Congo ukurura kuva amaraso, na hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Nyinshi muri zo zikwirakwira binyuze mu kurumwa n'udusimba cyangwa imibu, nubwo zimwe zishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'inyamaswa zanduye.

Indwara za Flavivirus zirimo umuriro wa dengue ukurura kuva amaraso n'umuriro wa yellow, zikwirakwira cyane n'imibu. Izi ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu turere dukennye n'ubushyuhe mu bice byinshi by'isi.

Ibitera ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ibihe?

Izi ndwara ziterwa na virusi yihariye yateye imbere kugira ngo ibaho mu midugudu itandukanye kandi ikwirakwira mu nzira zitandukanye. Buri virusi ifite uburyo bwayo bwo kuva ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi.

Virusi nyinshi muri izi virusi zisanzwe ziba mu nyamaswa nk'imbeba, bats, cyangwa ingagi. Ushobora kwandura iyo uhuye n'izi nyamaswa cyangwa amazi y'umubiri wazo, uko ari ko kose, cyangwa binyuze mu bintu byanduye.

Ibyorezo bimwe bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso bikwirakwira binyuze mu kurumwa n'udusimba. Imibu, udusimba, n'utundi dusimba bishobora gufata virusi iyo biruma inyamaswa yanduye, hanyuma bikayinyuza ku bantu binyuze mu kuruma bikurikiyeho.

Kwandura kuva ku muntu umwe ku wundi bishobora kubaho mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe, cyane cyane binyuze mu guhura n'amaraso cyangwa amazi y'umubiri y'umuntu wanduye. Niyo mpamvu abakozi bo mu buvuzi n'abantu bo mu muryango bahanganye n'abarwayi bakeneye ingamba zidasanzwe zo kwirinda.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, virusi zimwe zishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhumeka umukungugu cyangwa ibice byanduye, cyane cyane mu turere aho imbeba zanduye zasize imyanda cyangwa inkari.

Ugomba kubona muganga ryari kubera ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite umuriro mwinshi hamwe n'ibindi bimenyetso bishishikaje, cyane cyane niba uherutse kujya mu turere aho izi ndwara zikunze kugaragara. Ubuvuzi bwa muganga bwa hakiri kare bushobora kugira uruhare runini mu mpinduka z'ubuzima bwawe.

Hamagara muganga ako kanya niba ufite umuriro utunguranye ufite ububabare bukabije bw'umutwe, ububabare bw'imikaya, n'umunaniro, cyane cyane niba wahuye n'umuntu ufite indwara yemewe cyangwa niba wari mu turere hariho ibyorezo bizwi.

Igisobanuro icyo aricyo cyose cyo kuva amaraso - nko kuva amaraso mu mazuru, kuva amaraso mu menyo, ibikomere bidasanzwe, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu ntege - bisaba ko ubaza muganga ako kanya. Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo.

Niba ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kuruka kudasiba, gucika intekere, cyangwa guzunguzungu hamwe n'umuriro, ibyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ingaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw'ibanze.

Ibyago byo kwandura ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ibihe?

Ibyago byo kwandura izi ndwara biterwa ahanini n'aho uba, aho ukora, cyangwa aho ujya, kimwe n'ibikorwa byawe n'ibyo uhura na byo. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Aho uba ku isi ni ingenzi cyane mu byago byawe. Kuba mu turere cyangwa kujya mu turere aho izi virusi ziboneka bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura. Ibi birimo ibice bya Afurika, Amerika y'Epfo, n'uturere tumwe na tumwe twa Aziya.

Ibyago byo mu kazi bigira ingaruka ku matsinda amwe kurusha ayandi:

• Abakozi bo mu buvuzi bahanganye n'abarwayi banduye
• Abakozi ba laboratwari bafite ibipimo byanduye
• Abahinzi mu turere twanduye
• Abantu bakora ku nyamaswa mu turere twanduye
• Abasirikare boherejwe mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi

Ibikorwa byongera guhura n'inyamaswa zishobora kwandura cyangwa ibinyamanswa bindi byongera ibyago byawe. Ibi birimo kujya mu birindiro, kujya mu birunga, cyangwa guhiga mu turere aho inyamaswa zanduye ziba, cyangwa kuba mu mazu aho imbeba zishobora kuba.

Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke buterwa n'izindi ndwara cyangwa imiti bishobora gutuma ugira uburwayi bukomeye niba wanduye. Imyaka ishobora kandi kuba ikintu, abana bato cyane n'abakuze rimwe na rimwe bahura n'ibyago byinshi by'ingaruka.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira izi ndwara bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye, ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuza, cyane cyane hadafashwe ubuvuzi bw'ibanze. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe ubuvuzi bw'ibanze bukenewe.

Ingaruka zikomeye zikubiyemo amaraso n'imikorere y'amaraso. Kuva amaraso bikomeye bishobora kuba imbere cyangwa hanze, bigatera igihombo cy'amaraso kibi. Umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe ushobora kugabanuka cyane, bigatuma bigoye ko ingingo zawe zibona ogisijeni n'ibiribwa bihagije.

Ingaruka ku ngingo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere myinshi y'umubiri:

• Gucika intege kw'impyiko, bishobora gusaba kuvurwa by'igihe gito
• Kwibasira umwijima, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gutunganya uburozi
• Ibibazo by'umutima, harimo n'umuvuduko utari mwiza
• Ingaruka ku mpyiko, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana
• Kubyimbagira ubwonko, bishobora gutera gucika intekere cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge

Indwara zindi zishobora kuza iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanutse bitewe n'indwara ya virusi y'ibanze. Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora kuba mu mpyiko, amaraso, cyangwa izindi ngingo.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukira indwara ikomeye. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ububabare bw'amagufa, ibibazo by'amaso, cyangwa umunaniro udasiba. Ariko rero, abantu benshi barakira neza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubuvuzi bwo kubafasha.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ubuhe?

Ingamba zo kwirinda zibanda ku kwirinda guhura na virusi ziterwa n'izi ndwara. Ingamba zihariye zo kwirinda ziterwa n'uburyo buri virusi ikwirakwira, ariko hari amahame rusange ashobora kukurinda.

Niba ujya mu turere aho izi ndwara ziba, fata ingamba zo kwirinda kurumwa n'udusimba. Koresha imiti yo kwirinda udusimba irimo DEET, wambare imyenda miremire n'ipantaro miremire, kandi urahe mu bitanda byo kuryamaho iyo bibaye ngombwa.

Irinde guhura n'imbeba n'aho ziba. Komereza ahantu uba hatunganyije, ubike ibiryo mu bikoresho bifunze, kandi ukureho ahantu imbeba zishobora kuba. Niba ugomba gusukura ahantu imbeba zabaga, wambare utwenda n'udupfukamunwa, kandi ufungure neza aho hantu.

Kora isuku nziza kandi wirinda guhura n'inyamaswa cyangwa abantu barwaye. Koga intoki kenshi n'amazi n'isabune, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhura n'inyamaswa cyangwa ibintu byanduye.

Kubera ibyorezo bimwe bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso, inkingo zirahari. Urukingo rwa yellow fever rugira akamaro kanini kandi rusabwa kujya mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Niba ujya mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi, shaka inama ku muganga w'inzobere mu buvuzi bw'abajya mu mahanga kugira ngo amenye inkingo zikwiye.

Abakozi bo mu buvuzi n'abakozi ba laboratwari bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo kwirinda kwandura, harimo gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwirinda iyo bahanganye n'abarwayi cyangwa bafite ibipimo.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bugamije gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara, gucunga ibimenyetso, no kwirinda ingaruka. Nubwo nta buvuzi bwihariye bwa virusi buhari ku ndwara nyinshi muri izi ndwara, ubuvuzi bwo kubafasha bushobora kugira akamaro cyane.

Ishingiro ry'ubuvuzi ririmo kugumisha umubiri wawe uhagaze neza no kugumisha umuvuduko w'amaraso. Ushobora guhabwa amazi mu mitsi kugira ngo wirinde kukama no guhabwa imiti yo gufasha umuvuduko w'amaraso niba bibaye ngombwa.

Niba ibibazo byo kuva amaraso bigaragara, itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora gutanga ubuvuzi bwo gufasha amaraso yawe gukomera neza. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ibintu by'amaraso nk'ibipande by'amaraso cyangwa ibintu bikomera, bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye.

Kubera ibyorezo bimwe bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso, ubuvuzi buhari. Ribavirin, imiti yo kurwanya virusi, ishobora kugira akamaro ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe nk'umuriro wa Lassa n'ibindi. Kubera Ebola, ubuvuzi bushya nk'antikorps za monoclonal byagaragaje icyizere.

Guhangana n'ingaruka bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye buhuye n'ibyo ukeneye. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kuvurwa kw'impyiko kubera ibibazo by'impyiko, gufasha guhumeka kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa imiti yo kugenzura gutakaza ubwenge niba bibaye.

Guhangana n'ububabare n'umuriro bigufasha kumva wishimye mugihe ukomeza gukira. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakora imiti ikwiye ku buzima bwawe kandi itazagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso yawe yo gukomera.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso mu rugo mugihe ufite ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni ubuhe?

Kwita mu rugo ntibikwiye ku byorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso byemejwe, kuko izi ndwara zisaba ubugenzuzi bw'ibitaro n'ubuvuzi bwihariye. Ariko rero, niba utegereje ko ubaza muganga cyangwa ubaye umenyerewe ko ugenzurwa mu rugo, ingamba zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugufasha.

Ikiruhuko ni ingenzi mu gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara. Rema mu buriri kandi wirinde imirimo ikomeye ishobora kongera uburwayi bwawe cyangwa kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Komeza amazi menshi mu mubiri binyuze mu kunywa amazi menshi, ariko wirinde inzoga n'imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukomera kw'amaraso keretse byemejwe n'umuganga wawe. Amazi, amasupu meza, n'ibinyobwa by'amashu bishobora gufasha gusubiza amazi yatakaye bitewe n'umuriro no kuruka.

Komeza ugenzure ibimenyetso byawe witonze kandi uhamagare abaganga ako kanya niba ubona ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso, ikibazo cyo guhumeka, gucika intekere, cyangwa ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza kuba bibi.

Kurengera abandi binyuze mu gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda kwandura nk'uko itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ribitegetse. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kuguma mu cyumba gitandukanye, gukoresha ubwiherero butandukanye iyo bishoboka, no kwirinda guhura hafi n'abantu bo mu muryango.

Ntugerageze kuvura izi ndwara n'imiti yo mu rugo cyangwa utinde gushaka ubuvuzi bw'abaganga. Ingamba zo gufasha zavuzwe hano ni inzira z'igihe gito zo kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye, si amahitamo yabwo.

Ugomba gutegura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kugira amakuru ahagije yo gusuzuma uburwayi bwawe neza. Gutegura neza bishobora gutuma hamenyekana indwara neza kandi uhabwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Kora urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe buri kimenyetso cyatangiye n'uburyo cyahindutse uko iminsi igenda. Andika ubushyuhe bwawe niba wari ubugenzura, kandi usobanure uburemere bw'ibimenyetso nko kubabara umutwe cyangwa ububabare bw'imikaya.

Kora urutonde rw'aho ujya n'aho uhura n'ibintu. Harimo ahantu hose wagiye mu kwezi gushize, amatariki yo kujya, ibikorwa wakoze, n'ibyo wahuye n'inyamaswa cyangwa udusimba. Nanone uvuge ibyo wahuye n'abantu barwaye.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka, imiti y'inyongera, n'inkingo za vuba. Harimo amakuru yerekeye allergie cyangwa ingaruka mbi z'imiti.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo ibibazo ku byago byo kwandura mu muryango, igihe cyo gukira, cyangwa ingamba wihariye ugomba gufata.

Niba bishoboka, zana inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wakwizera uzagufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy'uruzinduko kandi akaguha inkunga mu gihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku byorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni iki?

Ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ni indwara zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw'ibanze, ariko kandi bitora cyane mu bice byinshi by'isi. Gusobanukirwa ibintu by'ibanze kuri izi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kwirinda.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kuzirikana ni uko ubuvuzi bwa muganga bwa hakiri kare bushobora kugira uruhare runini mu mpinduka z'ubuzima. Niba ufite umuriro n'ibindi bimenyetso bishishikaje, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu rugendo cyangwa guhura n'ibintu, ntutinye guhamagara abaganga.

Kwiringira bikomeza kuba uburinzi bwawe bwiza kurinda izi ndwara. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'ubuzima mu rugendo, kwirinda guhura n'inyamaswa zishobora kwandura, no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda kurumwa n'udusimba bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe.

Nubwo izi ndwara zishobora gutera ubwoba, ibuka ko abantu benshi barakira bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ububiko bw'ubuvuzi mu bice byinshi by'isi buteguye neza guhangana n'izi ndwara iyo zibaho.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho ku byorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso

Ese ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso bishobora gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe ku wundi?

Ibyorezo bimwe bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso bishobora gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe ku wundi, ariko ibindi ntibishoboka. Virusi za Ebola na Marburg zishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhura n'amazi y'umubiri yanduye, mu gihe ubwoko bw'imibu nk'umuriro wa dengue ukurura kuva amaraso ubusanzwe ntibukwiriye gukwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe ku wundi. Uburyo bwo kwandura biterwa na virusi yihariye.

Ese ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso bihora bica?

Oya, ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso ntibihora bica. Igipimo cyo gukira gitandukana cyane bitewe na virusi yihariye, uburyo ubuvuzi butangira vuba, n'ubuzima bw'ubuvuzi buhari. Abantu benshi barakira neza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye bwo kubafasha, nubwo ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bufite igipimo cyo gupfa kiri hejuru kurusha ibindi.

Biramba gute gukira ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana bitewe na virusi yihariye n'uburemere bw'uburwayi bwawe. Bamwe bashobora gutangira kumva bameze neza mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo bakire neza. Gukira neza bishobora gutinda niba hari ingaruka zabaye mu gihe cy'uburwayi bukomeye.

Ese nkeneye inkingo zidasanzwe mbere yo kujya mu turere hari ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso?

Urukingo rwa yellow fever ruhari kandi rugira akamaro cyane mu kwirinda iyo ndwara yihariye. Kubera ibindi byorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso, inkingo zihariye zishobora kuba zidafite akamaro ku bantu bose. Shaka inama ku muganga w'inzobere mu buvuzi bw'abajya mu mahanga uzakugira inama ku ngamba zikwiye zo kwirinda bitewe n'aho ujya n'ibikorwa byawe.

Ese nashobora kwandura ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso inshuro nyinshi?

Bishoboka kwandura ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyorezo bya virusi bikurura kuva amaraso mu bihe bitandukanye kuko biterwa na virusi zitandukanye. Ariko rero, niba wakize indwara iterwa na virusi yihariye, ubusanzwe ugira ubudahangarwa kuri iyo virusi kandi ntushobora kongera kuyandura.