Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwa Wet macular degeneration ni uburwayi bukomeye bw’amaso aho imiyoboro y’amaraso idasanzwe ikura munsi y’umunyuramyaka wawe maze ikavuza amazi cyangwa amaraso. Ibi bibaho mu gice cya macula, igice gito cy’umunyuramyaka gifasha kubona neza, ibyanditse, n’imiterere y’abantu.

Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bugera ku bantu 10-15% bafite uburwayi bwa macular degeneration. Inkuru nziza ni uko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa ubu buriho bishobora kugabanya cyane iterambere ryabwo kandi bikagufasha kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona.

Ni iki Wet Macular Degeneration?

Uburwayi bwa Wet macular degeneration buva aho ijisho ryawe rikora imiyoboro mishya y’amaraso idakomeye munsi ya macula mu buryo bita choroidal neovascularization. Iyi miyoboro isa nkaho ari imiyoboro y’amazi yavunitse kandi itavugwaho rumwe.

Bitandukanye n’uburwayi bwa dry macular degeneration, buzamuka buhoro mu myaka myinshi, uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bushobora gutera impinduka zikomeye mu kubona mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike. Amazi n’amaraso bisohotse birangiza uturemangingo twumva umucyo muri macula, bigatuma habaho ibice by’ubupfu cyangwa kubona nabi mu gice cyawe gikuru cyo kubona.

Ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona ibintu biri ku ruhande busanzwe bugumaho muri ubu burwayi. Ibi bivuze ko uracyashobora kugenda mu rugo rwawe no kuguma ufite ubwigenge, nubwo ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona ibintu biri imbere bugenda bugabanuka.

Ibimenyetso by’Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bikunze kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bishobora kugaragara cyane. Ushobora kubona ko umurongo utambitse usa n’uwakomye cyangwa uhindagurika, nk’aho ureba mu mazi.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ugomba kwitondera:

• Imirongo itambitse igaragara nk’iyakomye, iyinyereye, cyangwa ihinduka
• Ibice by’umwijima cyangwa ibibanza by’ubupfu mu kubona kwawe kw’imbere
• Kubona nabi cyangwa kubona nabi ibintu biri imbere
• Ibara rigaragara ritari ryiza cyangwa ritari ryoroshye
• Kugira ikibazo cyo gusoma cyangwa kubona amakuru mato
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kumenya imiterere y’abantu
• Kugira ibyo ukeneye umucyo mwinshi iyo usoma

Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kubura kubona mu jisho rimwe cyangwa kubona amatara adasanzwe. Ibi bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba, kuko bishobora kugaragaza amaraso cyangwa amazi menshi.

Intandaro y’Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration ni iyihe?

Uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration buva aho ijisho ryawe rikora protein nyinshi yitwa VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Tekereza kuri VEGF nk’ikimenyetso kibwira umubiri wawe gukura imiyoboro mishya y’amaraso.

Mu jisho rikozwe neza, uyu mukino ugumana umutekano. Ariko, iyo macula yangiritse cyangwa ikaremererwa, isohora VEGF nyinshi nk’uburyo bubi bwo kwifasha. Ikibabaje ni uko iyi miyoboro mishya y’amaraso idakozwe neza kandi isohora amazi byoroshye.

Urugero rwinshi rw’uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration rutangira nk’uburwayi bwa dry macular degeneration. Abantu bagera kuri 10-15% bafite uburwayi bwa dry AMD baza kugira uburwayi bwa wet. Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi mpinduka ntiyumvikana neza, ariko birashoboka ko birimo ibintu by’umutungo w’ababyeyi n’ibyangiritse by’ibidukikije mu gihe kinini.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration?

Ukwiye kuvugana n’umuganga w’amaso ako kanya iyo ubonye impinduka zidasanzwe mu kubona kwawe kw’imbere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane niba umurongo utambitse utangira kugaragara nk’uwakomye cyangwa niba ugira ibice by’ubupfu.

Fata nk’ibintu byihutirwa niba ubona kubura kubona mu buryo butunguranye, ukwiyongera kw’uburyo bukomeye bwo kubona nabi, cyangwa niba ubona amatara adasanzwe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza amaraso cyangwa amazi menshi asaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ndetse n’impinduka buhoro buhoro zigomba kwitabwaho mu minsi mike aho kuba mu byumweru. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare bushobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona no gukumira ibindi byangirika.

Ibyago byo Kurwara Wet Macular Degeneration ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration. Kubyumva bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda aho bishoboka.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Imyaka irenga 60 (ibyago byiyongera cyane nyuma y’imyaka 75)
• Kuba ufite uburwayi bwa dry macular degeneration
• Amateka y’uburwayi bwa macular degeneration mu muryango
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa kuba waranywe itabi
• Kuba umuzungu (nubwo abandi bantu bo mu bwoko butandukanye bashobora kubirwara)
• Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
• Uburwayi bw’umutima
• Ilipide nyinshi mu maraso
• Umurire
• Kuguma mu zuba igihe kirekire utifashishije ibicupa byo kurinda amaso

Ibindi bintu bike byongera ibyago birimo ibindi bintu by’umutungo w’ababyeyi n’uko uri umugore. Nubwo udashobora guhindura imyaka yawe, umutungo w’ababyeyi, cyangwa igitsina cyawe, ushobora guhindura imibereho yawe nko kureka kunywa itabi, indyo, no kurinda amaso yawe izuba.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration ni izihe?

Utabonye ubuvuzi, uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bushobora gutera kubura kubona mu gice gikuru mu mezi make cyangwa ndetse no mu byumweru bike. Ikibazo cya mbere ni ukwangirika kw’igice cya macula giterwa no gukomeza gusohoka kw’amazi.

Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Kubura kubona cyane mu gice gikuru cyangwa ubuhumyi
• Gukura kw’umunyakazi munsi ya macula
• Kuva kw’amaraso munsi y’umunyuramyaka
• Kuvunika kw’umunyuramyaka mu bihe bidasanzwe
• Gukura kw’imigambi ya choroidal neovascular
• Geographic atrophy (ibice by’umunyuramyaka wapfuye)

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe ntizikwiye kwirengagizwa. Abantu benshi bagira imihangayiko, agahinda, cyangwa ubwoba bwo kubura ubwigenge. Ariko, ubuvuzi bugezweho, ibintu byose birareba kurusha uko byari byifashe mu myaka icumi ishize.

Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration bumenyekana gute?

Umuganga wawe w’amaso azakoresha ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo amenye uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration kandi amenye uko bwakomeye. Uyu mukino ubusanzwe utangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’amaso rirambuye n’ibisobanuro byawe ku bimenyetso.

Igikoresho cy’ingenzi ni Amsler grid, ikarita yoroshye ifite umurongo utambitse ifasha kumenya kubona nabi. Umuganga wawe azongera akagura abanyuramyaka bawe kugira ngo asuzume inyuma y’ijisho ryawe akoresheje ibikoresho byihariye.

Ibizamini birambuye birimo fluorescein angiography, aho umunyu ushyirwa mu kuboko kwawe kugira ngo ugaragaze imiyoboro y’amaraso mu jisho ryawe. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) ikora amashusho arambuye y’umunyuramyaka wawe, igaragaza amazi menshi n’uburemere bw’umubiri neza.

Ibi bizamini bifasha umuganga wawe kumenya aho imiyoboro y’amaraso idasanzwe iri n’uko ikomeye, bigatuma afata ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi. Uyu mukino wose wo gusuzuma ubusanzwe uramara isaha imwe kandi uba woroshye.

Ubuvuzi bw’Uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru bw’uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration burimo inshinge za anti-VEGF zishyirwa mu jisho ryawe. Aya miti igabanya protein itera gukura kw’imiyoboro y’amaraso idasanzwe no gusohoka kw’amazi.

Imiti ya anti-VEGF ikunze gukoreshwa irimo ranibizumab (Lucentis), aflibercept (Eylea), na brolucizumab (Beovu). Umuganga wawe azashyira iyi miti mu jisho ryawe akoresheje umunyu muto cyane nyuma yo kubyimba agace akoresheje amazi.

Ubuvuzi ubusanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe inshinge buri kwezi mu mezi ya mbere, hanyuma umubare ushobora kugabanuka bitewe n’uko ubaye.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umuganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka photodynamic therapy, ikoresha imiti ikora mu mucyo kugira ngo ifunge imiyoboro y’amaraso idasanzwe. Ubuvuzi bwo gukoresha lazer bukoreshwa gake muri iki gihe ariko bushobora gukwiriye mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Uko wakwitaho mu rugo mugihe uvurwa uburwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration

Kwita ku buzima bw’amaso yawe mu rugo bishobora gufasha ubuvuzi bwawe kandi bikagabanya iterambere ryabwo. Ibaze kurinda amaso yawe no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ibiryo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw’amaso. Tekereza gufata vitamine za AREDS2, zirimo vitamine C na E, zinc, copper, lutein, na zeaxanthin. Izi vitamine byagaragaye ko zigabanya iterambere ry’uburwayi mu bantu bamwe bafite uburwayi bwa macular degeneration.

Funga imboga z’icyatsi nka spinach na kale, zirimo lutein na zeaxanthin. Omega-3 fatty acids iva mu mafi ishobora kandi gufasha ubuzima bw’umunyuramyaka. Niba unywa itabi, kureka ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi ushobora gukora.

Rinda amaso yawe izuba ukoresheje ibicupa byiza byo kurinda amaso iyo uri hanze. Koresha umucyo mwiza iyo usoma, kandi tekereza gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubona neza cyangwa ibitabo binini kugira ngo ugabanye umunaniro w’amaso.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitoza gusura muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe na muganga kandi bikaguha amakuru yose ukeneye. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufata, harimo n’imiti yo kuvura. Amateka yawe y’ubuzima, cyane cyane amateka y’uburwayi bw’amaso mu muryango, azaba afasha muganga wawe kumenya.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga. Nyuma yo kubona neza, ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona bushobora kuba buke amasaha menshi, bityo uzakenera umuntu uzakuzana mu rugo.

Tegura ibibazo ku bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, icyo witeze ku nshinge, n’umubare w’inshuro uzakenera gusura muganga. Ntugatinye kubabaza ku bijyanye n’ubufasha bwa finance niba ibiciro ari ikibazo.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya ku Burwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration

Uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration ni uburwayi bukomeye, ariko si uburwayi butagira icyo bukora nk’uko byahoze. Ufashijwe ubuvuzi bwihuse, abantu benshi bashobora kubungabunga ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubona kandi bamwe bagira n’iterambere.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko igihe ari ingenzi. Ubuvuzi butangira vuba, amahirwe yawe yo kubungabunga ubushobozi bwo kubona arahamye. Isuzuma ry’amaso buri gihe no gukurikirana impinduka zose mu kubona kwawe bishobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibereho yawe.

Nubwo kubaho ufite uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bisaba impinduka, abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho neza, bafite ubwigenge. Ibikoresho byo kubona neza, amatsinda y’abantu bafite ubu burwayi, n’ibikorwa byo kuvugurura ubuzima bishobora kugufasha kwihanganira no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Ku Burwayi bwa Wet Macular Degeneration

Q1: Nzagira ubuhumyi bwuzuye kubera uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration?

Ubuhumyi bwuzuye ni gake mu burwayi bwa wet macular degeneration. Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ahanini ku kubona kwawe kw’imbere, mu gihe ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona ibintu biri ku ruhande busanzwe bugumaho. Ibi bivuze ko uracyashobora kugenda mu karere kawe, nubwo imirimo isaba kubona neza ibintu biri imbere nko gusoma bishobora kugorana. Ufashijwe ubuvuzi bugezweho, abantu benshi babungabunga ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubona imyaka myinshi.

Q2: Inyonga zo mu jisho zo kuvura zaba zibabaza gute?

Abantu benshi basanga inshinge zibabaza cyane kurusha uko babyiteze. Umuganga wawe azabyimba ijisho ryawe akoresheje amazi mbere, bityo ubusanzwe wumva gusa igitutu aho kuba ububabare. Inyonga ubwayo iramara amasegonda make. Bamwe bagira ububabare buke cyangwa kumva nk’aho hari umucanga mu jisho mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma, ariko ingaruka zikomeye ni gake.

Q3: Uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bushobora gukira?

Kuri ubu nta muti w’uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration, ariko ubuvuzi bushobora gucunga neza ubu burwayi mu bihe byinshi. Inyonga za anti-VEGF zishobora guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya kubura kubona kandi rimwe na rimwe zigatuma kubona neza. Intego ni ugucunga ubu burwayi nk’uburwayi buhoraho aho kubuvura burundu. Ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bushya bukomeza kwerekana amahirwe.

Q4: Ubu burwayi buzagira ingaruka ku maso yanjye yombi?

Uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration bukunze kubanza kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe, ariko hari ibyago byiyongera byo kuza mu jisho rya kabiri mu gihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 12-15% bagira uburwayi bwa wet AMD mu jisho rya kabiri mu mwaka umwe, kandi ibyago bikomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kirekire. Gusuzuma amaso yombi buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare kandi hafatwe ingamba.

Q5: Ndashobora kugendera imodoka mfite uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration?

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imodoka biterwa n’uburemere bw’uburakari bwawe bwo kubona n’ijisho ryagize ingaruka. Abantu benshi bafite uburwayi bwa wet macular degeneration mu ntangiriro bashobora gukomeza gutwara imodoka, cyane cyane niba ari jisho rimwe ryagize ingaruka. Ariko, uzakenera gukora ibizamini byo kubona bisabwa na DMV ya leta yawe. Umuganga wawe w’amaso ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma umutekano wawe wo gutwara imodoka no kugutegeka uburyo bwo guhindura imodoka cyangwa ibikoresho niba bibaye ngombwa.