Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'impyiko ikunda kugaragara mu bana, cyane cyane mbere y'imyaka 5. Iyi kanseri ikura mu mitsi ikora impyiko mu gihe umwana akiri mu nda, niyo mpamvu hafi ya hose iboneka mu bana bato cyane.

Nubwo kumva ngo “kanseri y'impyiko” bishobora gutera ubwoba, hari impamvu yo kwiringira. Uburwayi bwa Wilms bufite imwe mu mpinduka nziza mu kuvura kanseri y'abana, aho abana barenga 90% bakomeza kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa. Gusobanukirwa ibyo uhura na byo bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere mu gihe ugendera muri uru rugendo.

Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni iki?

Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni kanseri y'impyiko itangira mu mitsi ikura impyiko mu bana. Yitiriwe Dr. Max Wilms, wabisobanukije bwa mbere mu buryo burambuye hashize imyaka irenga ijana.

Iyi kanseri ibaho iyo imwe mu mitsi y'impyiko igomba kuba yarapfuye mu gihe cy'iterambere isanzwe ikomeza gukura mu buryo budasanzwe. Tekereza nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka byagombaga gukuraho nyuma yo kubaka inzu, ariko ahubwo bikomeza kwinjira ahantu hatari ho. Benshi mu barwayi barwara impyiko imwe gusa, nubwo abana bagera kuri 5-10% barwara impyiko zombi.

Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni bwo bwoko bwa kanseri y'impyiko busanzwe mu bana, bukorera umwana umwe kuri buri 10.000. Ni gake cyane muri rusange, aho hafi abantu 500-600 bashya babimenya buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ibimenyetso by'Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso gisanzwe ni kubyimba cyangwa ikibyimba kitababaje mu nda y'umwana wawe ushobora kubona mu gihe umugaburira cyangwa umwana wawe aryamye. Ababyeyi benshi babivuga nk'ikibyimba gikomeye ku ruhande rumwe rw'inda.

Dore ibimenyetso byo kwitondera, wibuke ko abana benshi bashobora kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Ikibyimba cyangwa kubyimba kitababaje mu nda ushobora kumva
• Amaraso mu mpisho, ashobora kugaragara nk'umutuku, umutuku cyangwa umukara
• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa kudakorwa neza
• Umuhumeko udakomoka ku ndwara
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya cyangwa kumva wuzuye vuba
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Impatwe iterwa n'ikibyimba gitsinda imyanya y'imbere
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru (nubwo ibi bisaba ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi kugira ngo biboneke)

Gake cyane, bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi niba kanseri yamanutse mu mpyiko, cyangwa bakumva barwaye kandi bananiwe. Ibuka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite izindi mpamvu nyinshi zisanzwe, bityo kubona kimwe ntibisobanura ko kanseri ihari.

Impamvu z'Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni izihe?

Uburwayi bwa Wilms buva mu mitsi y'impyiko igomba guhagarika gukura mu iterambere risanzwe ikomeza kwiyongera mu buryo budasanzwe. Impamvu nyamukuru y'iyi nzira ntisobanuwe neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare.

Ibyinshi bibaho ku bw'impanuka nta mpamvu isobanutse. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bana bavukana impinduka z'imiterere y'umubiri bibatera amahirwe yo kurwara iyi kanseri. Ibi bintu by'imiterere y'umubiri bigira uruhare ku kigero cya 10-15% cy'abarwayi.

Dore ibintu bizwi bigira uruhare:

• Impinduka z'imiterere y'umubiri ziba mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'impyiko mu nda
• Indwara zikomoka ku miterere y'umubiri nk'indwara ya WAGR cyangwa indwara ya Beckwith-Wiedemann
• Uburwayi bwo kuvuka bukorera ku myanya myibarukiro cyangwa imiyoboro y'umushitsi
• Amateka y'umuryango w'uburwayi bwa Wilms (nubwo ibi ari gake cyane)
• Zimwe mu ndwara z'imiterere y'umubiri zigira ingaruka ku iterambere risanzwe ry'uturemangingo

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko nta kintu wakoze cyangwa utakoreye mu gihe utwite cyateye iyi kanseri. Uburwayi bwa Wilms ntibuterwa n'ibintu byo mu kirere, indyo, cyangwa imibereho. Ni ikintu giteye agahinda giterwa n'uburyo impyiko z'abana zimwe na zimwe zikura.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Uburwayi bwa Wilms?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga w'umwana wawe vuba niba ubona ikibyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu nda y'umwana wawe bikomeza iminsi irenga mike. Nubwo ibyinshi mu bibyimba byo mu nda by'abana atari kanseri, bihora bikwiye gusuzuma.

Shaka ubuvuzi mu minsi umwe cyangwa ibiri niba umwana wawe afite amaraso mu mpisho, cyane cyane niba bifatanije n'ibindi bimenyetso nkubabara mu nda cyangwa umuriro. Nubwo amaraso mu mpisho ashobora kuba afite impamvu nyinshi mu bana, ni ikintu gikwiye gusuzuma buri gihe n'umukozi w'ubuzima.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba umwana wawe afite ububabare bukabije mu nda, kuruka bidashira, cyangwa asa n'abarwaye cyane. Izera icyizere cyawe nk'umubyeyi - niba hari ikintu kidahagaze neza cyangwa kitandukanye n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe, bihora byemewe gusaba inama y'abaganga.

Ibintu byongera ibyago by'Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe y'umwana wo kurwara uburwayi bwa Wilms, nubwo kugira ibi bintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe azabona kanseri. Abana benshi bafite ibi bintu ntibabona kanseri.

Ibintu byongera ibyago bikomeye ni zimwe mu ndwara zikomoka ku miterere y'umubiri n'uburwayi bwo kuvuka bugira ingaruka ku iterambere risanzwe:

• Indwara ya WAGR (igira ingaruka ku maso, imyanya myibarukiro, no ku iterambere ry'ubwenge)
• Indwara ya Beckwith-Wiedemann (iterwa no gukura kw'ibice by'umubiri)
• Indwara ya Denys-Drash (igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'impyiko no ku iterambere ry'imiterere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina)
• Uburwayi bwo kuvuka bw'imiterere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa imiyoboro y'umushitsi
• Kugira imboro idamanutse
• Amateka y'umuryango w'uburwayi bwa Wilms (nubwo ibi bigira uruhare ku kigero kiri munsi ya 2% cy'abarwayi)

Bimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago bitazwi cyane birimo impinduka zimwe na zimwe z'imiterere y'umubiri no kuvuka ufite imitsi y'impyiko itamenyekanye neza. Abana b'Abanyamerika b'Abirabura bafite ibyago bike kurusha indi miryango, nubwo impamvu yabyo itarasobanuka neza.

Imyaka ni yo yindi mpamvu, aho ibyinshi bibaho hagati y'imyaka 2 na 5. Ni gake cyane mu bana barengeje imyaka 10.

Ingaruka zishoboka z'Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni izihe?

Iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa uko bikwiye, abana benshi barwaye uburwayi bwa Wilms barakira neza nta kibazo cy'igihe kirekire. Ariko kandi, kimwe n'ikibazo cy'ubuzima gikomeye icyo ari cyo cyose, hashobora kubaho ingaruka zijyanye n'ikibyimba ubwayo n'ubuvuzi bwacyo.

Ingaruka zikomoka ku kibyimba zishobora kuba:

• Ikibyimba gikura kigera aho gitsinda imyanya y'imbere
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru ukomoka ku kibyimba cy'impyiko
• Ibibazo by'imikorere y'impyiko niba impyiko zombi zarwaye
• Kumanuka mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane mu mpyiko cyangwa mu mwijima
• Guturika kw'ikibyimba, bishobora kuba mu gihe cyo gusuzuma cyangwa kubaga

Ingaruka zijyanye n'ubuvuzi, nubwo zishobora kuvurwa, zishobora kuba ingaruka zikomoka kuri chimiothérapie nko gutakaza umusatsi by'igihe gito, kongera ibyago by'indwara, cyangwa isesemi. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bushobora gutera uburibwe bw'uruhu cyangwa, gake cyane, kugira ingaruka ku gukura kw'ibice bivuwe. Ibyago byo kubaga birimo ingaruka zisanzwe zo kubaga nk'kuva amaraso cyangwa indwara.

Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ni gake ariko zishobora kuba harimo ibibazo by'umwumvire bikomoka ku miti imwe na imwe ya chimiothérapie cyangwa, gake cyane, iterambere ry'izindi kanseri nyuma y'imyaka myinshi. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakurikirana ibyo bishoboka kandi izatanga ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago.

Uburwayi bwa Wilms bumenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya uburwayi busanzwe bitangira muganga w'abana asuzumye umwana wawe kandi akareba niba hari ikibyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu nda. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe kibonetse, uzoherezwa kwa muganga w'inzobere mu bana kugira ngo akore ibizamini byinshi.

Uburyo bwo kumenya uburwayi busanzwe burimo ibizamini byinshi byo kubona ishusho y'ibirimo. Ultrasound niyo isuzuma ya mbere kuko nta bubabare kandi nta miradiyo ikoreshwa. Ibi bishobora kwerekana niba hari ikibyimba mu mpyiko kandi bigafasha kumenya ubunini n'imiterere yacyo.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bisanzwe birimo:

1. CT scan cyangwa MRI kugira ngo ubone amashusho arambuye y'ikibyimba kandi urebe niba cyamanutse
2. X-ray cyangwa CT scan yo mu kifuba kugira ngo urebe niba cyamanutse mu mpyiko
3. Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo urebe imikorere y'impyiko n'ubuzima muri rusange
4. Ibizamini by'impisho kugira ngo urebe amaraso cyangwa ibindi bintu bidasanzwe
5. Rimwe na rimwe, igice gito cy'umubiri (biopsy) kugira ngo hemezwe uburwayi

Uburyo bwose bwo kumenya uburwayi busanzwe busaba iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru. Mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo bishobora gutera umunaniro, ibuka ko kubona uburwayi neza ari intambwe ya mbere mu gushyiraho gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye ku mwana wawe.

Ubuvuzi bw'Uburwayi bwa Wilms ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bwa Wilms bugira icyizere cyinshi, aho abarwayi barenga 90% bakira iyo kanseri imenyekanye hakiri kare. Gahunda y'ubuvuzi iterwa n'ubunini bw'ikibyimba, aho kiri, niba cyamanutse, ariko busanzwe burimo guhuza kubaga na chimiothérapie.

Abana benshi bazabagwa kugira ngo bakureho impyiko yarwaye (bita nephrectomy) hamwe n'ikibyimba. Ntukabe umunaniro - abantu bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe bafite impyiko imwe izima. Mbere yo kubaga, umwana wawe ashobora guhabwa chimiothérapie kugira ngo agabanye ikibyimba kandi bikorohere kubikuraho neza.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

1. Chimiothérapie mbere yo kubaga (busanzwe ibyumweru 4-6) kugira ngo igabanye ikibyimba
2. Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho impyiko n'ikibyimba
3. Chimiothérapie nyuma yo kubaga (busanzwe ibyumweru 6-24)
4. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo mu bimwe mu bihe, cyane cyane niba kanseri yamanutse
5. Gusura buri gihe kugira ngo hagenzurwe uko abarwayi bakira kandi harebwe niba hari ikintu cyagarutse

Ku bana bafite ibibyimba mu mpyiko zombi, uburyo buragoye kandi bugamije kubungabunga imikorere y'impyiko uko bishoboka kose. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukuraho igice cy'umubiri w'impyiko aho gukuraho impyiko yose.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burangira mu mezi 6-9, kandi abana benshi bagaruka mu bikorwa byabo bisanzwe vuba nyuma yo kurangiza ubuvuzi.

Uko watanga ubuvuzi bw'i muhira mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi

Kwita ku mwana wawe i muhira mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bigamije kumutera amahoro, gukumira indwara, no kubungabunga ubuzima busanzwe uko bishoboka kose. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakugira inama zihariye, ariko hari amahame rusange ashobora gufasha.

Gucunga ingaruka z'ubuvuzi niyo ntambambe ikomeye. Ku isesemi, tanga ifunguro rito, kenshi n'ibiribwa bitagira umunuko umwana wawe akunda. Kuguma ufite amazi ni ingenzi, bityo shishikariza kunywa amazi, ubukonje, cyangwa popsicles umunsi wose.

Dore ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwita ku mwana i muhira:

• Kwirinda abantu barwaye, kuko chimiothérapie ishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Koga intoki kenshi kandi shishikariza umwana wawe kubikora
• Kureba umuriro kandi uhamagare ikipe yawe y'abaganga ako kanya niba ubayeho
• Gutanga igihe cyo kuruhuka cyane kandi ntukagire impungenge niba umwana wawe aryama kurusha igihe gisanzwe
• Tanga ibiryo biringaniye igihe umwana wawe yumva afite ubushake bwo kurya, ariko ntumukangishe ifunguro
• Komeza ahantu habagwe hakeye kandi humye hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'umuganga wawe
• Tanga imiti uko yategetswe, nubwo umwana wawe yumva ameze neza

Mu buryo bw'amarangamutima, komeza gahunda zisanzwe uko bishoboka kandi ukomeze ibikorwa umwana wawe akunda, bihindurwa uko bikwiye ukurikije imbaraga ze. Imiryango myinshi isanga kugumana n'inshuti zo ku ishuri no gukomeza ibikorwa by'imyidagaduro bikunda gufasha abana kumva bameze nk'abasanzwe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitoza gusura muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona igihe cyiza cyo kumara n'ikipe y'ubuvuzi kandi bikabuza impungenge zawe zose gukemuka. Tangira wandike ibibazo byawe mbere yo gusura buri gihe - biroroshye kwibagirwa ibintu by'ingenzi igihe wumva ufite umunaniro cyangwa uhangayitse.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose umwana wawe afata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi byongewemo. Nanone, komeza ibitabo byoroshye by'ibimenyetso, ingaruka, cyangwa impinduka wabonye kuva ku gusura gushize.

Tegura ibi bintu:

• Urukurikirane rw'ibimenyetso biriho n'igihe byatangiye
• Ibibazo ku iterambere ry'ubuvuzi n'icyo witeze
• Impungenge zose ku ngaruka cyangwa ibikorwa bya buri munsi by'umwana wawe
• Amakuru y'ubwishingizi n'ibindi byangombwa
• Umuryango w'umuryango cyangwa inshuti yizewe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga kandi igufashe kwibuka amakuru
• Ikintu cyo gufasha umwana wawe mu gihe ategereje
• Ibiryo n'ibinyobwa mu gihe gusura byarakaye

Ntugatinye gusaba ibisobanuro niba amagambo y'ubuvuzi atumvikana, kandi usabe amabwiriza yanditse ku mabwiriza akomeye yo kwita ku mwana. Ababyeyi benshi basanga ari byiza kwandika cyangwa gusaba niba bashobora kwandika ibice by'ingenzi by'ikiganiro kugira ngo babisubiremo nyuma.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Uburwayi bwa Wilms

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko uburwayi bwa Wilms, nubwo ari bukomeye, bufite uburyo bwiza bwo kuvurwa iyo buvuriwe neza. Abana barenga 90% babonye iyi kanseri bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Kumenya hakiri kare bigira uruhare runini mu gutsinda ubuvuzi, bityo izera icyizere cyawe niba ubona impinduka ziteye impungenge mu buzima bw'umwana wawe. Guhuza kubaga na chimiothérapie bifite akamaro kanini, kandi abana benshi barangiza ubuvuzi mu gihe kitarenze umwaka.

Nubwo urugendo ruri imbere rushobora kuguha umunaniro ubu, nturi wenyine. Amakipe yita ku bana barwaye kanseri yatojwe mu kwita ku bana n'imiryango muri uyu mujyo. Imiryango myinshi isanga guhuza n'abandi babyeyi banyuze mu bihe nk'ibi bitanga inkunga n'ibitekerezo by'agaciro.

Ibuka ko nawe ugomba kwita ku buzima bwawe - umwana wawe akukeneye kugira ngo ube muzima kandi ukomeye uko bishoboka kose. Emerera ubufasha bw'inshuti n'umuryango, kandi ntutinye gukoresha serivisi z'inkunga zihabwa mu bitaro.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho kuri Uburwayi bwa Wilms

Umwana wanjye ashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe afite impyiko imwe?

Yego, rwose. Abantu bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe bafite impyiko imwe izima. Impyiko isigaye izongera gukora buhoro buhoro kugira ngo iboneze impyiko yakuweho. Umwana wawe azashobora kwitabira ibikorwa byinshi, harimo imikino, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo kwirinda imikino ihuza abantu ishobora gukomeretsa impyiko isigaye.

Abandi bana banjye bazabona uburwayi bwa Wilms?

Amahirwe ni make cyane. Hagati ya 1-2% gusa y'abarwaye uburwayi bwa Wilms ni bo bavuka bafite iyo ndwara, bisobanura ko iherwa mu muryango. Ariko kandi, niba umwana wawe afite zimwe mu ndwara zikomoka ku miterere y'umubiri zijyanye n'uburwayi bwa Wilms, muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo kugisha inama ku miterere y'umubiri kugira ngo asuzume ibyago ku bavandimwe be n'abana bazavuka.

Umwana wanjye azakenera igihe kingana iki ngo akurikiranwe nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Abana benshi bazagira ibizamini buri gihe byibuze imyaka itanu nyuma yo kurangiza ubuvuzi. Ibi bizamini bisanzwe bitangira buri mezi mike kandi bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Gukurikirana birimo ibizamini by'umubiri, ibizamini by'amaraso, n'ibizamini byo kubona ishusho buri gihe kugira ngo hemezwe ko kanseri itagarutse kandi ko umwana wawe ari gukura neza.

Uburwayi bwa Wilms bushobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Kugaruka ni gake ariko bishoboka, bibaho ku kigero cya 10-15% cy'abarwayi. Ibyinshi mu bigarutse bibaho mu myaka ibiri ya mbere nyuma yo kuvurwa, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana ari ingenzi cyane. Niba kanseri igarutse, ishobora kuvurwa neza, nubwo uburyo bushobora gutandukana n'ubuvuzi bwa mbere.

Ndagomba kubwira iki umwana wanjye ku burwayi bwe?

Ba umunyamwe mu buryo bukwiye igihe cy'umwana. Abana bato bakeneye ibisobanuro byoroshye, bifatika nka “Ufite uturemangingo tw'abarwayi mu mpyiko muganga agomba gukuraho kugira ngo ugire.