Amantadine ni iki: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Amantadine ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ufasha kuvura ibimenyetso bya indwara ya Parkinson n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa grip. Ubusanzwe wari warakozwe nk'umuti urwanya virusi mu myaka ya za 1960, abaganga bavumbuye ko ufasha n'abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu ngingo kumva bameze neza kandi bafatanye.

Uyu muti ukora mu buryo bubiri bukuru mu mubiri wawe. Urwanya virusi zimwe na zimwe za grip kandi ufasha kuringaniza imisemburo yo mu bwonko igenzura imigendekere n'imitekerereze. Abantu benshi basanga bibaha imbaraga nyinshi kandi bifasha kugabanya umubyimba cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi.

Amantadine ni iki?

Amantadine ni umwe mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa adamantanes. Ni umuti w'ubukorano usa n'imiti karemano yo mu bwonko yitwa dopamine. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira mu buryo bwa capsule, ibinini, cyangwa amazi ufata unywa.

Uyu muti umaze imyaka myinshi ukoreshwa neza mu gufasha abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Ufatwa nk'umuti ufite imbaraga ziringaniye ukora gahoro mu mubiri wawe. Bitandukanye n'indi miti ikomeye, amantadine akenshi itera ingaruka nke zikomeye mugihe igitanga ubufasha bw'ingirakamaro.

Amantadine ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Abaganga bandikira amantadine mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zihariye. Igikoreshwa cyane ni ukurwanya ibimenyetso bya indwara ya Parkinson nk'umuhuhuto, umubyimba, n'imigendekere itinda. Ishobora kandi gufasha mu bibazo by'imigendekere iterwa n'imiti, rimwe na rimwe bibaho iyo umuntu afata imiti imwe na imwe yo mu mutwe.

Dore indwara nyamukuru amantadine ifasha kuvura:

• Ibimenyetso bya indwara ya Parkinson (umuhuhuto, umubyimba, imigendekere itinda)
• Uburwayi bwo mu ngingo buterwa n'imiti yo mu mutwe
• Udukoko twa virusi ya grip A (nubwo ubu ntikoreshwa cyane)
• Umunaniro mu ndwara ya sclerose multiple (ikoreshwa hanze y'icyo yagenewe)
• Urugero rumwe na rumwe rwo gukira kw'imvune zo mu bwonko

Umuganga wawe azemeza niba amantadine ikwiriye kuri wowe. Uyu muti ukora neza iyo uri mu buryo bwuzuye bwo kuvura burimo n'indi miti, imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa impinduka mu mibereho.

Amantadine ikora ite?

Amantadine ikora yongera urwego rwa dopamine mu bwonko bwawe. Dopamine ni ubutumwa bw'imirasire bufasha kugenzura imyitwarire, imyumvire, n'imbaraga. Iyo ufite indwara nka Parkinson, ubwonko bwawe ntibukora dopamine ihagije.

Uyu muti kandi ubangamira ibice bimwe na bimwe byo mu bwonko byitwa NMDA receptors. Iki gikorwa cyo kubangamira gifasha kugabanya imyitwarire idasanzwe kandi gishobora kunoza imikorere yawe yose. Tekereza nk'ifasha kunoza imibanire iri hagati y'ubwonko bwawe n'imitsi yawe.

Nka antiviral, amantadine irinda virusi ya gripu kwinjira mu ntsinga zawe no kwiyongera. Ariko, ubwoko bwinshi bwa gripu bwateje imbere ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira, bityo abaganga ntibakoresha cyane ubuvuzi bwa gripu. Inyungu z'indwara yo mu myitwarire ziguma kuba ikoreshwa ryayo ry'ibanze uyu munsi.

Nkwiriye gufata amantadine nte?

Fata amantadine nk'uko umuganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi. Urashobora kuyifata hamwe cyangwa utayifatanije n'ibiryo, nubwo kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo byo mu nda. Mimina ibinini cyangwa amavuta yose hamwe n'ikirahure cyuzuye cy'amazi.

Nibyiza gufata amantadine kare mu gitondo, cyane cyane mu gitondo. Kuyifata nimugoroba bishobora kubangamira ibitotsi byawe kuko bishobora gutera umwuka muke. Niba uyifata kabiri ku munsi, gabanura imiti mu gihe cyose cy'umunsi.

Dore amabwiriza akomeye yo gufata amantadine neza:

• Fata umuti ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo urugero rwawo ruhore ruringaniye
• Ntukamenagure, ntukayisye, cyangwa ngo umenagure ibinini birebire
• Pima imiti y'amazi neza ukoresheje igikoresho cyagenewe gupima
• Guma ufite amazi ahagije mu gihe ufata uyu muti
• Irinde inzoga, zishobora kongera isereri no gusinzira

Niba ufite ibibazo by'impyiko, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura urugero rwawo cyangwa akagukurikiranira hafi. Uyu muti ukurwa mu mubiri wawe unyuze mu mpyiko zawe, bityo ibibazo byose by'impyiko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gihe umara mu mubiri wawe.

Nzamara igihe kingana iki mfata Amantadine?

Igihe cyo kuvura na amantadine giterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo ubwitabira. Ku ndwara ya Parkinson, ushobora gukenera kuwufata igihe kirekire nk'igice cyo gukomeza kuvurwa. Muganga wawe azajya asuzuma buri gihe niba agifasha ibimenyetso byawe.

Abantu bamwe babona impinduka mu minsi mike, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo bumve neza akamaro kawo. Ntukareke gufata amantadine ako kanya, kuko ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo kuva mu muti cyangwa bikongera ibimenyetso byawe by'umwimerere. Muganga wawe azagabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwawo niba ukeneye guhagarika.

Ku ndwara zo kwimuka ziterwa n'indi miti, ushobora gukenera amantadine by'agateganyo gusa. Iyo umuti utera ibibazo uhagaritswe cyangwa uhinduwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugabanya buhoro buhoro amantadine. Inama zisanzwe zigufasha kumenya neza ko urimo gufata urugero rukwiye mu gihe gikwiye.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Amantadine?

Abantu benshi bafata amantadine neza, ariko nk'indi miti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka zikomeye zitamenyerewe, kandi ingaruka nyinshi zoroheje zikora neza uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Uburwayi bwo mu nda cyangwa kuruka
• Urugero cyangwa umutwe w'igihunga
• Kugorana gusinzira cyangwa kurota inzozi zidasanzwe
• Umunwa wumye
• Guhora
• Ukubura mu birenge cyangwa mu birenge
• Uruhu rwijimye cyangwa rutukura (livedo reticularis)

Uruhu rwijimye, nubwo ruteye impungenge, akenshi ntirugira ingaruka kandi akenshi rushira umaze guhagarika imiti. Ariko, ugomba kubibwira muganga wawe mu gihe cyo gusura kwawe.

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zitabaho cyane zisaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga:

• Urujijo rukabije cyangwa ibitekerezo bidafite ishingiro
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Ukubura gukabije mu maso, iminwa, cyangwa umuhogo
• Ibitekerezo byo kwangiza cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe mu myitwarire
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umutima (umutima wihuta, utinda, cyangwa udasanzwe)

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso bikomeye, vugana n'umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa. Abantu benshi bafata amantadine nk'uko byategetswe bahura gusa n'ingaruka zoroheje, zishobora gucungwa zitabangamira ubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Ninde utagomba gufata Amantadine?

Amantadine ntirigirira umutekano buri wese. Muganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'imiti ufata mbere yo kuyikwandikira. Ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe n'ibihe bituma uyu muti utabereye cyangwa bisaba gukurikiranwa byihariye.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata amantadine niba ufite:

• Ubwivumbagatanye buzwi kuri amantadine cyangwa imiti isa nayo
• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Glaucoma itavurwa y'urwego ruto
• Uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutima

Ukwitonda byihariye birakenewe niba ufite ibi bikurikira:

• Ibibazo byoroheje kugeza ku birenze urugero by'impyiko
• Indwara y'umutima cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Amateka y'ibibazo byo gufatwa cyangwa epilepsi
• Indwara y'umwijima
• Amateka y'indwara zo mu mutwe
• Ibibazo bya prostate cyangwa kugorana kunyara

Gusama inda no konsa bisaba kwitonda cyane. Nubwo amantadine ataragaragazwa ko yangiza abana bakiri bato, ntibisabwa mugihe cyo gutwita keretse inyungu zirusha ingaruka. Uyu muti ushobora kujya mu mata y'umubyeyi, bityo ganira n'umuganga wawe niba urimo konsa kugirango uvuge ku bindi bisimbura.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Amantadine

Amantadine iboneka munsi y'amazina menshi y'ubwoko, nubwo verisiyo rusange ikora neza. Izina risanzwe ry'ubwoko ni Symmetrel, imaze imyaka myinshi iboneka. Ushobora kandi kubona igurishwa nka Gocovri, verisiyo irekura byihuse yemejwe by'umwihariko kubera indwara ya Parkinson.

Andi mazina y'ubwoko arimo Osmolex ER, indi formulation irekura byihuse. Izi verisiyo zikora igihe kirekire zirashobora koroha kuko uzifata kenshi. Ariko, akenshi zihenze kurusha amantadine rusange.

Farumasi yawe irashobora gusimbuza amantadine rusange izina ry'ubwoko keretse umuganga wawe yanditseho by'umwihariko "izina ry'ubwoko gusa" ku byo wandikiwe. Ibikoresho bikora ni kimwe, bityo uzabona inyungu zimwe za therapeutic ku giciro gito.

Ibindi bisimbura Amantadine

Imiti myinshi ishobora kuvura ibibazo bisa niba amantadine atagukwiriye. Kubera indwara ya Parkinson, ibindi bisimbura birimo carbidopa-levodopa (ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa mbere), dopamine agonists nka pramipexole cyangwa ropinirole, na MAO-B inhibitors nka selegiline.

Niba urimo guhangana n'indwara ziterwa n'imiti, umuganga wawe ashobora kugerageza imiti ya anticholinergic nka benztropine cyangwa trihexyphenidyl. Izi zikora mu buryo butandukanye na amantadine ariko zirashobora gukora kimwe kubera ubwoko bumwe bw'ibibazo by'imitsi.

Kubera umunaniro wa multiple sclerosis, ibindi bisimbura birimo modafinil, methylphenidate, cyangwa ndetse na antidepressants zimwe. Umuganga wawe azatekereza ibimenyetso byawe byihariye, indi miti, n'ubuzima muri rusange mugihe uhitamo igisubizo cyiza.

Ese Amantadine iruta Carbidopa-Levodopa?

Amantadine na carbidopa-levodopa bifite uruhare rutandukanye mu kuvura indwara ya Parkinson. Carbidopa-levodopa ni yo ivurwa mbere na mbere kuko ifasha cyane mu gukiza ibimenyetso nyamukuru bya Parkinson. Amantadine akenshi yongerwaho nyuma yo gufasha mu bibazo byihariye nk'imivugire idashakishwa (dyskinesia).

Carbidopa-levodopa isimbura ako kanya dopamine yaburiye mu bwonko bwawe, bigatuma ifasha cyane mu guhangana n'umutwaro, umubyimba, n'imigendekere itinda. Ariko, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa, ishobora gutera imivugire idashakishwa. Aha niho amantadine yigaragaza - ifasha kugabanya iyi mivugire iterwa n'imiti.

Abantu benshi barangiza bafata imiti yombi icyarimwe. Bakora binyuze mu buryo butandukanye kandi bagashyigikirana neza. Muganga wawe azagena uruvange rwiza rishingiye ku bimenyetso byawe, igihe umaze ufite Parkinson, n'uko witwara ku miti.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Amantadine

Ese Amantadine irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete?

Yego, amantadine muri rusange irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete. Uyu muti ntugira ingaruka ku isukari yo mu maraso cyangwa ngo uvangire imiti myinshi ya diyabete. Ariko, ugomba kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso yawe buri gihe, cyane cyane iyo utangiye gufata amantadine, kuko umuti uwo ariwo wose mushya ushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.

Niba ubonye impinduka zidasanzwe mu mikorere y'isukari yo mu maraso yawe nyuma yo gutangira gufata amantadine, ganira na muganga wawe. Bashobora gushaka guhindura imiti yawe ya diyabete cyangwa kugukurikiranira hafi mu byumweru bya mbere byo kuvurwa.

Nigira iki niba nifashishije amantadine nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba wanyoye amantadine nyinshi kurusha uko wagombaga, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ubumara ako kanya. Ntukegere ko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kunywa doze nyinshi bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye birimo urujijo rukabije, kwibeshya, imikorere idasanzwe y'umutima, no guhumeka nabi.

Mu gihe utegereje ubufasha bwa muganga, guma utuje kandi ntugerageze kwivugisha keretse ubitegetswe. Bika urupapuro rw'imiti hamwe nawe kugira ngo abaganga babone neza icyo wanyoye n'ingano yacyo. Niba hari undi muntu uhari, musabe kukujyana mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi aho kwitwara.

Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije doze ya Amantadine?

Niba wibagiwe gufata doze ya amantadine, yifate ako kanya wibukiye, keretse igihe cyo gufata doze ikurikira kigeze. Ntukafate doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usubize doze wibagiwe, kuko ibi byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti.

Niba ukunda kwibagirwa doze, gerageza gushyiraho alarme kuri terefone yawe cyangwa ukoreshe igikoresho cyo gutegura imiti. Gufata amantadine buri gihe bifasha kugumana urwego ruri hejuru mu mubiri wawe kugira ngo ugenzure ibimenyetso neza. Niba wibagiwe doze nyinshi zikurikirana, vugana n'umuganga wawe mbere yo kongera kuyifata, kuko bishobora kuba ngombwa ko wongera kuyitangira ku rugero ruto.

Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata Amantadine?

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata amantadine ako kanya utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Guhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo kuva mu miti no gutuma ibimenyetso byawe bya mbere birushaho kuba bibi. Umuganga wawe azategura gahunda yo kugabanya buhoro buhoro doze yawe mu byumweru cyangwa amezi menshi.

Ushobora kuba ushobora guhagarika amantadine niba uburwayi bwawe bworoheye, niba ugize ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti zitihanganirwa, cyangwa niba izindi miti zibaye zikwiriye kurushaho. Abantu bamwe barwaye indwara ya Parkinson bakeneye kuyifata igihe kirekire, mu gihe abandi bashobora kuyikoresha by'agateganyo mu gihe cy'ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi bwabo.

Nshobora gutwara imodoka nkanwa amantadine?

Ugomba kwitonda niba utwaye imodoka igihe ugitangira gufata amantadine. Uyu muti ushobora gutera isereri, gusinzira cyane, cyangwa guhumuka, cyane cyane mu byumweru bya mbere. Tegereza kugeza umenye uko amantadine ikugiraho ingaruka mbere yo gutwara imodoka cyangwa gukoresha imashini.

Abantu benshi bashobora gutwara neza imodoka bamaze kumenyera umuti, ariko buri gihe ukoreshe ubwenge bwawe. Niba wumva isereri, urujijo, cyangwa urushye cyane, ntugatware imodoka. Ganira na muganga wawe niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje, kuko bashobora gukenera guhindura urugero rwawe cyangwa igihe cyo gufata umuti.