Icyo Amphetamine ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwa dose, ingaruka zayo, n'ibindi

Amphetamine ni umuti wandikirwa abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutagira umwanya wo kwitaho no kureba ibintu byinshi (ADHD) na narcolepsy kugira ngo bacunge neza ibimenyetso byabo. Uyu muti utera imbaraga ukora wongera imisemburo imwe n'imwe yo mu bwonko ifasha kunoza imyumvire, kwitaho, no gukanguka. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, amphetamine yakoreshejwe neza mumyaka myinshi iyo yanditswe kandi igenzurwa nabaganga.

Amphetamine ni iki?

Amphetamine ni umuti utera imbaraga zo hagati mu mikoranire y'imitsi y'ubwonko, ukaba mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa sympathomimetic amines. Iza muburyo butandukanye, harimo ibinini byihutirwa no gusohoka kwimbitse hamwe na capsules. Uyu muti ukora ukanzura urwego rwa dopamine na norepinephrine mu bwonko bwawe, bikaba ari neurotransmitters bifasha kugenzura imyumvire n'imyitwarire.

Ushobora kumenya amphetamine ku mazina yayo y'ubucuruzi nka Adderall, Evekeo, cyangwa Dyanavel XR. Uyu muti ushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ikintu kigenzurwa kuko gishobora gukoreshwa nabi, niyo mpamvu bisaba urwandiko rwa muganga no kugenzurwa neza na muganga wawe.

Amphetamine ikoreshwa kubera iki?

Amphetamine ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura ADHD mu bana no mu bantu bakuru. Bifasha kugabanya imikorere y'umubiri, kunoza umwanya wo kwitaho, no kongera imyumvire kubantu bafite ubwonko butabyara neza neurotransmitters zimwe na zimwe. Abantu benshi basanga bituma bashobora kwitaho cyane kumurimo, ishuri, cyangwa mugihe cyimirimo ya buri munsi.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa kandi mu kuvura narcolepsy, indwara yo gusinzira itera gusinzira cyane kumanywa no gusinzira gutunguranye. Kubantu bafite narcolepsy, amphetamine ibafasha gukomeza kuba maso kandi maso mumasaha asanzwe yo gukanguka.

Mu bintu bikeya bibaho, abaganga bashobora kwandika imiti ya amphetamine ku bantu bafite umubabaro udakira, ariko ibi bikunze gukorwa gusa iyo izindi miti itagize icyo igikoraho kandi bikorwa n'abaganga babigize umwuga.

Imikorere ya Amphetamine

Amphetamine yongera ubushobozi bwa dopamine na norepinephrine mu bwonko bwawe mu kubuza imikorere yabyo no guteza imbere irekurwa ryabyo. Bitekereze nk'uko wazamura ijwi ry'imiti y'ingenzi y'ubwonko ifasha kwibanda no gukomeza kuba maso. Iyi miti ifatwa nk'imiti ikomeye ikora ibintu bigaragara mu minota 30-60 nyuma yo kuyifata.

Uyu muti ntukiza ADHD cyangwa narcolepsy, ariko ufasha kugenzura ibimenyetso igihe ukora mu mubiri wawe. Ku bantu bafite ADHD, ibi bivuze ubushobozi buri hejuru bwo kwibanda, kugabanya umwuka wo kwihutisha, no kurangiza imirimo neza. Ibyo bikorwa bikunze kumara amasaha 4-6 ku miti ikora ako kanya n'amasaha 8-12 ku miti ikora igihe kirekire.

Nkwiriye gufata amphetamine nte?

Fata amphetamine nk'uko byategetswe na muganga wawe, akenshi rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi. Urashobora kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa utabifite, ariko kuyifata hamwe n'ibiryo bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibibazo byo mu nda. Niba ufata umuti ukora ako kanya, muganga wawe ashobora kuwugutegurira inshuro 2-3 ku munsi, urugero rwa mbere mu gitondo n'izindi nshuro ziri hagati y'amasaha 4-6.

Mimina ibinini bikora igihe kirekire byose utabimennye, utamunnye cyangwa ngo ubifungure, kuko ibi bishobora kurekura umuti mwinshi icyarimwe. Niba ugira ibibazo byo kumira ibinini, imiti imwe ikora igihe kirekire irashobora gufungurwa igashyirwa ku mbuto z'apulo, ariko banza ubaze umufarimasi.

Gerageza gufata umuti wawe ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo ugumane urwego rumwe mu mubiri wawe. Irinde kuwufata nimugoroba kuko bishobora kubuza gusinzira. Niba ukunda kugira ibibazo byo mu nda, gufata ifunguro rito mbere yo gufata umuti bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo byo mu nda.

Nzamara Mfite Amphetamine Ite?

Igihe cyo kuvura na amphetamine gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye n'uburwayi bwawe. Kubera ADHD, abantu benshi bungukirwa no kuvurwa igihe kirekire, rimwe na rimwe imyaka myinshi cyangwa se mu buzima bwabo bwose. Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe niba umuti ukenewe kandi ukora kuri wowe.

Umuzamu w'ubuzima bwawe akenshi azategura ibizamini bisanzwe buri mezi 3-6 kugirango akurikirane iterambere ryawe, agahindura imiti niba bibaye ngombwa, kandi akareba ibindi bintu byose bishobora kubaho. Abantu bamwe bashobora gufata akaruhuko kavuye ku muti, cyane cyane abana, kugirango barebe uko bitwara batabifite kandi kugirango babashe gukura neza.

Kubera narcolepsy, kuvurwa akenshi ni igihe kirekire kuko ni uburwayi buhoraho. Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura urugero rwawe cyangwa agagerageza imiti itandukanye uko igihe kigenda kugirango abone icyo gikora neza kubimenyetso byawe byihariye.

Ni Ibihe Bintu Bigaragara Biterwa na Amphetamine?

Abantu benshi bahura n'ibintu bimwe iyo batangira gufata amphetamine, ariko byinshi muri ibi birakosoka uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Kumva icyo witeguye gishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ukamenya igihe wahamagara muganga wawe.

Ibintu bisanzwe bigaragara abantu benshi bahura nabyo birimo:

• Kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya no gutakaza ibiro
• Kugira ibibazo byo gusinzira cyangwa kutagira ibitotsi
• Umunwa wumye
• Umutwe
• Ubwoba cyangwa guhangayika
• Umuzunguruko
• Urubu rw'inda cyangwa isesemi
• Umutima wihuta

Ibi bintu bigaragara akenshi biroroshye kandi akenshi ntibigaragara cyane nyuma y'ibyumweru bike bya mbere byo kuvurwa. Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije, kurya ibiryo bisanzwe nubwo ubushake bwo kurya bugabanutse, no gukomeza isuku nziza yo gusinzira bishobora gufasha gucunga ibi bintu.

Ibintu bitagaragara cyane ariko bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga:

• Uburibwe mu gituza cyangwa umutima utera nabi
• Impinduka zikomeye mu myifatire cyangwa imyitwarire y'ubugome
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo byo gutembera kw'amaraso (intoki cyangwa intambwe bihinduka ubururu/umutuku)
• Umutwe ukabije
• Kureba nabi
• Guhinda umushyitsi kw'imitsi cyangwa imitsi itera
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima (uruhu/amaso y'umuhondo, kuribwa mu nda bikabije)

Nubwo bitajyenda bibaho, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umubiri birimo uruhu rurya, kuribwa, kubyimba, cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi ako kanya.

Ninde utagomba gufata Amphetamine?

Amphetamine ntibishoboka ko ari byiza kuri buri wese, kandi indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubigira ibyago. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima mbere yo kwandika uyu muti. Abantu bafite ibibazo by'umutima, harimo indwara z'umutima, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa umutima utera nabi, bashobora gukenera kwirinda amphetamine cyangwa gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye.

Ntugomba gufata amphetamine niba ufite:

• Indwara zikomeye z'umutima cyangwa ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso utagenzurwa
• Hyperthyroidism (thyroid ikora cyane)
• Glaucoma
• Amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kubihinduka imbata
• Guhorana impungenge zikabije cyangwa guhangayika
• Uburwayi bwa Tourette cyangwa imitsi itera

Uyu muti kandi ushobora gukorana nabi n'indi miti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane MAO inhibitors (ubwoko bwa antidepressant). Kora neza ubwire muganga wawe ku miti yose, ibyongerera imbaraga, n'ibicuruzwa by'ibyatsi urimo gufata.

Gusama no konsa bisaba kwitonderwa byihariye, kuko amphetamine ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda no kwinjira mu mata y'ibere. Muganga wawe azagereranya neza inyungu n'ibibazo niba utwite cyangwa ufite gahunda yo gusama.

Amazina y'ubwoko bwa Amphetamine

Amphetamine iboneka mu mazina menshi y'ubucuruzi, buri rimwe rifite uburyo butandukanye gato n'uburyo bwo kurekura. Izwi cyane ni Adderall, ihuza amphetamine na dextroamphetamine mu buryo bwo kurekura ako kanya no kurekura igihe kirekire (Adderall XR).

Andi mazina y'ubucuruzi arimo Evekeo, ari amphetamine sulfate irekurwa ako kanya, na Dyanavel XR, ari uruvange rurekurwa igihe kirekire rw'amazi cyane cyane rufitiye akamaro abana cyangwa abantu bakuru bagorwa no kumira ibinini. Adzenys XR-ODT ni ikinini gishonga mu kanwa gishongera ku rurimi rwawe.

Nubwo iyi miti ikubiyemo ikintu kimwe gikora, ishobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwo kurekura, imbaraga, cyangwa ibintu bitagira akamaro. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bukwiriye ibyo ukeneye n'imibereho yawe.

Izindi Miti Zisimbura Amphetamine

Niba amphetamine itagukwiriye, imiti myinshi isimbura irashobora kuvura ADHD na narcolepsy. Kuri ADHD, imiti ishingiye kuri methylphenidate nka Ritalin, Concerta, cyangwa Focalin ikora kimwe ariko ishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye. Abantu bamwe boroherwa n'ubwoko bumwe bwa stimulant kurusha ubundi.

Uburyo butari bwa stimulant bwa ADHD burimo atomoxetine (Strattera), igira ingaruka kuri norepinephrine mu buryo butandukanye, n'imiti mishya nka viloxazine (Qelbree). Ibi birashobora gukundwa niba ufite impungenge zerekeye ingaruka za stimulant cyangwa ufite amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Kuri narcolepsy, ibindi bisimbura birimo modafinil (Provigil), armodafinil (Nuvigil), cyangwa sodium oxybate (Xyrem). Muganga wawe azatekereza ibimenyetso byawe byihariye, amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, n'imibereho yawe mugihe asaba ibindi bisimbura.

Ese Amphetamine iruta Methylphenidate?

Nta amphetamine cyangwa methylphenidate byose ari byiza kurusha ibindi. Byombi ni imiti ikoreshwa bwa mbere mu kuvura ADHD, kandi guhitamo akenshi biterwa n'uburyo umuntu abyakira n'uburyo yihanganira ingaruka zayo. Abantu bamwe bakira neza imiti ishingiye kuri amphetamine, mu gihe abandi babona ko methylphenidate ibafitiye akamaro kurushaho.

Amphetamine ikunda kumara igihe gito kandi ishobora kugira akamaro kurushaho ku bantu bamwe, mu gihe methylphenidate ishobora gutera ibibazo bicye byo kubura ubushake bwo kurya no gusinzira ku bandi. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya icyo kigukorera neza ni ukugerageza kimwe ukiri mu maso ya muganga ukareba uko ubyakira.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutangira n'umuti umwe hanyuma akajya ku wundi niba utabonye ibisubizo wifuzaga cyangwa ukagira ingaruka zikomeye. Ubu buryo bwo kugerageza no kwibeshya ni ibisanzwe kandi bifasha kubona uburyo bwo kuvura bufite akamaro kurusha ubundi ku byo ukeneye byihariye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kuri Amphetamine

Q1. Ese amphetamine irakwiriye ku bantu bafite impungenge?

Amphetamine ishobora kongera ibimenyetso by'impungenge kuko ni ikintu gitera umubiri gukanguka kandi gishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko, abantu bamwe bafite ADHD n'impungenge basanga kuvura ADHD yabo bifasha mu kugabanya urwego rw'impungenge zabo. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza ibimenyetso by'impungenge zawe kandi ashobora kugusaba gutangira n'urugero ruto cyangwa ugerageze ikindi kintu kitari stimulant mbere na mbere. Niba ufata amphetamine ufite impungenge, muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba imiti igabanya impungenge cyangwa akagusaba kujya muri terapi kugira ngo ifashe gukemura ibibazo byombi.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe amphetamine nyinshi ku buryo butunguranye?

Niba wafashe umuti urenze urugero wahawe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe ubumara ako kanya, kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza. Ibimenyetso byo kurenza urugero rw'umuti birimo umutima utera cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso, umuriro, urujijo, imyitwarire ya gasharira, cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi. Ntukagerageze "kubisinziramo" cyangwa gutegereza kureba icyo bibayeho. Hamagara 911 niba wumva ububabare mu gituza, ugahura n'ingorane zo guhumeka, kubabara umutwe cyane, cyangwa kutagira ubwenge. Kugira icupa ry'umuti ufite igihe ushakisha ubufasha bizatanga amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye icyo wafashe n'urugero warufasheho.

Q3. Nakora iki niba nirengagije gufata urugero rw'amphetamine?

Fata urugero wibagiwe ako kanya wibukiye, ariko niba bikiri mu gitondo cyangwa mu gitondo cyane. Niba bitinze ku manywa (muri rusange nyuma ya saa sita), reka urugero wibagiwe kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo byo gusinzira. Ntukigere na rimwe wongera urugero rwo kwishyura urwo wibagiwe, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Niba ufata amphetamine ifata igihe kinini, igihe ni ingenzi cyane kuko iyo miti imara igihe kirekire mu mubiri wawe.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari gufata amphetamine?

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata amphetamine ako kanya utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe. Nubwo bitajya bifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso byo kuva mu miti biteye akaga nk'iyo miti imwe, guhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutera umunaniro, agahinda, no kugaruka kw'ibimenyetso byawe by'umwimerere. Umuganga wawe azagufasha kugabanya buhoro buhoro urugero rwawe niba guhagarika bikwiye. Abantu bamwe bakeneye gufata amphetamine igihe kirekire, mu gihe abandi bashobora guhagarika nyuma yo gukura uburyo bwo guhangana neza cyangwa igihe imiterere y'ubuzima bwabo ihindutse.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba mfata amphetamine?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga igihe urimo gufata amphetamine, kuko guhuza ibi bintu bishobora kuba bitunguranye kandi bishobora guteza akaga. Inzoga irashobora guhisha ingaruka za amphetamine, bigatuma utamenya neza urugero rw'inzoga wanyoye, ibyo bikongera ibyago byo kurwara inzoga. Guhuza ibi bintu kandi bishobora gushyira umuvuduko mwinshi ku mutima wawe kandi bishobora gutuma ingaruka zikomeye nk'isazi cyangwa impinduka z'imitekerereze. Niba uhisemo kunywa rimwe na rimwe, bikore mu rugero ruto cyane kandi ntuzigere ukoresha inzoga kugirango igufashe gusinzira igihe amphetamine ikugumisha maso.