Urukingo rwa Anthrax Adsorbed (Adjuvanted): Ibikoreshwa, Uburyo bwo Gukoresha, Ingaruka, n'ibindi

Urukingo rwa anthrax adsorbed (adjuvanted) ni urukingo rurinda rufasha umubiri wawe kubaka ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya anthrax, indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri. Urukingo rukubiyemo poroteyine zisukuye ziva muri bagiteri ya anthrax hamwe na adjuvant—ikintu cyihariye gifasha kongera imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwawe kugira ngo habeho uburinzi bukomeye kandi burambye.

Urukingo ruhanwa cyane cyane abantu bahura n'ibibazo byinshi byo kwandura anthrax, nk'abakozi b'igisirikare, abakozi bo mu laboratori, n'abakozi b'ubuzima bamwe na bamwe. Nubwo indwara ya anthrax idakunze kubaho mu buzima bwa buri munsi, uru rukingo rutanga uburinzi bukomeye kubantu bashobora guhura na bagiteri binyuze mu kazi kabo cyangwa umurimo wabo.

Urukingo rwa Anthrax Adsorbed rukoreshwa mu iki?

Uru rukingo rurinda indwara ya anthrax mu kwigisha umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri ya anthrax. Anthrax ni indwara ishobora kwica iterwa na bagiteri ya Bacillus anthracis, ishobora kwibasira uruhu, ibihaha, cyangwa sisitemu yo mu gifu bitewe n'uburyo umuntu yanduye.

Urukingo rurashimwa kubantu b'amatsinda yihariye bahura n'ibibazo byinshi byo kwandura. Abakozi b'igisirikare boherezwa mu turere tumwe na tumwe bahabwa uru rukingo nk'igice cy'ingamba zabo zo kurinda ubuzima. Abakozi bo muri laboratori bakora ibizamini bya anthrax n'abaganga b'amatungo bamwe bakora n'amatungo barungukirwa n'uru rurinda.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe by'ubutabazi, abayobozi mu rwego rw'ubuzima rusange bashobora gushimira urukingo kubantu banduye anthrax cyangwa bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura. Umuganga wawe azemeza niba uru rukingo rukwiriye kubibazo byawe byihariye hashingiwe ku mpamvu zikugiraho ingaruka n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe.

Urukingo rwa Anthrax rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa antrakisi rukora rutuma umubiri wawe winjizamo poroteyine zitagira ingaruka ziva mu mikorobi ya antrakisi, ibyo bikigisha urwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi kumenya no kurwanya mikorobi nyakuri niba wigeze guhura nazo. Bitekereze nk'uko urwego rwawe rw’ubwirinzi rwerekanwa “icyapa gishakishwa” kugira ngo rushobore kumenya no gukuraho icyo kintu gihutaza vuba.

Umuti wunganira muri uru rukingo ukora nk'urwego rwo gutabaza rworoshye, rufasha gukomeza no kurambura igisubizo cyawe cy’ubwirinzi. Iki kintu gituma umubiri wawe ukora imibiri myinshi irwanya indwara kandi ukibuka uburyo bwo kurwanya antrakisi mu myaka iri imbere.

Ibi bifatwa nk'urukingo rukomeye ruciriritse rutanga uburinzi bukomeye. Abantu benshi bagira ubwirinzi bwiza nyuma yo kurangiza urukurikirane rwose rw'inkingo, nubwo ibisubizo by'umuntu ku giti cye bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibintu nk'imyaka n'ubuzima muri rusange.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa antrakisi nte?

Urukingo rwa antrakisi rutangwa nk'urushinge mu gice cy'umubiri cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko kwawe n'umuganga. Ntabwo ukeneye gufata uru rukingo hamwe n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi kuko rutangwa mu gice cy'imitsi yawe.

Mbere yo gufata urukingo, jya ufata ifunguro risanzwe kandi ugume ufite amazi ahagije. Ibi bifasha kumenya ko wumva umeze neza mu gihe cyo gufata urukingo no nyuma yarwo. Urashobora gukomeza kurya bisanzwe nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo.

Urukingo akenshi rutangwa nk'urukurikirane rw'inkingo mu gihe cy'amezi menshi. Umuganga wawe azategura aya mahirwe kandi asobanure igihe nyacyo gikora neza kuri wowe. Ni ngombwa kubahiriza gahunda zose zateganyijwe kugira ngo wemeze ko wakira uburinzi bwuzuye.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa antrakisi igihe kingana iki?

Urukurikirane rwa mbere rw'urukingo rwa antrakisi akenshi rugizwe n'inkingo nyinshi zitangwa mu gihe cy'amezi agera kuri 18. Abantu benshi bakira inkingo ku mezi ya 0, 1, na 6, bikurikirwa n'inkingo zongera buri mwaka kugira ngo bakomeze uburinzi.

Umuvuzi wawe w'ubuzima azagena gahunda nyayo ashingiye ku rwego rw'ibibazo ufite n'amabwiriza y'ubuzima ariho. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera inkingo zongera zongera niba bakomeza guhura n'ibibazo byo kwandura binyuze mu kazi kabo cyangwa umurimo wa gisirikare.

Uburinzi butangwa n'uru rukingo burashobora kumara imyaka myinshi, ariko inkingo zongera zongera zifasha kumenya neza ko ubudahangarwa bwawe bukomeza kuba bukomeye. Muganga wawe azagenzura uko watewe inkingo kandi azagusaba inkingo zongera zongera uko bikwiye kugirango akurinde.

Ni Ibihe Bikorwa Bigaragara Ku Rukingo Rwa Anthrax?

Kimwe n'inkingo nyinshi, urukingo rwa anthrax rushobora gutera ibikorwa bigaragara, nubwo abantu benshi bahura gusa n'ibikorwa byoroheje bikemuka bonyine. Kumenya icyo witegura birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite icyizere ku rukingo rwawe.

Ibikorwa bisanzwe bigaragara abantu benshi bahura nabyo birimo kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahatewe urukingo. Ibi bikorwa byo mu gace ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umubiri wawe urimo gusubiza neza urukingo kandi akenshi bikemuka mu minsi mike.

Urashobora kandi kubona ibimenyetso rusange nk'uko umubiri wawe wubaka ubudahangarwa:

• Kugira umunaniro woroheje cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Urubavu ruto rw'umuriro
• Umutwe
• Kubabara imitsi
• Isesemi cyangwa kutamererwa neza mu gifu

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bigaragara mu masaha 24 nyuma yo guterwa urukingo kandi bikemuka mu minsi 2-3. Kuruhuka, kuguma ufite amazi ahagije, no gufata imiti igurishwa ku isoko irashobora kugufasha kumva umeze neza.

Ibikorwa bitagaragara cyane ariko bigaragara cyane birimo kubyimba cyane cyangwa kubabara ahatewe urukingo, bikamara icyumweru. Abantu bamwe bagira ibibyimba bito, bikomeye munsi y'uruhu aho bakiriye urukingo, akenshi bikazima nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi.

Ingaruka zidakunze kubaho ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Izi zikubiyemo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku bintu bitandukanye birimo kubura umwuka, uruhu ruranga hose, cyangwa kubyimba mu maso no mu muhogo. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bitajya bibaho, bishobora kugaragara mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha nyuma yo gukingirwa.

Izindi ngaruka zidakunze kubaho zishobora kuba harimo umuriro mwinshi udakira, kubabara umutwe bikabije, cyangwa intege nke idasanzwe idakira nyuma y'iminsi mike. Niba ubonye ibimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose giteye impungenge, ntugatinye kuvugana n'umuganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama.

Ninde utagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa antrax?

Abantu bamwe na bamwe bagomba kwirinda cyangwa gutinda guhabwa urukingo rwa antrax kugira ngo umutekano wabo n'ubushobozi bw'urukingo bibe byizewe. Umuganga wawe azasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ubuzima bwawe bw'ubu mbere yo kugusaba gukingirwa.

Abantu bafite allergie ikomeye ku bintu byose bigize urukingo ntibagomba guhabwa uru rukingo. Niba waragize allergie ikomeye ku ruzingo rwa antrax rwakubayeho mbere, ntugomba guhabwa izindi doze.

Abagore batwite basanzwe batinda gukingirwa antrax keretse bahuye n'ibibazo byihutirwa, byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nubwo nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko urukingo rugirira nabi abana bakiri bato, gukingirwa akenshi byimurirwa nyuma yo kubyara nk'ingamba zo kwirinda.

Abantu barwaye indwara zikomeye bagomba gutegereza kugeza bakize mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi bikubiyemo umuntu wese ufite umuriro, indwara zikomeye, cyangwa izindi ndwara zishobora kubangamira imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bwabo.

Abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza ntibashobora kugira uburinzi buhagije ku rukingo. Muganga wawe azasuzuma niba gukingirwa bikwiye bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwawe bwihariye n'ibibazo byo kwandura.

Amazina y'ibicuruzwa by'urukingo rwa antrax

Urushinge rwa antrax rwakiriwe (rufite imiti yongera ubudahangarwa) rukunzwe kumenyekana ku izina rya BioThrax iyo rukorwa na Emergent BioSolutions. Uru ni rwo rushinge rwa mbere rwa antrax rukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika kandi rwaragenzuriwe cyane ku buziranenge n'imikorere.

Abaganga n'abakozi bo mu gisirikare bavura indwara, akenshi barwita gusa "urushinge rwa antrax" cyangwa "AVA" (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed). Uburyo bwihariye uzahabwa buzaterwa n'ibiboneka binyuze muri sisitemu yawe y'ubuzima cyangwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi bwa gisirikare.

Izindi nkingo za antrax

Kugeza ubu, nta zindi nkingo zihari zikoreshwa cyane zirinda indwara ya antrax. Urushinge rwa antrax rwakiriwe rukomeza kuba uburyo bwa mbere bwo kwirinda ku bantu bari mu kaga ko kwandura.

Ku bantu batabasha guhabwa urwo rusinge kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, izindi ngamba zo kwirinda zirushaho kuba ingenzi. Izi zirimo gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye y'umutekano mu laboratori, gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwirinda, no gushaka ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi niba kwandura bibayeho.

Mu bihe byo kwandura, imiti irwanya mikorobe nka ciprofloxacin cyangwa doxycycline ishobora gufasha kwirinda kwandura niba itangiye vuba nyuma yo kwandura. Ariko, iyi miti ivura indwara ishobora kuba yaratewe aho gutanga uburinzi burambye urukingo rutanga.

Ese urushinge rwa antrax ruruta izindi nkingo zirinda ibitero bya biyoloji?

Urushinge rwa antrax rufite umwihariko wo kurinda ku kaga kadasanzwe ka biyoloji, bityo ntirugereranywa mu buryo butaziguye n'izindi nkingo zisanzwe. Urukingo rwa buri biyoloji rugamije ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kandi rutanga uburinzi ku ngaruka zihariye.

Uru rusinge rwarigishijwe cyane kandi ruranozwa mu myaka myinshi yo gukoreshwa, cyane cyane mu ngabo. Rutanga imikorere ikomeye mu kurinda indwara ya antrax iyo rutanzwe nk'urukurikirane rwuzuye.

Uburyo bwo gukora urukingo bufite ibiyongeramo bigaragaza iterambere kurusha ubwabanje, butanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye kandi buramba hamwe n'ingano nke zishobora gukenerwa. Umuganga wawe ashobora kukusobanurira uburyo uru rukingo rujyana n'uburyo bwawe bwose bwo kwirinda, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zikwerekeyeho zishobora gutuma urwara.

Ibikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Anthrax

Ese urukingo rwa Anthrax rurakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu?

Abantu barwaye indwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu bagomba kuganira ku bijyanye no gukingirwa neza n'umuganga wabo. Nubwo urukingo ubwarwo rutagira icyo rwongera ku ndwara ziterwa n'umubiri w'umuntu, imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura izo ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo urukingo rukora.

Muganga wawe azatekereza ku ndwara yawe, imiti ukoresha ubu, n'ibishobora gutuma urwara igihe cyose agena niba gukingirwa bikwiriye. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, gutegura urukingo rwawe hakurikijwe gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa birashobora gufasha kumenya ko urinda neza.

Nigute nagomba gukora niba mbonye urukingo rwinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba ubonye urukingo rwa anthrax rwinshi ku buryo butunganye, ntugire ubwoba. Nubwo ibyo bitari byiza, inkingo zinyongera ntizikunze gutera ibibazo bikomeye uretse ingaruka zishobora kwiyongera aho batera urukingo.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugirango umubwire ko wabonye urukingo rwinshi kandi muganire ku bimenyetso byose waba ufite. Bazagufasha guhindura gahunda yawe yo gukingirwa kandi bakurikirane ibintu byose bidasanzwe bishobora kubaho. Bika amakuru y'inkingo zose wabonye kugirango wirinde amakosa yo gutegura inkingo mu gihe kizaza.

Nigute nagomba gukora niba ntasibye urukingo rwatanzwe?

Niba wasibye urukingo rwa anthrax rwatanzwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugirango utegure urukingo rwawe. Mu bihe byinshi, urashobora guhabwa urukingo rwasibye hanyuma ugakomeza gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Kutabona urukingo rumwe ntibisobanura ko ugomba gutangira urukurikirane rwose. Sisitemu yawe y'ubudahangarwa ifite urwibutso ruto kuva ku nkingo zabanjirije, bityo gusubira mu nzira yawe yo gukingirwa bizafasha gukomeza kukurinda.

Ni ryari nshobora guhagarika gufata inkingo za Anthrax?

Ukeneye gukomeza gufata inkingo za anthrax biterwa n'uko ukomeza guhura n'icyorezo. Abakozi b'igisirikare bashobora gukenera inkingo za buri gihe mu gihe bakora akazi kabo, naho abakozi bo muri laboratwari bashobora kuzikenera igihe bakora gusa n'ibizamini bya anthrax.

Umuvuzi wawe azasuzuma ibyago byawe bikomeje ndetse n'amabwiriza y'ubuzima bwa none kugirango amenye igihe inkingo zitazaba zikenewe. Iyi myanzuro ifatwa buri gihe ku giti cyawe hashingiwe ku miterere yawe yihariye ndetse n'ibibazo byo guhura n'icyorezo bihinduka.

Nshobora kugenda nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa Anthrax?

Muri rusange urashobora kugenda nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa anthrax, nubwo ushobora gushaka gutegura ingaruka zoroheje zishobora kubaho muminsi yawe ya mbere cyangwa ibiri. Niba ugenda ukora akazi karimo guhura na anthrax, menya neza ko warangije urukurikirane rw'inkingo mbere y'igihe.

Guma ufite inyandiko zawe z'inkingo igihe ugenda, cyane cyane niba ujya ahantu hashobora kuba hari ibibazo by'ibinyabuzima. Ahantu hamwe na hamwe cyangwa imirimo ishobora gusaba icyemezo cy'urukingo mbere yo kwemererwa kwinjira mu bice bimwe na bimwe.