Urushinge rwa Anthrax: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'ibindi

Urushinge rwa anthrax ni igikoresho cyo gukumira mu buvuzi gifasha kurengera umubiri wawe kuri anthrax, indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri ya Bacillus anthracis. Uru rushinge rukora rwigisha umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri ya anthrax mbere yuko ziteza indwara. Nubwo indwara ya anthrax idakunze kubaho mu buzima bwa buri munsi, uru rushinge rufasha nk'inzira y'ingenzi yo kurengera abantu bahura n'ibibazo byinshi binyuze mu kazi kabo cyangwa mu gisirikare.

Urushinge rwa Anthrax ni iki?

Urushinge rwa anthrax ni urushinge rwa poroteyine isukuye irimo ibice byihariye biva muri bagiteri ya anthrax itarimo bagiteri nzima ubwayo. Uru rushinge ni rwiza rwose kuko ntirushobora gutera indwara ya anthrax. Ahubwo, irimo ibintu birengera bifasha umubiri wawe w'ubudahangarwa kwiga kumenya bagiteri ya anthrax nk'akaga.

Uru rushinge ruzwi ku izina rya BioThrax kandi rukorwa nk'urugero rwa amazi rwo guterwa. Ni icyo abaganga bita urushinge rwa

Mu bihe byihutirwa bidasanzwe, urukingo rushobora gushyirwaho ku bantu bahuye na bagiteri ya antrax ariko bataragaragaza ibimenyetso. Ibi byitwa gukumira nyuma yo guhura n'indwara kandi bikunze guhuzwa n'imiti yica udukoko kugira ngo birinde cyane.

Urukingo rwa antrax rukora gute?

Urukingo rwa antrax rukora rutoza umubiri wawe kumenya no kurwanya bagiteri ya antrax mbere yuko zishobora gutera ubwandu. Iyo uhabwa urukingo, umubiri wawe uhura na poroteyine zidasanzwe ziva muri bagiteri ya antrax kandi wigirira ubushobozi bwo gukora imbaraga zirwanya izo bagiteri.

Izi mbaraga zirwanya bagiteri zikora nk'umutekano w'umubiri wawe, ziteguye kumenya no gukuraho vuba bagiteri ya antrax niba wigeze kuzihura. Urukingo rufatwa nk'urufite akamaro kanini, hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko rutanga uburinzi bukomeye iyo rutanzwe hakurikijwe gahunda isabwa.

Uru ni urukingo rukomeye rukora ubudahangarwa bukomeye, ariko bisaba doze nyinshi mu gihe kugira ngo wubake kandi ukomeze uburinzi bwuzuye. Umubiri wawe ukeneye uku guhura kenshi n'ibice by'urukingo kugira ngo ugire uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda antrax.

Nkwiriye gufata urukingo rwa antrax gute?

Urukingo rwa antrax rutangwa nk'urushinge mu gice cy'umubiri cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko (intramuscular) cyangwa munsi y'uruhu (subcutaneous). Umuganga wawe azagena uburyo bwiza bwo guterwa urushinge kuri wewe bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Ntabwo ukeneye gutegura ibintu byihariye mbere yo guhabwa urukingo. Urashobora kurya uko bisanzwe kandi ntugomba kwirinda ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa byihariye. Ariko, bifasha kwambara imyenda yoroshye yemerera kwinjira byoroshye mu gice cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko kwawe.

Urukingo rutangwa mu nkingo zikurikirana mu mezi menshi. Gahunda isanzwe irimo inkingo ku byumweru 0, 2, na 4, zigakurikirwa n'izindi nkingo ku mezi 6, 12, na 18. Nyuma yo kurangiza urukurikirane rwa mbere, uzakenera inkingo zongera buri mwaka kugira ngo urinde.

Wibuke gukurikirana igihe wakiriye urukingo rwose n'igihe urukingo rwawe rutaha ruzaba rugeze. Umuganga wawe azaguha ikarita y'amateka y'inkingo kugira ngo ikufashe kwibuka gahunda yawe.

Nzakoresha urukingo rwa Anthrax igihe kingana iki?

Urukingo rwa anthrax rusaba umwanya munini kugira ngo urinde neza. Uzakenera kurangiza urukurikirane rwose rwa mbere rw'inkingo 6 mu mezi 18, zigakurikirwa n'inkingo zongera buri mwaka igihe cyose ukiri mu kaga ko kwandura.

Abantu benshi bakira uru rukingo bazakenera gukomeza guhabwa inkingo zongera buri mwaka mu gihe bakora mu gisirikare cyangwa bakora mu mirimo ifite ibyago byinshi. Uburinzi butangwa n'urukingo bugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe gihita hatabayeho izo nkingo zisanzwe.

Nuramuka uhagaritse guhabwa urukingo mbere yo kurangiza urukurikirane rwose, ushobora kutagira uburinzi buhagije bwo kurwanya anthrax. Ganira n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze n'igihe uzakenera gukomeza guhabwa urukingo.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n'urukingo rwa Anthrax?

Kimwe n'inkingo zose, urukingo rwa anthrax rushobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo abantu benshi bahura gusa n'ingaruka zoroheje zikemuka zonyine. Kumenya icyo witegura birashobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi utagira impungenge nyinshi ku ngaruka zisanzwe z'urukingo.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zigaragara ahantu hakorewe urukingo kandi zikunda kugaragara mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo kwakira urukingo:

• Kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubyimba ahantu hakorewe urukingo
• Akantu gato, gakomeye cyangwa agahinda gashobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi
• Kurya cyangwa koroha hafi y'ahantu hakorewe urukingo
• Gukomeretsa ahantu hakorewe urukingo

Ibi bimenyetso byo mu gace byerekana ko umubiri wawe wikingira ukora ku rukingo, ibyo ari byo dukeneye.

Ushobora kandi guhura n'ibimenyetso rusange byo mu mubiri igihe umubiri wawe wikingira ukora ku rukingo:

• Urubavu ruto cyangwa kumva utameze neza
• Umutwe
• Kubabara imitsi
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Isesemi

Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe bikira mu minsi mike kandi bishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igurishwa idakeneye uruhushya rwa muganga no kuruhuka.

Ingaruka zikomeye ntizisanzwe ariko zirashobora kubaho. Izi zikeneye ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga:

• Urugero rukomeye rwo kwanga urukingo (kubura umwuka, kubyimba mu maso cyangwa mu muhogo, ibiheri bikomeye)
• Urubavu rwinshi rurenze 101°F (38.3°C)
• Urubabare rukomeye cyangwa kubyimba bibuza gukoresha ukuboko
• Ibimenyetso byo kwandura ahatewe urukingo (gukara cyane, gushyuha, amashyira)

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zirambye nk'umunaniro urambye, kubabara mu ngingo, cyangwa ibibazo byo kwibuka, nubwo isano iri hagati y'ibi bimenyetso n'urukingo ikigikorwaho ubushakashatsi.

Ninde utagomba guhabwa urukingo rwa antrax?

Nubwo urukingo rwa antrax muri rusange rufitiye abantu benshi umutekano, abantu bamwe bagomba kwirinda kuruhabwa cyangwa bakaganira ku ngamba zidasanzwe na muganga wabo. Umutekano wawe ni wo uza imbere mu gufata icyemezo cyo gukingirwa.

Ntugomba guhabwa urukingo rwa antrax niba ufite allergie ikomeye izwi ku bice byarwo. Ibi birimo allergie kuri aluminium hydroxide, benzethonium chloride, cyangwa formaldehyde, bikoreshwa mu gukora urukingo.

Abantu barwaye indwara zikomeye kugeza ku zikomeye bagomba gutegereza kugeza bakize mbere yo gukingirwa. Ibi ntibigizwemo ibicurane bito cyangwa urubavu ruto, ariko indwara zikomeye zituma wumva utameze neza.

Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya kuzatwita, ganira urukingo na muganga wawe. Nubwo ubushakashatsi butaragaragaza ingaruka ku bana bakiri mu nda, urukingo muri rusange rutangwa gusa mu gihe cyo gutwita niba ibyago byo guhura na anthrax biri hejuru.

Abantu bafite uburwayi budakira bw'umubiri, nk'abakira imiti ya kanseri cyangwa bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa, ntibashobora gusubiza neza urukingo. Muganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya niba gukingirwa bikwiye kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Amazina y'Urukingo rwa Anthrax

Urukingo rwa anthrax ruboneka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe rwa Amerika rukorwa ku izina rya BioThrax na Emergent BioSolutions. Ubu ni rwo rukingo rwa anthrax rwemewe na FDA rukoreshwa muri iki gihugu.

BioThrax izwi kandi ku izina ryayo ry'ubumenyi, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). Ushobora kubona izina ryombi ku nyandiko zawe z'urukingo cyangwa inyandiko zawe z'ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Urukingo rwa Anthrax

Kugeza ubu, nta rukingo rindi ruriho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe rwa Amerika rurinda kuri anthrax. BioThrax ni rwo rukingo rwa anthrax rwemewe na FDA rukoreshwa, kandi abashakashatsi barimo gukora ku iterambere ry'inkingo z'igihe kizaza zishobora gusaba doze nkeya.

Niba udashobora guhabwa urukingo rwa anthrax kubera impamvu z'ubuvuzi, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba izindi ngamba zo kukurinda niba uri mu kaga ko guhura na yo. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imiti yica mikorobe mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nubwo ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kuvura nyuma yo guhura na yo aho kubuza.

Ese Urukingo rwa Anthrax ruruta imiti yica mikorobe mu kurinda?

Urukingo rwa anthrax n'imiti yica mikorobe bikora ibintu bitandukanye mu kurinda anthrax, kandi ntibigereranywa mu buryo bwo gukumira. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi burambye binyuze mu kwigisha umubiri wawe kurwanya mikorobe ya anthrax mbere yuko ubwandu bushoboka.

Imiti yica mikorobe nka ciprofloxacin cyangwa doxycycline ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda abantu nyuma yo guhura na mikorobe ya anthrax, bivuze ko itangwa nyuma y'uko umuntu ahuye na mikorobe ya anthrax ariko mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara. Iyi miti ikora yica cyangwa igahagarika imikurire ya mikorobe imaze kwinjira mu mubiri wawe.

Urukingo rukoreshwa cyane mu kurinda abantu igihe kirekire bafite ibyago byo guhura na mikorobe ya anthrax kuko rutanga ubudahangarwa burambye hatagombye gufata imiti buri gihe. Imiti yica mikorobe ikoreshwa neza mu kurinda abantu igihe gito nyuma yo guhura na mikorobe.

Ibikunze Kubazwa ku Rukingo rwa Anthrax

Ese urukingo rwa Anthrax ruzira ingaruka ku bantu barwaye indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri?

Abantu barwaye indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bagomba kuganira ku rukingo rwa anthrax neza n'abaganga babo. Nubwo urukingo ubwarwo rutagira mikorobe nzima kandi ntirushobora gutera indwara ya anthrax, rushobora gutera ibisubizo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Muganga wawe azagereranya ibyago byo guhura na anthrax n'ibishobora guterwa n'urukingo rwo kongera ubukana bw'indwara yawe y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Bashobora kugusaba guhindura igihe cyo gukingirwa cyangwa gukurikiranwa byimbitse niba wikingije.

Ninkora iki niba mbonye urukingo rwa anthrax rwinshi ku buryo butunguranye?

Niba ubonye urukingo rwa anthrax rwinshi ku buryo butunguranye, ntugire ubwoba. Nubwo ibi bitari byiza, guhabwa urundi rukingo ntibishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye uretse ingaruka zikomeye ahantu bakingirwa.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe kugirango umubwire ko wabonye urukingo rwinshi kandi muganire niba hari impinduka zikenewe ku gihe cyo gukingirwa. Bashobora kugukurikirana neza kugirango barebe ingaruka ziterwa n'urukingo kandi bahindure igihe cyo guhabwa urundi rukingo.

Ninkora iki niba nciweho urukingo rwa anthrax?

Niba warasiba urukingo rwa antrax rwari ruteganyijwe, vugana n'umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo urutegure bundi bushya. Gusiba urukingo ntacyo bizagutwara, ariko bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo kukurinda antrax.

Umuvuzi wawe azagufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gusubira mu murongo w'urukingo rwawe. Mu bihe byinshi, urashobora guhabwa urukingo rwasibwe ugakomeza n'izindi nkingo zisigaye, nubwo igihe cy'inkingo zizakurikiraho gishobora gukenera guhindurwa.

Ni ryari nshobora guhagarika gufata urukingo rwa antrax?

Urashobora guhagarika guhabwa inkingo zongera imbaraga z'urukingo rwa antrax igihe utagishobora guhura na mikorobe ya antrax. Ibi bikunda kuba iyo urangije umurimo wa gisirikare, uhinduye akazi ukava mu mirimo ifite ibyago byinshi, cyangwa utakiri gukora mu bice aho guhura na antrax bishoboka.

Vugana n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze mbere yo guhagarika urukingo. Bazagufasha gusuzuma ibyago bikugiraho kandi bamenye igihe gikwiye cyo guhagarika urukingo.

Nshobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe n'urukingo rwa antrax?

Yego, muri rusange urashobora guhabwa izindi nkingo icyarimwe n'urukingo rwa antrax, nubwo zigomba gutangwa mu maboko atandukanye igihe bibaye ngombwa. Umuvuzi wawe azatekereza ku buzima bwawe muri rusange n'amateka y'urukingo rwawe igihe atanga inama.

Inkingo zisanzwe zishobora gutangwa icyarimwe zirimo inkingo zisanzwe nk'inkingo z'ibicurane, inkingo zongera imbaraga za tetanusi, cyangwa inkingo z'urugendo niba woherezwa mu mahanga. Umuvuzi wawe azemeza intera ikwiye no gukurikiranira hafi ibishobora guhura.