Icyo Atazanavir ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, urugero rwo gufata, ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Atazanavir ni umuti wandikirwa na muganga ugwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa protease inhibitors, yagenewe neza kuvura indwara ya virusi itera SIDA (VIH). Uyu muti ukora ubu byugarije urufunguzo rwa enzyme VIH ikeneye kugwira mu mubiri wawe, bigafasha kugenzura virusi no kurengera urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu witaho yarandikiwe atazanavir, birashoboka ko uri gushaka amakuru asobanutse kandi y'ukuri ku byo witegura. Reka tunyure mu bintu byose ukeneye kumenya kuri uyu muti wa VIH w'ingenzi mu buryo bugaragara kandi butanga icyizere.

Atazanavir ni iki?

Atazanavir ni umuti urwanya virusi itera SIDA ufasha kugenzura indwara ya VIH mu kubuza virusi ubushobozi bwo kwigana. Tekereza nk'ugushyiraho feri ku buryo VIH yigana, bitanga urwego rwawe rw'ubudahangarwa amahirwe yo gukomera no kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa buri gihe nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi buhuriweho, bivuze ko ufatanwa n'indi miti ya VIH kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuvura bwuzuye. Muganga wawe ntazigera yandika atazanavir wenyine kuko VIH ishobora kwigiriza ubudahangarwa ku miti imwe vuba.

Atazanavir iza mu buryo bwa capsule kandi ifatirwa mu kanwa, akenshi rimwe ku munsi. Ifatwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura bwiza bwafashije abantu benshi banduye VIH gukomeza ubuzima bwabo n'imibereho myiza mu myaka ishize.

Atazanavir ikoreshwa mu iki?

Atazanavir ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya VIH-1 mu bantu bakuru n'abana bapima nibura ibiro 35 (hafi 77 pounds). Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'icyo abaganga bita ubuvuzi bukora cyane burwanya virusi, cyangwa HAART, ihuriza hamwe imiti myinshi kugira ngo ikumire neza virusi.

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura atazanavir ni kugabanya umubare wa virusi, ni ukuvuga umubare wa virusi ya SIDA mu maraso yawe, ukagera ku rwego rutagaragara. Iyo umubare wa virusi yawe utagaragara, bivuze ko umuti ukora neza mu kugenzura virusi, kandi ntushobora kwanduza abandi SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugutera atazanavir nk'igice cyo kuvurwa kwawe kwa mbere kwa SIDA, cyangwa ashobora kukwimurira kuri wo uvuye ku wundi muti niba uwo uri gukoresha ubu utagikora neza nk'uko byari byitezwe. Icyemezo gishingira ku bintu nk'ubuzima bwawe bw'ubu, imiti indi urimo gufata, n'uko wabyitwayemo neza ku miti yabanje.

Atazanavir ikora ite?

Atazanavir ikora yibanda ku kinyabutabuzi cyihariye cyitwa HIV protease, virusi ikeneye kugira ngo yikorere kopi nshya zayo. Mu kubuza iki kinyabutabuzi, atazanavir ibuza HIV gukora ibice bya virusi byakwira mu mubiri wawe.

Uyu muti ufashwe nk'ufite imbaraga ziringaniye mu miti ya SIDA, bivuze ko ukora neza ariko ukora neza iyo uvuzwe hamwe n'indi miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza butuma niba HIV igerageza gushaka uburyo bwo kwikura ku muti umwe, indi miti iri mu buryo bwawe bwo kuvura ishobora kuyigumisha mu rugero rukwiye.

Bisaba ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo ubone ingaruka zose za atazanavir mu maraso yawe. Muganga wawe azagenzura umubare wa virusi yawe na CD4 buri gihe kugira ngo arebe neza ko umuti ukora neza kandi ufasha gukomeza urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bwawe uko igihe kigenda.

Nkwiriye gufata atazanavir nte?

Atazanavir ikwiriye gufatwa nk'uko muganga wawe abitegeka, akenshi rimwe ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo. Kuyifata hamwe n'ifunguro cyangwa akaboga gafatika bifasha umubiri wawe gukurura umuti neza kandi bigabanya amahirwe yo kurwara mu gifu.

Igihe cyo gufata urugero rwawe ni ingenzi cyane kuri atazanavir. Gerageza kurufata ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo urinde urwego ruzigama mu maraso yawe. Abantu benshi babona ko bifasha guhuza urugero rwabo n'imikorere ya buri munsi, nk'ifunguro rya mu gitondo cyangwa rya nimugoroba.

Mimina ibinini byose hamwe n'amazi cyangwa ikindi kinyobwa. Ntugasatura, guhekenya, cyangwa gufungura ibinini, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umuti winjizwa kandi bishobora kugabanya imikorere yawo.

Niba unafata indi miti imwe n'imwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gufata atazanavir hamwe na ritonavir, undi muti ufasha kongera imikorere ya atazanavir. Ubu buryo bukunze kwandikwa hamwe kugira ngo habeho ibisubizo byiza by'imiti.

Nzamara Igihe Kingana Iki Ndafata Atazanavir?

Atazanavir ni imiti ikunze gukoreshwa igihe kirekire ugomba gukomeza igihe cyose ikora neza kugenzura ubwandu bwawe bwa HIV. Abantu benshi barayifata iteka, kuko guhagarika imiti ya HIV bishobora korohereza virusi kwiyongera vuba kandi bikaba byangiza urwego rwawe rw'ubwirinzi.

Muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe iterambere ryawe binyuze mu bizami by'amaraso bigenzura umubare wawe wa virusi na CD4. Niba atazanavir ikomeza gukora neza kuri wewe itagize ingaruka zikomeye, birashoboka ko uzayikoresha imyaka myinshi.

Ariko, hariho igihe muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhindura ku muti utandukanye. Ibi bishobora kubaho niba ugize ingaruka zikugiraho ingaruka ku buzima bwawe, niba umuti uhagaritse gukora neza, cyangwa niba hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bugiye kuboneka bushobora gukora neza ku miterere yawe yihariye.

Ntuzigere uhagarika gufata atazanavir ako kanya cyangwa utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. N'iyo wumva umeze neza, umuti ukora inyuma kugira ngo urinde umubare wawe wa virusi, kandi kuwuhagarika ako kanya bishobora gutuma HIV yongera vuba.

Ni Izihe Ngaruka Zituruka kuri Atazanavir?

Kimwe n'imiti yose, atazanavir ishobora gutera ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, nubwo abantu benshi bayihanganira neza. Kumenya ibyo witegura bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ukamenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima kugira ngo bagufashe.

Ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti zisanzwe zikunda kuba zoroshye kandi akenshi zigenda zikemuka uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Isesemi cyangwa kutumva neza mu gifu, cyane cyane mu byumweru bike bya mbere
• Umutwe cyangwa isereri rito
• Kunanirwa cyangwa kumva urushye kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo (jaundice), akenshi biba byoroshye kandi bikavaho
• Impinduka mu buryo ibinure bigabanywa mu mubiri wawe uko igihe kigenda
• Impiswi cyangwa impinduka mu myitwarire y'amara

Jaundice rimwe na rimwe ribaho hamwe na atazanavir akenshi ntiriteje akaga, ariko rishobora kugaragara kandi rigahagarika umutima. Ibi bibaho kuko atazanavir ishobora kongera by'agateganyo urugero rwa bilirubin mu maraso yawe, ibi bikaba bitera ibara ry'umuhondo.

Ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti zitagaragara cyane ariko zikomeye zisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga zirimo:

• Urubavu rukabije, rushobora kugaragaza ibibazo byo mu gifu cyangwa mu mpyiko
• Gusohoka amaraso cyangwa gukomereka bidasanzwe
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima nk'inkari z'umukara, isesemi ikabije, cyangwa kunanirwa guhoraho
• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko cyangwa urubavu rukabije
• Umutima utagenda neza cyangwa kuribwa mu gituza
• Ibikorwa bikabije byo ku ruhu cyangwa ibiheri

Izi ngaruka ziterwa n'imiti zikomeye ntizisanzwe, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso byo kuburira kugira ngo ushobore kubona ubufasha vuba niba bibaye ngombwa. Muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo amenye ibibazo byose bishoboka hakiri kare.

Ninde utagomba gufata Atazanavir?

Atazanavir ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ubuzima bwawe ubu mbere yo kuyikwandikira. Abantu bamwe bagomba kwirinda iyi miti cyangwa bakayikoresha bafite ubwitonzi bwinshi.

Ntugomba gufata atazanavir niba urwaye allergie yayo cyangwa ibiyigize byose. Ibimenyetso byo kurwara allergie birimo uruhu rurya, gushinyagura, kubyimba, kuribwa cyane, cyangwa guhumeka nabi.

Abantu basanzwe batagomba gufata atazanavir barimo abafite:

• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima cyangwa kunanirwa kw'umwijima
• Uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bwo gutera umutima
• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko
• Uburwayi bukomeye bwa allergie bwa mbere kuri protease inhibitors

Ubwitonzi bwihariye bukenewe niba ufite:

• Uburwayi bworoheje kugeza buringaniye bw'umwijima, harimo hepatite B cyangwa C
• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko cyangwa indwara y'impyiko
• Diyabete cyangwa isukari nyinshi mu maraso
• Indwara y'umutima cyangwa ibibazo by'umutima
• Uburwayi bwo kuva amaraso nka hemophilia
• Indwara y'igifu

Gusama bisaba kwitonderwa byihariye hamwe na atazanavir. Mugihe ishobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gutwita iyo inyungu ziruta ibyago, muganga wawe azagomba kugukurikirana wowe n'umwana wawe neza. Imiti irashobora kwinjira mu mata y'ibere, bityo ibyemezo byo konsa bigomba kuganirwaho n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima.

Amazina ya Atazanavir

Izina ry'ubwoko bwa atazanavir ni Reyataz, ikorwa na Bristol-Myers Squibb. Iyi ni verisiyo isanzwe yandikwa y'imiti kandi ni imwe ushobora guhura nayo muri farumasi nyinshi.

Verisiyo rusange ya atazanavir nayo iraboneka, irimo ibintu bikora kimwe kandi bikora neza nkuko verisiyo y'izina ry'ubwoko. Ubwishingizi bwawe bushobora gukunda verisiyo rusange, ishobora gufasha kugabanya amafaranga yawe yo hanze.

Niba wakira Reyataz y'izina cyangwa atazanavir rusange, umuti ukora kimwe kandi ufite ubushobozi bumwe. Umufarmasi wanyu ashobora kubafasha gusobanukirwa urugero mwakira kandi agasubiza ibibazo byose ku itandukaniro.

Izindi nzira za Atazanavir

Niba atazanavir itagukundiye cyangwa ikaba itera ingaruka mbi, imiti myinshi ya HIV ishobora gutanga inyungu zisa. Muganga wawe azareba uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, harimo uburyo virusi yawe irwanya imiti n'izindi ndwara, mugihe ashaka izindi nzira.

Izindi protease inhibitors zishobora kwitabwaho zirimo:

• Darunavir (Prezista), akenshi yihanganirwa kandi ikora neza cyane
• Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), nubwo iyi mvange ifite ingaruka nyinshi
• Fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indi nzira kubarwayi bamenyereye kuvurwa

Izindi nzira zitari protease inhibitors zirimo:

• Integrase inhibitors nka dolutegravir (Tivicay) cyangwa raltegravir (Isentress)
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nka efavirenz (Sustiva)
• Entry inhibitors nka maraviroc (Selzentry) kubwoko bwihariye bwa virusi

Abantu benshi uyu munsi batangirana imiti ishingiye kuri integrase inhibitors kuko akenshi bagira ingaruka nkeya kandi akora neza cyane. Ariko, atazanavir iracyari uburyo bw'agaciro, cyane cyane kubantu bafite ubwirinzi ku zindi mico y'imiti.

Ese Atazanavir iruta Lopinavir?

Atazanavir na lopinavir ni protease inhibitors zikora neza, ariko zifite inyungu n'ibibi bitandukanye bituma imwe ikwiriye kuruta indi bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.

Atazanaviri akunda gukoreshwa cyane kuko ifatwa rimwe ku munsi, ibyo bikorohera gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa. Nanone ikunda gutera ibibazo bike byo mu gifu nk'impiswi no kuruka ugereranije na lopinaviri.

Ariko, lopinaviri (isanzwe itangwa hamwe na ritonaviri nka Kaletra) ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nk'igihe umuntu afite uburyo bwo kurwanya imiti runaka cyangwa igihe atazanaviri itihanganirwa neza. Lopinaviri kandi ifite amateka maremare yo gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Gu hitamo hagati y'iyi miti biterwa n'ibintu nk'amateka yawe yo kuvurwa mbere, indi miti urimo gufata, uko ubaho, n'uko wihanganira buri kimwe. Muganga wawe azagufasha gupima ibi bintu kugirango uhitemo uburyo bwo kuvura bwiza bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Atazanaviri

Ese Atazanaviri irakwiriye ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima?

Atazanaviri irashobora gukoreshwa ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima yoroheje kugeza hagati, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza kandi rimwe na rimwe imiti igahindurwa. Muganga wawe azakenera gupima imikorere y'umwijima wawe buri gihe akoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso kugirango yemeze ko umuti utatera umwijima gukora cyane.

Niba ufite hepatite B cyangwa C hamwe na virusi itera SIDA, atazanaviri iracyashobora kuba uburyo bwo kuvura, ariko ikipe yawe y'ubuzima izakureba cyane kugirango irebe ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima. Abantu barwaye indwara y'umwijima ikomeye cyangwa umwijima wananiwe akenshi ntibashobora gufata atazanaviri neza.

Nigira nte niba mfata atazanaviri nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba ufata atazanaviri nyinshi bitunguranye kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya, nubwo wumva umeze neza. Gufata nyinshi cyane birashobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane ibibazo by'umutima.

Ntugerageze "kwishyura" kubera kunywa byinshi ureka urundi rugero. Ahubwo, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe yerekeye igihe cyo gusubira mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiti yawe isanzwe. Kora urutonde rw'igihe ubwo bwinshi bwabayeho kugirango ushobore gutanga aya makuru ku ikipe yawe y'ubuzima.

Nigute nzakora niba nciwe urugero rwa Atazanavir?

Niba waciwe urugero rwa atazanavir, nywe vuba uko wibuka, igihe cyose kiri mu masaha 12 y'igihe cyo kunywa imiti yawe. Niba hashize amasaha arenga 12, reka urugero waciwe unywe urugero rwawe rutaha ku gihe gisanzwe.

Ntuzigere wongera imiti kugirango wishyure urugero waciwe, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti. Niba ukunda kwibagirwa imiti, ganira na muganga wawe kubyerekeye ingamba zo kugufasha kwibuka, nk'abategura imiti cyangwa ibyibutso bya terefone.

Ni ryari nshobora guhagarika kunywa Atazanavir?

Ugomba guhagarika kunywa atazanavir gusa ukurikije ubuyobozi bwa muganga wawe, akenshi mugihe uhinduye uburyo bwo kuvura SIDA butandukanye. Ntuzigere uhagarika kuyinywa wenyine, n'ubwo wumva umeze neza, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma virusi yongera vuba kandi bishobora gutuma urwanya imiti.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhagarika atazanavir niba ugize ingaruka zikomeye zitagira icyo zihindura, niba imiti itagikora neza, cyangwa niba uhindukirira uburyo bushya, bworoshye bwo kuvura. Impinduka zose ku buvuzi bwawe bwa SIDA zigomba gutegurwa neza kandi zikagenzurwa.

Nshobora kunywa Atazanavir hamwe n'indi miti?

Atazanavir irashobora guhura n'indi miti myinshi, bityo ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe ibyo urimo kunywa byose, harimo imiti yanditswe na muganga, imiti itangwa nta cyemezo cya muganga, n'ibyongerera imiti. Ubuhahirane bumwe burashobora kuba bukomeye kandi bugasaba guhindura urugero cyangwa indi miti.

Imiti isanzwe ifitanye isano na atazanavir irimo imiti imwe na imwe irwanya aside, imiti iziba porotoni, imiti yica mikorobe imwe na imwe, n'indi miti myinshi. Muganga wawe na farumasiye bazareba imiti yose ufata kugira ngo barebe ko ihujwe neza kandi bashobora gukenera guhindura igihe cyangwa doze kugira ngo birinde guhura kw'imiti.